Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster

Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster

Botox For Lines Around The Mouth

It's crucial to avoid rubbing or massaging the treated areas for at least 24 hours. There's no need for any significant downtime or a break from your day-to-day life. Choose us, and let's embark on this journey towards achieving your ideal aesthetic together. You're in good hands with us at Manhas Health Co. Learn more about Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster here
One client mentioned, “After my first session at Manhas Health Co., I noticed a significant reduction in my forehead lines. Our practitioners aren't only highly skilled but also continually update their knowledge to incorporate the latest advancements in cosmetic treatments. Browsing through the gallery, you'll notice the precision in our work, the natural-looking results, and the attention to detail that sets us apart. Learn more about Botox Treatments In New Westminster here.
We've seen firsthand how this treatment can smooth out wrinkles, erase fine lines, and restore a youthful vibrancy that many of us start to miss as the years pass by.

Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster - Botox For Neck Bands

  • Botox For Facial Symmetry
  • Botox Wrinkle Reduction
  • Xeomin Injections
  • Botox For Excessive Sweating
  • Botox Treatments For Men
  • Botox For Facial Asymmetry
  • Botox For Neck Rejuvenation
  • Botox For Younger Skin
  • Dermal Filler Injections
  • Cosmetic Injectables
  • Botox For Muscle Relaxation
  • Botox For Facial Symmetry
  • Botox Wrinkle Reduction
  • Xeomin Injections
  • Botox For Excessive Sweating
  • Botox Treatments For Men
  • Botox For Facial Asymmetry
  • Botox For Neck Rejuvenation
  • Botox For Younger Skin
Whether it's smile lines, marionette lines, or dimpling in the chin, Botox can help smooth these areas, enhancing your natural beauty. This preventative measure can be particularly effective in areas where expression lines commonly form, such as around the eyes, forehead, and mouth.
It's not just about aesthetics; it's about feeling confident and vibrant in your own skin. Botox For Excessive Sweating Our dedication to offering personalized care is unmatched. Botox For Neck Rejuvenation Botox For Facial Asymmetry On the day of the treatment, we'll start by cleansing the targeted areas to ensure a sterile environment, minimizing any risk of infection.

Our team is committed to providing personalized care that aligns with your unique desires and health objectives. We offer a comprehensive suite of Botox services, designed to rejuvenate and enhance your natural beauty. We understand the importance of looking and feeling your best, and we're here to guide you every step of the way. Curiosity might not have been kind to the cat, but in this case, it could lead to uncovering the fountain of youth you've been searching for.

We skillfully treat horizontal lines that can make you look worried or tired, smoothing them out for a more relaxed expression. When you look in the mirror and love what you see, it changes how you carry yourself and interact with the world. To fully appreciate the benefits and nuances of cosmetic Botox, it's crucial to delve into its mechanism and applications.

Results aren't instant but develop over the following week, with the full effect visible in about two weeks. Botox For Lines Around The Mouth Whether you're looking to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles or seeking preventive measures to maintain your youthful look, we've got you covered. But the journey towards a more youthful appearance doesn't stop there.

This comprehensive consultation allows us to create a treatment plan that aligns with your desires and delivers the most natural-looking results. We've handpicked each member for their expertise, dedication, and passion for wellness and beauty. We're here to support you every step of the way, making us the ideal partner for your cosmetic journey.

Cosmetic Botox New Westminster

Entity Name Description Source
Botulinum toxin Description for Botulinum toxin Source
Skeletal muscle Description for Skeletal muscle Source
Eyelid Description for Eyelid Source
Eye drop Description for Eye drop Source
Injectable filler Description for Injectable filler Source
Marionette lines Description for Marionette lines Source
Lip Description for Lip Source
Dermatology Description for Dermatology Source
Mohs surgery Description for Mohs surgery Source
Skin cancer Description for Skin cancer Source
Varicose veins Description for Varicose veins Source
Melanocytic nevus Description for Melanocytic nevus Source
Collagen induction therapy Description for Collagen induction therapy Source
Platelet-rich plasma Description for Platelet-rich plasma Source
Pattern hair loss Description for Pattern hair loss Source
Skin care Description for Skin care Source
New Westminster Description for New Westminster Source
British Columbia Description for British Columbia Source
Rhinoplasty Description for Rhinoplasty Source
Masseter muscle Description for Masseter muscle Source
Submental triangle Description for Submental triangle Source
Hair loss Description for Hair loss Source
Scalp Description for Scalp Source
Hair follicle Description for Hair follicle Source
Hyperhidrosis Description for Hyperhidrosis Source
Restylane Description for Restylane Source
Physiology Description for Physiology Source

Botox For Crow's Feet New Westminster


The entrance to the Fraser is very striking—Extending miles to the right & left are low marsh lands (apparently of very rich qualities) & yet fr [sic] the Background of Superb Mountains—Swiss in outline, dark in woods, grandly towering into the clouds there is a sublimity that deeply impresses you. Everything is large and magnificent, worthy of the entrance to the Queen of England's dominions on the Pacific mainland. My imagination converted the silent marshes into Cuyp-like pictures of horses and cattle lazily fattening in rich meadows in a glowing sunset. The water of the deep clear Frazer was of a glassy stillness, not a ripple before us, except when a fish rose to the surface or broods of wild ducks fluttered away.

Professional Botox Specialists New Westminster


Botox Side Effects New Westminster

Nearby Tourist Attractions

Mundy Park

Tourist attraction, City park
Mundy Park, 641 Hillcrest St, Coquitlam, BC V3J 6N9
178 acres of forest habitat with 2 lakes, sports facilities, disc golf & an outdoor pool.

Port Moody Station Museum

Tourist attraction, Entertainer, Historical landmark, History museum, Local history museum
Port Moody Station Museum, 2734 Murray St, Port Moody, BC V3H 1X2
Small destination offering local history exhibits & programs in a 1908 train station.

Rocky Point Park

Tourist attraction, City park
Rocky Point Park, 2800 Murray St, Port Moody, BC V3H 1X2
Waterfront recreation area with a pier, pool, skate park, restaurant, playground & boat ramp.

Shoreline Trail

Tourist attraction, City park, Hiking area
Shoreline Trail, 2934 Murray St, Port Moody, BC V3H 1X2
This walking trail along the Burrard Inlet offers sweeping views & allows leashed dogs.

Burnaby Fraser Foreshore Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Burnaby Fraser Foreshore Park, 7751 Fraser Park Dr, Burnaby, BC V5J 5L8
Riverfront park with outdoor gym equipment, dog area, picnic spots & a playground.

Hawthorne Rotary Park

Whalley
Tourist attraction, Park
Hawthorne Rotary Park, 10513 144 St, Surrey, BC V3T 4V4
Residential area park with a playground, spray pad, gardens, trails, picnic shelter & washrooms.

Glenlyon Foreshore Outlook

Tourist attraction, Historical landmark
Glenlyon Foreshore Outlook, 9186 Glenlyon Pkwy, Burnaby, BC V5J 5J8

World Police and Fire Games decoration

Metrotown
Tourist attraction
World Police and Fire Games decoration, 3789 BC-99A, Burnaby, BC V5H 1Y4

Citations and other links

Botox Wrinkle Filler Services Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster

Unlike surgical procedures, Botox treatments don't require significant downtime. By choosing Manhas Health Co for your Botox treatments, you're not just getting a service; you're receiving a customized care plan designed with your unique beauty in mind. We've seen firsthand the joy that comes from our clients seeing their refreshed appearances for the first time. Afterward, you can expect minor swelling or bruising at the injection sites, but these side effects usually subside within a few days. There might be slight redness or swelling at the injection sites, but these minor side effects typically subside within a few hours.

John, another satisfied client, mentioned, 'The team at Manhas Health Co. made me feel comfortable from the start. Alternatively, if you'd prefer to speak to someone, our friendly staff are just a phone call away and can assist you in finding the perfect slot for your consultation. Botox For Neck Bands There's minimal downtime involved, allowing most of our clients to return to their normal activities immediately after their appointment. We can't wait to meet you and start this journey together.

They're also exceptional at making our clients feel welcomed and at ease from the moment they step into our clinic. Our team takes into account not only the areas you wish to enhance but also your medical history and lifestyle. We're committed to ongoing education and training, ensuring we're always up-to-date with the latest techniques and advancements in the field. Don't worry; all your information is kept confidential.

Trust us to be your partners in beauty, offering expert advice and unparalleled care throughout your journey. Generally, Botox is considered safe when administered by a qualified professional. Let's work together to unveil a more radiant, confident you. Our clients' happiness is our top priority, and we're thrilled to see such positive feedback.

Botox Wrinkle Filler Services Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster
Botox Rejuvenation Wrinkle Relaxer Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster

Botox Rejuvenation Wrinkle Relaxer Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster

Moreover, Botox isn't just for cosmetic enhancements. You'll start noticing the effects of Botox within a few days, with full results visible in about two weeks. It's not merely about injecting Botox; it's about knowing where and how much to inject to achieve desired results without affecting unintended muscles. It blocks the nerve signals to the muscles where it's injected, preventing them from contracting, which in turn reduces the appearance of wrinkles.

We prefer mineral sunscreens as they're less likely to irritate our freshly treated skin. Whether you're looking to smooth out fine lines and wrinkles, reduce excessive sweating, or treat chronic migraines, we've got you covered. We believe in transparency and education, so we're always ready to answer any questions you might have.

Botox isn't just about looking younger; it's about feeling better in your skin. Trust us to craft a Botox plan that's just right for you, blending artistry with precision for natural-looking results.

Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster - Cosmetic Injectables

  1. Botox For Facial Symmetry
  2. Botox Wrinkle Reduction
  3. Botox For Migraines
  4. Botox For Brow Lift
  5. Best Botox Clinics In New Westminster
  6. Botox For Neck Bands
  7. Botox Treatment Results
  8. Xeomin Injections
  9. Botox For Excessive Sweating
  10. Botox Treatments For Men
  11. Botox For Facial Asymmetry
  12. Botox For Neck Rejuvenation
  13. Botox For Younger Skin
  14. Dermal Filler Injections
  15. Cosmetic Injectables
  16. Botox For Muscle Relaxation
  17. Botox For Facial Symmetry
  18. Botox Wrinkle Reduction
At Manhas Health Co., we've established ourselves as Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster's go-to clinic for cosmetic Botox, championing both safety and efficacy in our treatments.

It really affected my self-esteem. However, we're here to assure you that when administered by our skilled professionals, Botox enhances natural beauty without altering facial expressions. We've seen firsthand how it transforms not just appearances but also boosts confidence and self-esteem.

Botox Wrinkle Smoothers Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster

We're not just about providing a service; we're about creating an experience. Many share stories of newfound confidence and joy in their appearance, praising not just the results but the care and professionalism they encountered at Manhas Health Co. If you'd prefer a more personal touch, we're just a phone call away. These treatments provide a dual benefit: improving quality of life while addressing specific health issues.

At the heart of Manhas Health Co's success is our expert team, whose dedication and skill are unmatched in the industry. Botox For Migraines Recognizing the delicate nature of the eye area, we've adopted techniques that minimize discomfort while maximizing results. Embracing Botox as a preventative measure can be a smart part of a comprehensive skincare regimen.

Our goal is to ensure everyone leaves feeling informed and excited about their Botox journey. We're here to assure you that safety is our top priority. We take every precaution to minimize risks, starting with a thorough consultation to ensure Botox is suitable for you.

When we inject Botox into specific muscles, it binds to the nerve endings, stopping the release of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter responsible for muscle movement. To embark on your journey toward rejuvenation and self-confidence, start by scheduling a consultation with us at Manhas Health Co. Having explored the broad benefits of Botox, it's clear why Manhas Health Co stands out as the premier choice for your cosmetic needs.

Botox Wrinkle Smoothers Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster
Trusted Botox Injectors Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster
Trusted Botox Injectors Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster

This precaution prevents the Botox from spreading to unintended muscles. It's a quick, minimally invasive procedure that we've mastered at Manhas Health Co., offering tailored solutions to each client's unique needs. We're here to accommodate your schedule and answer any preliminary questions you might've about cosmetic Botox and what it can do for you. Remember, we're here to answer any questions and address concerns, ensuring your experience with Botox at Manhas Health Co. is both beneficial and safe.

Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster - Botox Cosmetic Injections

  • Botox For Facial Asymmetry
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  • Botox For Muscle Relaxation
  • Botox For Facial Symmetry
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  • Xeomin Injections
  • Botox For Excessive Sweating
  • Botox Treatments For Men
  • Botox For Facial Asymmetry
  • Botox For Neck Rejuvenation
  • Botox For Younger Skin


Botox helps soften these, giving you a fresher, more youthful look.

Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster - Botox For Lines Around The Mouth

  • Cosmetic Injectables
  • Botox For Muscle Relaxation
  • Botox For Facial Symmetry
  • Botox Wrinkle Reduction
  • Dermal Filler Injections
  • Cosmetic Injectables
  • Botox For Muscle Relaxation
  • Botox For Facial Symmetry
  • Botox Wrinkle Reduction
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  • Cosmetic Injectables
  • Botox For Muscle Relaxation
  • Botox For Facial Symmetry
  • Botox Wrinkle Reduction
  • Dermal Filler Injections
  • Cosmetic Injectables
Lastly, questions about the longevity and maintenance of Botox results are common. Cosmetic Injectables We're here to guide you through the simple process of booking your appointment, ensuring a seamless journey towards achieving your cosmetic goals.

At Manhas Health Co., we believe that a one-size-fits-all approach doesn't work when it comes to your wellness and aesthetics. We always emphasize the importance of consulting with our specialists before deciding on Botox. We're here to listen and provide you with the information you need to make an informed decision.

Hearing how our services have positively impacted their lives truly inspires us. From your initial consultation to your post-treatment care, we're here to support you every step of the way. We've equipped our clinic with the latest technology to ensure every procedure is performed with the highest standards of precision and care.

Xeomin Injections Dermal Filler Injections
Botox Consultation Services Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster

Building on our commitment to your satisfaction, we equally prioritize your safety with rigorous standards and personalized care in every cosmetic Botox procedure. We're here to guide you through every step, ensuring your journey towards a more youthful and vibrant appearance is smooth and fulfilling. It's a fascinating process, really. Botox Treatments For Men Botox For Brow Lift We believe in providing value and exceptional service, making your experience as comfortable and satisfying as possible. We're here to guide you through understanding the full spectrum of benefits that cosmetic Botox offers, including our competitive cost and flexible payment options.
Anticipation builds as you get ready for your Botox session at Manhas Health Co., marking the first step towards achieving your desired aesthetic goals. If you have any questions or need to reschedule, don't hesitate to reach out. Our Botox services extend to addressing excessive sweating, a condition known as hyperhidrosis, which can be life-changing for those who've struggled with it. We've observed a growing interest in this minimally invasive procedure, not just for its aesthetic benefits but also for the confidence it instills in our clients.
It's crucial not to rub or massage the treated areas for at least 24 hours; this prevents the Botox from spreading to unintended muscles. Read more about Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster here Afterward, there's no downtime, meaning you can return to your daily activities immediately. We also recommend avoiding strenuous activities and keeping your head elevated to reduce any potential swelling. Our team's meticulous approach ensures that each client's experience is tailored to their unique needs, prioritizing comfort and results.
One of the most appealing aspects of undergoing Botox at Manhas Health Co. is the minimal downtime required, allowing clients to quickly resume their daily activities. Learn more about Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster here Your safety and satisfaction are our top priorities. We've come to appreciate the fine balance between embracing our inherent features and seeking professional assistance to refine them. Without this signal, the muscle doesn't receive the message to contract, leading to a reduction in the appearance of wrinkles.

Botox Consultation Services Botox For Sagging Skin New Westminster

Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

[edit]
The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

[edit]
A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

[edit]
Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

[edit]
Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

[edit]

Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

[edit]
Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

[edit]
Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

[edit]
Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

In general, a filler is something that is used to fill gaps. Specialized meanings include:

Materials

[edit]
  • Filler (animal food), dietary fiber and other ingredients added to pet foods to provide bulk
  • Filler (materials), particles added to a matrix material, usually to improve its properties
  • Filler (packaging), a machine designed to fill packaging, usually occurs in food packaging
  • Filler metal, metal added in the making of a joint through welding, brazing, or soldering
  • Grain filler, a product that is used to achieve a smooth-textured wood finish
  • Injectable filler, a soft tissue filler injected into the skin to help fill in facial wrinkles
  • Star filler, a plastic insert in computer cables which separates wires

Media and entertainment

[edit]
  • Filler (media), in television and other media, material that exists outside the story arc to pad out other material
  • "Filler", song by hardcore punk band Minor Threat, from their debut E.P.

Other uses

[edit]

See also

[edit]

Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

[edit]

Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

[edit]
A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

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Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

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A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
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