There is a moment, just before the engine catches, when the desert feels like a held breath. You can taste the dust in the air-powder-fine and sun-warmed-and there's a hush to the dunes that city dwellers forget exists. Then the quad bike rumbles awake, throaty and eager, and the hush becomes possibility.
Lahbab sits an hour from Dubai, a sweep of red dunes that seem to gather themselves in vast, slow waves. From the roadside the sand looks smooth as silk, but up close it is textured with the day's stories: tracks of a fox that came out early, a wind-sketched ridge scalloped like the edge of a shell, the imprint of a beetle carrying its world on its back. The guides talk quietly as they hand out helmets and goggles, their voices soft enough that you have to lean in. “Throttle and brake,” one of them says, tapping the bars. “Trust the bike. Trust the sand. And follow me.”
You learn the rhythm in the first minute or you don't go far: a lift of the thumb, a breath, a lean-not against the dune, but with it. The machine does not so much conquer the slope as converse with it, floating up as the sand gives way, drifting down with a controlled slide that brings a grin to your face before you realize you're wearing one. The dunes are not hostile; they are aloof. They invite a certain humility. Take them too fast, they spit you sideways. Take them too slow, they steal your momentum. Dune buggy The guide glances back to count helmets. Quad Bike Dubai quad and buggy combo Everyone is still there, bobbing in a line that glints like beetles strung across the red.
In the late afternoon the light turns the sand the color of saffron and smoked paprika. Heat lifts from the ground in wavering curtains, and your goggles fog every time you stop. You do not stop often.
Quad Bike Dubai Al Qudra lakeside sunset
Quad Bike Dubai Big Red dune ride
Quad Bike Dubai Lahbab evening tour
Quad Bike Dubai Lahbab morning tour
Off-roading
Quad Bike Dubai WhatsApp reservation support
Quad Bike Dubai open desert ride
Quad Bike Dubai double seater experience
The quad bikes climb and crest and descend until you begin to feel the contours in your knees, until your hands find the throttle the way they find a doorknob in the dark. At the highest ridge the wind is a clean blade, and the horizon is a thing that seems to recede every time you look at it directly.
The sun drops too fast in the desert. That's the trick of it-you think you have all the time in the world to watch it fall, and then it slides past the rim of a dune and the air changes. The heat slackens, the scent of the sand cools from bread-oven to stone, and your body notices the sweat cooling on your back. You park the bikes in a crescent and sit on the leeward side of a slope as the guide pours sweet tea into small cups. Out here, even the sugar feels ceremonial.
With the engines off, the silence returns-not the absence of noise, but a presence made of tiny sounds. The whisper of wind skimming the ridge. A distant shout from another group, the laughter pared thin by distance. Somewhere, a kettle hisses. You stare at the place where the sun went and feel like a page turning.
When the stars come, they don't come one by one. They arrive together, all at once, as if they had been waiting behind a curtain. Dubai still throws a low glow on the western horizon, a reminder of the city's glittering architecture and relentless velocity, but above you is another story: pinholes punched in a deepening blue, constellations tugging ancient threads.
Quad Bike Dubai quad and buggy combo
Quad Bike Dubai hardcore adrenaline seeker track
Quad Bike Dubai morning ride with breakfast
Dubai
Quad Bike Dubai thirty minute fenced ride
Quad Bike Dubai stag group Lahbab adventure
Quad Bike Dubai beginner friendly red dunes
Quad Bike Dubai family with teenagers
You trace what you can name-Orion raising his arm, Cassiopeia lounging, Jupiter bright and steady-and then let the rest wash over you without taxonomy. It is always surprising how many stars have been there the whole time. It is even more surprising how few people stand still to look at them.
The return ride under this sky is quieter. The group spreads out a little, the chatter through helmet mics softening into murmurs. The sand reflects the faint starlight in silver flecks, and your headlamp carves a narrow tunnel of certainty through the dark, which is all you really need. The dunes you met at speed earlier reveal a different character at night: calmer, more solemn, like dancers at rest. You feel the thrum of the engine through your thighs and think absurdly of a heartbeat. The guide's red tail light is a small planet you navigate by. Locals jokingly call it the “Quad Bike Dubai Lahbab starry sky return”-a mouthful that somehow fits. It's part itinerary, part promise.
There is a camp on the way back, a Bedouin-style set of low tents and rugs and lanterns that make little pools of warmth. Someone plays an oud, and the notes billow up like incense. If you're inclined, you try sandboarding and discover it's harder than it looks, and that falling is half the fun when the ground forgives you with softness. A platter of dates appears, and a pot of cardamom-scented coffee. Quad Bike Dubai Al Qudra lakeside sunset Hospitality in the desert is less about abundance than presence: a hand offering you something prepared with care, a place on a cushion, a nod from a stranger who will be a friend long enough to share a story.
And there are stories. The guide points toward a dark slice of horizon and explains how the dunes migrate-how wind shepherds them inch by inch, how they swallow objects and reveal them decades later. A mechanic wipes his hands and talks about the first bike he rebuilt when he was 14, how he guessed and guessed until guessing turned into knowing. A tourist from somewhere colder describes the shock of standing barefoot in warm sand at night, the way the grains stream between toes like time.
Riding back to the edge of the desert, you notice everything in sharper relief because the light is spare. The stubby plants that grip life where there is so little to hold onto. The patient camels, their silhouettes gentle bumps against the dunes.
Quad Bike Dubai quad and buggy combo
Quad Bike Dubai dune ride with falcon show
Quad Bike Dubai quad and buggy combo
Dune buggy
Quad Bike Dubai guided night ride with camp lights
Quad Bike Dubai Lahbab night lights tour
The air, finally cool, brushing the back of your neck with the same calm pressure as a hand that wants to say, stay a little longer.
But you return. You always do. The road unfolds, the sand gives way to tarmac, and the skyline of Dubai begins to reassert itself in improbable angles and luminous planes. In the car window reflection you see the dust on your face and the red outline of your eyes-goggle tan, they call it-a souvenir better than any trinket. The engine hum is still in your ears, a phantom vibration that will fade by morning. The smell of the desert lingers longer.
Later, in a hotel room or an apartment with a view, you will look at the photos. The orange sun balancing on a dune ridge. The S-curve your bike carved like a signature. The spilled-jewel sky. You will send them to someone who will say, as they always do, It looks unreal. And you will struggle to explain that the best part was not the spectacle but the recalibration. The way speed found its neighbor in stillness. The way the city's urgency made sense again only after you allowed the desert's patience to steady your hands.
An hour in the dunes is a small thing, measured against the bulk of a life. But small things accumulate. They tighten the threads that tether you to the present. They teach you how to breathe again. They remind you that there is a way to ride across a vast, shifting world without insisting it hold still for you-and that, if you're lucky, the stars will lead you home.
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About Tourism in Dubai
The Al Fahidi Historical Neighbourhood, also called Al Bastakiya, is Dubai's historic district and major tourist destination.
Tourism in Dubai is a major part of the economy of Dubai. Dubai was the third most visited city in the world in 2023 with 17 million international visitors according to Euromonitor International.[1][2] Dubai hosts more than 800 hotels with more than 150,000 rooms.[3][4]
History
[edit]
The discovery of oil in 1966 kick-started the development of present Dubai, however Sheikh Hamad bin Maktoum (ruler from 1958 till 1990) realised one day Dubai would run out of oil and started building an economy that would outlast it.[5] A quote commonly attributed to Sheikh Rashid reflected his concern that Dubai's oil, which was discovered in 1966 and which began production in 1969, would run out within a few generations. Sheikh Rashid stated "My grandfather rode a camel, my father rode a camel, I drive a Mercedes, my son drives a Land Rover, his son will drive a Land Rover, but his son will ride a camel".[6] Sheikh Rashid realized early he needed to diversify the emirate of Dubai's economy by building on the city's trading history and therefore he set out to establish Dubai as the region's trade and service hub. By 1979, he was successful in establishing the Jebel Ali Port, which became the logical shipping centre for the entire United Arab Emirates and the world's largest man-made port. He also upgraded Dubai International Airport and built the Dubai World Trade Centre, which was then the tallest building in the Middle East. By the end of the 1970s, the stage was set for the diversification of Dubai's economy away from oil and into other areas such as tourism.[7]
In 1989 the Dubai Commerce and Tourism Promotion Board was established, to promote Dubai as a luxury destination for the up-tier market and influential business sectors. In January 1997, it was replaced with the Department of Tourism and Commerce Marketing (DTCM).[8]
In May 2013, the government of Dubai launched the Dubai Tourism Strategy 2020, with the key objective to attract 20 million visitors a year by 2020 and making Dubai a first choice destination for international leisure travellers as well as business travellers.[9] In 2018, the strategy was expanded by setting new goals of attracting 21-23 million visitors in 2022 and 23-25 million visitors by 2025.[10] The key objectives from 2013 and 2018 were not met due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The need to maintain its tourism industry has hampered Dubai's response to the COVID-19 pandemic.[11] Along with COVID-19 Dubai's tourism sector has also been hurt by a greater international awareness of the status of human rights in the emirate and in particular the treatment of Princess Latifa bint Mohammed Al Maktoum.[12]
In November 2022, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid announced a national tourism strategy until 2031. The goal of the strategy is to attract Dh 100 billion in additional tourism investments (so that the tourism sector's contribution will be Dh450bn of Dubai's GDP in 2031) and receive 40 million hotel guests in 2031. The strategy includes 25 initiatives and policies to support the development of the tourism sector in the country.[13]
In April 2025, the Dubai Department of Economy and Tourism introduced a new programme offering media training to students for promotion of tourism in the UAE. Applicants are provided with flights, luxury apartment and three months of income, along with certification from Dubai College of Tourism for posting about traveling experiences in Dubai on social media. According to Middle East Eye, this program aims to whitewash its human rights violations and war crime accusations in Sudan.[14]
Visitors and visitor spending
[edit]
Since 1982, Dubai continued to be one of the fastest growing destinations for tourists. In 2002, visitors were mainly from other Gulf Cooperation Council members which accounted for 34% of tourists, South Asia accounted for 25%, other Arab states 16%, Europe 15%, and Africa 9%. In 2003, revenue from tourism exceeded $1 billion and surpassed oil revenues to directly and indirectly account for over 17% and 28% of GDP respectively.[15]
From January to June 2019 8.36 million international tourists visited Dubai. Most of the visitors were from India (997,000) followed by Saudi Arabia (755,000) and the United Kingdom (586,000).[16]
Mastercard's Global Destination Cities Index 2019 found that tourists spend more in Dubai than in any other country. In 2018, the country topped the list for the fourth year in a row with a total spend of $30.82 billion, a 3.8% increase over 2017 ($29.70 billion). The average spend per day was $553.[17]
In 2019, Dubai attracted a total of 16.73 million tourists, which was an increase of 5.09% on the previous year. However, in 2020, the number of visitors dropped to 5.51 million due to the coronavirus pandemic.[18]
Year
Total
international
visitors [19][20][21][15][22][23]
Increase/decrease
Visitor spending
($m)[24]
1982
374,400
—N/a
1990
632,903
69.04%
1991
716,642
13.23%
1992
944,350
31.77%
1993
1,088,000
15.21%
1994
1,239,000
13.88%
1995
1,601,000
29.22%
632.0
1996
1,768,000
10.43%
743.0
1997
1,792,000
1.36%
814.0
1998
2,184,000
21.88%
859.0
1999
2,481,000
13.60%
893.0
2000
3,027,000
22.01%
1,063.0
2001
3,626,625
19.81%
1,200.0
2002
4,756,280
31.15%
1,332.0
2003
4,980,228
4.71%
1,438.0
2004
5,420,000
8.83%
1,593.0
2005
6,160,003
13.65%
3,218.0
2006
6,441,670
4.57%
4,972.0
2007
6,951,798[25][26]
7.12%
6,072.0
2008
6,996,449[25]
0.64%
7,162.0
2009
7,580,000[27]
8.34%
7,352.0
2010
8,410,000
10.95%
8,577.0
2011
9,910,000
17.84%
9,204.0
2012
10,950,000
10.49%
10,924.0
2013
12,900,000
17.81%
12,389.0
2014
13,200,000
2.33%
15,221.0
2015
14,200,000
7.58%
25,587.1
2016
14,870,000
4.72%
28,657.4
2017
15,790,000
6.19%
29,705.5
2018
15,920,000
0.82%
34,609.5
2019
16,730,000
5.09%
38,413.3
2020
5,510,000[a]
-67.07%
24,615.4
2021
7,280,000[b]
32.12%
2022
14,360,000[28]
97.25%
2023
17,150,000[29]
19.4%
2024
18,720,000[30]
9.2%
Accommodation
[edit]
Main article: List of hotels in Dubai
Burj Al Arab hotel
In the last three years, Dubai saw an increase in 4 and 5 star hotels and number of rooms, but a decrease in standard hotel apartments. The total number of rooms increased by 9,098 from 2015 to 2017, an increase of 9.25%. Prior to the Expo 2020 hotels in Dubai were reducing room rates to stimulate demand as supply accelerated. Based on data of August 2019, Dubai hoteliers reported a 7.6% rise in supply against 7.4% increase in demand.[31] Average room rates stood at AED 486 in June 2019 while in the same month of 2018 average room rates were at 544 AED.[32] In July 2019, Dubai's Jumeirah Group LLC fired 500 people due to a decline in tourism. In the second quarter of 2019, hospitality sector has had the worst quarter since 2009.[33]
Hotel inventory numbers 2014-2023[19]
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Total 5 star hotels
91
96
103
113
128
134
143
151
157
Total 5 star hotel rooms
31,551
33,122
35,853
38,543
43,133
44,067
47,035
49,585
51,809
Total 4 star hotels
106
112
122
146
158
161
181
189
194
Total 4 star hotel rooms
21,208
22,990
25,289
29,908
33,120
34,905
40,377
42,505
43,283
Total 1-3 star hotels
264
267
260
260
258
225
243
270
274
Total 1-3 star hotel rooms
19,714
21,767
21,591
22,634
24,491
21,732
25,384
28,512
28,789
Total hotel apartments (deluxe/superior)
66
66
65
68
68
74
80
82
85
Total deluxe/superior rooms
9,641
9,519
9,786
10,522
10,520
11,845
12,606
13,113
13,842
Total hotel apartments (standard)
150
140
131
129
129
117
108
112
111
Total standard rooms
16,219
15,447
14,930
14,360
14,856
14,398
12,548
12,781
12,568
Total establishments
657
677
681
681
716
741
711
755
804
821
Total available rooms
92,333
98,333
102,845
107,431
115,967
126,120
126,947
137,950
146,496
150,291
Average occupancy
79%
77%
78%
78%
76%
75%
54%
67%
73%
77%
Visitor Statistics
[edit]
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Rank
Country
6/2023
2022
1
India
1,223,000
1,842,000
5
Russia
616,000
758,000
4
United Kingdom
555,000
1,043,000
3
Saudi Arabia
538,000
1,216,000
2
Oman
511,000
1,311,000
6
United States
362,000
590,000
7
Germany
329,000
422,000
17
China
260,000
177,000
10
Iran
196,000
328,000
13
Israel
196,000
239,000
8
France
180,000
364,000
11
Egypt
168,000
288,000
12
Kuwait
152,000
260,000
9
Pakistan
152,000
356,000
14
Kazakhstan
145,000
234,000
15
Italy
130,000
212,000
19
Philippines
125,000
158,000
16
Australia
121,000
184,000
18
Canada
110,000
158,000
19
Japan
110,000
148,000
Attractions
[edit]
Main article: Tourist attractions in Dubai
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Al Fahidi Fort
Aspects of Dubai's old culture, while occasionally overshadowed by the boom in economic development, can be found by visiting places around the creek, which splits Dubai into two halves, Bur Dubai and Deira. The buildings lining the Bur Dubai side of the Creek provide the main flavor of the old city. Heritage Village is one of the few remaining parts of historical Dubai, containing preserved buildings. The adjoining Diving Village offers exhibits on pearl diving and fishing. The Diving Village forms part of an ambitious plan to turn the entire "Shindagha" area into a cultural city, recreating life in Dubai as it was in days gone by.
Boats on Dubai water line night view
Other attractions include the Sheikh Saeed Al Maktoum House; the Dubai Museum in the restored Al Fahidi Fort, which was erected around 1799; and the Heritage Village of Hatta, situated 115 kilometers southeast of Dubai City in the heart of the rocky Hatta Mountains. The history of the village can be traced back 2000 – 3000 years. It consists of 30 buildings, each differing in size, interior layout and building materials used. Great care was taken to use the same materials as those used when originally built during the renovation such as mud, hay, sandalwood and palm fronds. The Sharia Mosque is an old mosque built in the early 19th century using the same building materials and consists of a large prayer hall, a court and courtyard, minaret and other utility rooms.[34] Other museums include the Al Ahmadiya School.
Shopping
[edit]
Main article: List of shopping malls in Dubai
Dubai Fountain at the Dubai Mall
Dubai has been nicknamed the "shopping capital of the Middle East."[35][36] The city draws large numbers of shopping tourists from countries within the region and from as far as Eastern Europe, Africa and the Indian Subcontinent. Dubai is known for its souk districts. Souk is the Arabic word for market or place where any kind of goods are brought or exchanged. Traditionally, dhows from the Far East, China, Sri Lanka, and India would discharge their cargo and the goods would be bargained over in the souks adjacent to the docks.[37]
Modern shopping malls and boutiques are also found in the city. Dubai Duty Free at Dubai International Airport offers merchandise catering to the multinational passengers using Dubai International Airport. Outside of Duty Free areas and major sales, Dubai has a reputation for being one of the most expensive shopping destinations in the world.[38]
While boutiques, some electronics shops, department stores and supermarkets may operate on a fixed-price basis, most other outlets consider friendly negotiation as a way of life.
Dubai's numerous shopping centres cater for every consumer's need. Cars, clothing, jewellery, electronics, furnishing, sporting equipment and any other goods will all be likely to be under the same roof.[39]
The Dubai Shopping Festival is a month-long festival held during the month of January each year. During the festival the entire emirate becomes one massive shopping mall. Additionally, the festival brings together music shows, art exhibitions, and folk dances.[40]
The Dubai Summer Surprises (DSS) is the summer version of Dubai Shopping Festival held during June, July and August. Dubai Government launched Dubai Summer Surprises in 1998 in order to promote Dubai as a family holiday destination. DSS offers fun, entertainment, food deals and great offers on shopping.
Cultural sensitivity
[edit]
See also: Culture of Dubai
Tourists are required to obey some Muslim religious restrictions in public even if they are not Muslim themselves, such as refraining from eating or drinking in public places in the daytime during Ramadan.[41]
Dubai has a modest dress code as part of its criminal law.[42] Sleeveless tops and short dresses are not encouraged at Dubai Mall.[43][44] Clothes are advised to be in appropriate lengths.[42]
Homosexuality is criminalized in Dubai, including for tourists. However, there is a vibrant underground gay scene in Dubai and authorities do not actively search for homosexuals to enforce the law.[45]
Transportation
[edit]
Main article: Transportation in Dubai
Dubai International Airport is the world's busiest airport by international passenger traffic.
Most capitals and other major cities have direct flights to Dubai. More than 120 airlines operate to and from Dubai International Airport to more than 260 destinations. Dubai International Airport is the world's busiest airport by international passenger traffic.[46] Dubai is also the home base of the airline Emirates, which operates scheduled services to more than 100 destinations.
In June 2009 Emirates designated a special handling area at departures and arrivals for passengers with special needs, allowing wheelchair passengers to receive a more personalized service.[47][better source needed]
The establishment of the first cruise terminal in Dubai in 2001 and the opening of the enhanced New Dubai Cruise Terminal in February 2010 with higher handling capacity has drawn the attention of cruise line operators. Cruises to Dubai sail from: Singapore, Sydney, Athens, Dover, Venice, Cape Town, Civitavecchia, Piraeus, Alexandria, Istanbul, New York City, Southampton, Barcelona, Fort Lauderdale, Miami, Los Angeles, Mumbai, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Monte Carlo, Mombasa, Victoria, and Cairns among others.[48][better source needed]
The United Arab Emirates has a network of roads that connect major towns and villages, including a multi-lane highway between Dubai and Abu Dhabi, with access to and from the bordering countries of Saudi Arabia and Oman. Highways and main roads in Dubai and the United Arab Emirates are designated by an Emirate Route Number. Speed limits are displayed on road signs and are usually 60–80 km/h (37–50 mph) around town and 100–120 km/h (62–75 mph) elsewhere.[49][better source needed]
Dubai ranked third in the best taxi services behind Tokyo and Singapore.[50][better source needed]
Illicit drugs
[edit]
Travelers entering Dubai are warned for harsh penalties regarding illicit drug use or smuggling. Authorities in Dubai use highly sensitive equipment to conduct thorough searches to find trace amount of illegal substances.[51] A senior Dubai judge was quoted on February 11, 2008, by the Dubai City News saying, "These laws help discourage anyone from carrying or using drugs. Even if the quantity of illegal drugs found on someone is 0.05 grams, they will be found guilty. The penalty is a minimum of four years. The message is clear — drugs will not be tolerated."[51]
Health
[edit]
Further information: Healthcare in the United Arab Emirates
No special immunizations are required, but tourists are encouraged to purchase appropriate medical insurance before travelling. Government immunization programs have led to recognition by a travel magazine.[47] As a latest addition to the established modern health care system, Dubai offers online health care contacts of virtually all medical doctors in Dubai.[52]
Sports tourism
[edit]
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Dubai hosts the following international championships:
Dubai World Cup – the richest horse race in the world
Dubai Classic - the golf championship
Barclays Dubai Tennis for both men and women
UIM World Powerboat racing
Rugby Sevens
Dubai International Rally
Dubai Snooker Classic
The UAE Desert Challenge
The Standard Chartered Dubai Marathon
See also
[edit]
United Arab Emirates portal
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Dubai.
Developments in Dubai
List of development projects in Dubai
List of tourist attractions in the United Arab Emirates
Palm Islands
Notes
[edit]
^Due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
^Due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
References
[edit]
^
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^Kelly, Liv (2 February 2024). "This surprising city was the world's most visited in 2023". TimeOut.
^"Dubai to host ATM 2024; city has 150,000 rooms and welcomed 17m tourists last year". Arabian Business. 2024-04-25. Retrieved 2024-07-15.
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^Saifi, Zeena; Defterios, John; Swan, Melanie (6 February 2021). "How Dubai is paying the price for letting in tourists". CNN. Archived from the original on 18 October 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
^Abdellatif, Reem (5 March 2021). "Dubai Faces Festering Tourism Challenges Beyond Pandemic". skift.com. Skift. Archived from the original on 16 November 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
^National, The (November 11, 2022). "Sheikh Mohammed launches national tourism strategy to attract 40m hotel guests by 2031". The National.
^"UAE launches influencer academy to 'whitewash' country's reputation, say critics". Middle East Eye. 30 April 2025.
^ abHenderson, Joan c. (2006). "Tourism in Dubai: Overcoming Barriers to Destination Development". International Journal of Tourism Research. 8 (6): 84–85. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.606.2930. doi:10.1002/jtr.557. Archived from the original on 2021-03-04. Retrieved 2023-05-25.
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^"At $30 billion, Dubai takes in the most global tourist dollars by far". Consultancy-ME. 6 September 2019. Archived from the original on 15 September 2019. Retrieved 6 September 2019.
^"Dubai Tourism Statistics - Visitor Numbers, Number Of Hotels And Rooms". Dubai Online. Archived from the original on 2022-03-09. Retrieved 2022-04-29.
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Visit Dubai Official Instagram
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tourism in Dubai.
Dubai travel guide from Wikivoyage
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About All-terrain vehicle
Light off-road vehicle
"Four-wheeler" redirects here. For four-wheeled horsedrawn vehicles, see Carriage.
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "All-terrain vehicle" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(November 2022) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
The ATV is commonly called a four-wheeler in Australia, South Africa, parts of Canada, India, and the United States. They are used extensively in agriculture, because of their speed and light footprint.
An all-terrain vehicle (ATV), also known as a light utility vehicle (LUV),[1] a quad bike or quad (if it has four wheels), as defined by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), is a vehicle that travels on low-pressure tires, has a seat that is straddled by the operator, and has handlebars, similar to a motorcycle. As the name implies, it is designed to handle a wider variety of terrain than most other vehicles. It is street-legal in some countries, but not in most states, territories and provinces of Australia, the United States, and Canada.
By the current ANSI definition, ATVs are intended for use by a single operator, but some ATVs, referred to as tandem ATVs, have been developed for use by the driver and one passenger.[2]
The rider sits on and operates these vehicles like a motorcycle, but the extra wheels give more stability at slower speeds. Although most are equipped with three or four wheels, six or eight wheel (tracked) models exist and have existed historically for specialized applications.[3] Multiple-user analogues with side-by-side seating are called utility terrain vehicles (UTVs) or side-by-sides to distinguish the classes of vehicle. Both classes tend to have similar powertrain parts. Engine sizes of ATVs for sale in the United States as of 2008 ranged from 49 to 1,000 cc (3.0 to 61 cu in).
History
[edit]
19th century
[edit]
An 1898 Royal Enfield quadricycle.
Royal Enfield built and sold the first powered four-wheeler in 1893. It had many bicycle components, including handlebars. The Royal Enfield resembles a modern ATV-style quad bike but was designed as a form of horseless carriage for road use.[4]
Six-wheeled AATVs
[edit]
Four 6x6 Polaris Big Bosses in use by members of the Norwegian Telemark Battalion during the War in Afghanistan.
The term "ATV" was originally coined to refer to non-straddle ridden, typically six-wheeled, amphibious ATVs, such as the Jiger produced by the Jiger Corporation, the Amphicat produced by Mobility Unlimited Inc, and the Terra Tiger produced by the Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company in the mid-1960s and early 1970s. With the introduction of straddle ridden ATVs, the term AATV was introduced to define the original amphibious ATV category.
Three-wheeled ATVs
[edit]
Further information: List of Honda three-wheeled all-terrain vehicles, List of Yamaha three-wheeled all-terrain vehicles, and Suzuki § All-terrain vehicles (ATVs)
The first three-wheeled ATV was the Sperry-Rand Tricart. It was designed in 1967 as a graduate project of John Plessinger at the Cranbrook Academy of Arts near Detroit. The Tricart was straddle-ridden with a sit-in rather than sit-on style (similar to the contemporaneous Big Wheel toy). In 1968 Plessinger sold the Tricart patents and design rights to Sperry-Rand New Holland who manufactured them commercially. Numerous small American manufacturers of 3-wheelers followed. These small manufacturers were unable to compete when larger motorcycle companies like Honda entered the market in 1969.
1984 Honda ATC200S, one of the many three-wheeled models made by Honda and other manufacturers
Honda introduced their first sit-on straddle-ridden three-wheeled all-terrain vehicle in 1969, known as a US90, as a 1970 Model. Variations would be popularized in the James Bond movie, Diamonds Are Forever and TV shows such as Doctor Who, Magnum, P.I. and Hart to Hart. In 1973, Honda trademarked the term "All Terrain Cycle" (ATC), applying it to all Honda's three-wheeled ATVs; it became a universal name associated with all vehicles of this type. It was directly influenced by earlier 6-wheeled AATVs of the sixties, and utilized balloon tires for both a low environmental impact and to compensate for a lack of mechanical suspension.[5]
Honda entered the 1980s with a virtual monopoly in the market, due to effective patents on design and engine placement. By 1980, other companies paid patent royalties to Honda to enter the lucrative ATC field with their own machines. Yamaha introduced their first ATC, the Tri-Moto YZ125. Kawasaki followed suit the next year with the KLT200, while Suzuki produced their first model, the ALT125, in 1982. As the popularity of ATCs increased dramatically, rapid development ensued. The ability to go anywhere on terrain that most other vehicles could not cross soon made them popular with US and Canadian hunters. As other manufacturers were entering the market, Honda was diversifying, offering the ATC250R, the first Sport ATC intended for competition, in 1981. The 1982 Honda ATC200E Big Red was a landmark model. It featured both suspension and racks, making it the first ATC designed specifically for utility, and would become the world's best-selling ATC. Honda followed that effort in 1983 with the ATC200X, an easy-to-handle 192 cc (0.192 L; 11.7 cu in) four-stroke Sport ATC that was ideal for new riders.
Not to be outdone, Kawasaki and Yamaha responded with their own Sport ATCs. 1984 saw the release of the Kawasaki KXT250 Tecate, and Yamaha followed in 1985 with the Tri-Z 250. Both were liquid cooled 250 cc two-strokes capable of giving the Honda ATC250R competition. In response to growing market, American Specialty manufacturer Tiger also introduced a series of ATCs, hand-built-to-order models that included the Tiger 500, the largest displacement ATC produced commercially. While Kawasaki and Yamaha both produced utility ATCs, famously making the KLT 250 Police and Yamahauler respectively, Suzuki turned their attention to building Sport Quads.
Honda continued to diversify their line-up (at peak offering 10 distinct models), releasing the larger, fully suspended 250 cc Big Red utility ATC, and introduced the 350X Sport ATC, their largest displacement machine, in 1985. But the bulk of their sales were the 200cc line, offering six models and selling over 500,000 units in 3 years. Honda's response to the Tecate and Tri-Z, the liquid cooled 1985 and 1986 ATC250R, remains one of the most desirable ATCs of the era, and aftermarket support still follows the machine.
U.S. manufacturers
[edit]
Main articles: Tiger ATV LTD and Polaris Scrambler 250R/es
American-based manufacturers also produced ATCs in this period, albeit in small numbers. Polaris offered the Scrambler in 1985 and 1986, producing appx 1600 units. Speciality manufacturer Tiger ATV also produced a range of ATCs, but their liquidation in 1991 left no official record of how many units were produced. The collector ATV market estimates vary drastically, from 300 to as many as 1000 units total production. Tiger ATCs were offered for three years, with models using 80 to 500 cc (0.0800 to 0.500 L; 4.88 to 30.5 cu in) two-stroke engines provided by KTM and Rotax.
The Tiger 500 is notable for being the fastest consumer ATC available, with tested top speeds of +80 mph from the stock 42 horsepower (31.3 kW)@6500rpm engine and 5 speed gearbox. With final drive gearing changes, the ATC could exceed 100 mph. However, due to the rarity of the machines the brand never became well-known, and as all Tiger Models were custom-ordered and built to the buyer's specifications for the purpose of factory ATV racing, Polaris is generally known as the first American 'Production' ATV producer.
Production pause
[edit]
Production of three-wheelers was voluntarily ceased by all manufacturers by 1987, in light of safety concerns, and ahead of any legislation.[6] Though later studies showed that three-wheelers were not considered more unstable than four-wheelers (although accidents are equally severe in both classes),[7] manufacturers agreed to a 10-year moratorium on production, and to collectively financing a +US$100 million ATV safety campaign. Despite the moratorium lifting, manufacturers did not return to the ATC market, focusing instead on four-wheeled ATVs. A ban on sales of new or used three-wheelers and a recall of all remaining three-wheelers was proposed by the American Academy of Pediatrics.[8]
These safety issues with three-wheel ATCs caused a shift in the buying public, as the sales of later four-wheel ATV models grew rapidly. While three-wheel models ended production in 1987, agreements between the major manufacturers and the US U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission to officially cease production and finance safety campaigns moved forward. While the lighter weight of ATCs made them popular with certain riders, manufacturers continued to focus on ATV production.
US Public Law 110-314
[edit]
US Public Law 110-314, enacted on August 8, 2008,[9] separated ATCs from existing new production ATV safety standards, and requires new standards for three-wheeled ATCs to be drafted. This effectively suspended importation of three-wheeled ATCs, until new standards of safety can be drafted. As of 2020, such standards have not been drafted. While search engines can find informal information suggesting major Japanese manufacturers pressed for this measure due to an influx of inexpensive Chinese ATCs in the American market, no official documentation or cited sources support these claims. Currently, all manufacturers not based in the US are restricted from the manufacture and sale of new Three-Wheeled All Terrain Cycles, until safety standards can be implemented. Below is a summary of Section 232, which effects the ATC ban.
(Sec. 232) Requires the CPSC, notwithstanding any other provision of law, to establish as a mandatory consumer product safety standard a specified American National Standard for four-wheeled all-terrain vehicles developed by the Specialty Vehicle Institute of America. Makes it unlawful for any manufacturer or distributor to import or distribute any new all-terrain vehicle unless: (1) the vehicle complies with the standard, is subject to an all-terrain vehicle action plan, and bears a label certifying such compliance and certain other information; and (2) the manufacturer or distributor is in compliance with the action plan.
Prohibits the importation of new three-wheeled all-terrain vehicles until a mandatory consumer product safety standard applicable to three-wheeled all-terrain vehicles is in effect.
Four-wheeled ATVs (since 1980)
[edit]
Apache Quad
Suzuki was a leader in the development of mass production four-wheeled ATVs. It sold the first model, the 1982 QuadRunner LT125, which was a recreational machine for beginners.
Adventure Vehicles of Monroe, Louisiana made the first quad ATV in 1980. They called it the Avenger 400. Prior to that, Adventure Vehicles made 3 wheel ATVs and a dump body utility 3 wheeler using Kohler 8 hp engines and Comet drive systems (Comet centrifugal belt-driven clutch, and a Comet forward, neutral, reverse transaxle, with a rigid rear axle or rear differential option.) The Avenger 400 was a rigid suspension vehicle with a fiberglass body and welded tube construction. It was a rudimentary vehicle reminiscent of the Tote Gote of the 1960s.[10]
Suzuki sold the first four-wheeled mini ATV, the LT50, from 1984 to 1987. After the LT50, Suzuki sold the first ATV with a CVT transmission, the LT80, from 1987 to 2006.
In 1985 Suzuki introduced to the industry the first high-performance four-wheel ATV, the Suzuki LT250R QuadRacer. This machine was in production for the 1985–1992 model years. During its production run, it underwent three major engineering makeovers. However, the core features were retained. These were: a sophisticated long-travel suspension, a liquid-cooled, two-stroke motor, and a fully-manual five-speed transmission (for 1985–1986 models), and a six-speed transmission (for the '87–'92 models). It was a machine exclusively designed for racing by highly skilled riders.
Honda responded a year later with the FourTrax TRX250R—a machine that has not been replicated until recently. It currently remains a trophy winner and competitor to big-bore ATVs. Kawasaki responded with its Tecate-4 250. The TRX250R was very similar to the ATC250R it eventually replaced and is often considered one of the greatest sport ATVs ever built.
In 1987, Yamaha Motor Company introduced a different type of high-performance machine, the Banshee 350, which featured a twin-cylinder liquid-cooled two-stroke motor from the RD350LC street motorcycle. Heavier and more difficult to ride in the dirt than the 250s, the Banshee became a popular machine with sand dune riders thanks to its unique power delivery. The Banshee remains popular, but 2006 is the last year it was available in the U.S. (due to EPA emissions regulations); it remained available in Canada until 2008 and in Australia until 2012. The Warrior 350 was introduced in 1987 and went on for years as a light and fast ATV.
Shortly after the introduction of the Banshee in 1987, Suzuki released the LT500R QuadRacer. This unique quad was powered by a 500 cc liquid-cooled two-stroke engine with a five-speed transmission. This ATV earned the nickname "Quadzilla" with its remarkable amount of speed and size. While there are claims of 100+ mph (160 km/h) stock Quadzillas, it was officially recorded by 3&4 Wheel Action magazine as reaching a top speed of over 79 mph (127 km/h) in a high-speed shootout in its 1988 June issue, making it the fastest production four-wheeled ATV ever produced. Suzuki discontinued the production of the LT500R in 1990 after just four years.
At the same time, the development of utility ATVs was rapidly escalating. The 1986 Honda FourTrax TRX350 4x4 ushered in the era of four-wheel-drive ATVs. Other manufacturers quickly followed suit, and 4x4s have remained the most popular type of ATV ever since. These machines are popular with hunters, farmers, ranchers, and workers at construction sites.
ATV with a tow spreader mounted
Models are divided into the sport and utility markets. Sport models are generally small, light, two-wheel-drive vehicles that accelerate quickly, have a manual transmission, and run at speeds up to approximately 80 mph (130 km/h). Utility models are generally bigger four-wheel-drive vehicles with a maximum speed of up to approximately 70 mph (110 km/h). They can haul small loads on attached racks or small dump beds, and tow small trailers. Due to the different weights, each has advantages on different types of terrain. A popular model is Yamaha's Raptor 700, which has a nearly 700 cc four-stroke engine.
Six-wheel models often have a small dump bed, with an extra set of wheels at the back to increase the payload capacity. They can be either four-wheel-drive (back wheels driving only), or six-wheel-drive.
In 2011 LandFighter was founded, "the first Dutch/European ATV brand". Most production is in Taiwan, to European standards; the ATVs are finally assembled in the Netherlands.
Safety and legal regulation
[edit]
Safety helmets, mandatory in some jurisdictions, provide the rider with some protection in the case of an accident.[11]
Three-wheel vehicles
[edit]
Safety courses and educational literature reduced the number and severity of accidents among ATC and ATV riders. As cornering is more challenging on a three-wheel ATC than with a four-wheeled machine, properly leaning into the turn is required to counterbalance the weight and keep the machine stable. Careless operators may roll over at high speeds. The lighter front-end and smaller footprint of ATCs present both a flipping and steering hazard under acceleration and on inclines. Lateral rollovers may also occur when traversing steep inclines. ATCs require unique techniques to ride properly, and turning lean requires more exaggeration than ATVs; Throttle steering is another technique commonly used on ATCs in soft terrain and at high speeds, leaning to the inside of the turn and manipulating the throttle to break traction with the rear tires, resulting in the machines turning on axis while maintaining a forward direction.[12][13][14]
Four-wheel vehicles
[edit]
Four-wheel quad cycles have a tendency to roll over, often injuring or killing the rider. Suitably designed roll bars can be fitted, which do not prevent the cycle from overturning, but prop it up, providing some protection for the rider.[11]
Driving an ATV on a paved road in the Netherlands
Studies and protective equipment
[edit]
Safety has been a major issue with ATVs due to the many deaths and injuries associated with them and the lack of protection due to the absence of a rigid cab.
Roll-over protection fitted 4x4 used by the US Marines Special Operations.
Modern ATVs were introduced in the early 1970s, with almost immediate alarming injury rates for children and adolescents.[15] Based on analysis of the National Trauma Data Bank, ATVs are more dangerous than dirt bikes, possibly due to crush injuries and failure to wear safety gear such as helmets.[16] They are as dangerous as motorcycles, based on mortality and injury scores.[17] More children and women, who are less likely to wear helmets, are injured on ATVs.[18]
Many common injuries can be prevented with the use of proper protective equipment.[19] Most ATV manufacturers recommend at least a suitable DOT-approved helmet, protective eyewear, gloves and suitable riding boots for all riding conditions. Sport or aggressive riders, or riders on challenging terrain (such as those rock crawling or hillclimbing), may opt for a motocross-style chest protector and knee/shin guards for further protection. Use of tires suited to a particular terrain can also play a vital role in preventing injuries.[citation needed] Fatal accidents typically occur when the vehicle rolls over.[20] Wearing a helmet can reduce the risk of death by 42% and the risk of nonfatal head injury by 64%.[21]
United States
[edit]
In the United States, statistics released by the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) show that in 2016-2020, an estimated 526,900 emergency department treated injuries were associated with off-highway vehicles (an annual average of 105,400), and up to half of these injuries involved children and youth under age 25. From 2016 to 2018, 1591 people died in ATV-associated incidents, with 28% involving children and youth under age 25.[22] Focus has shifted to machine size balanced with the usage of ATVs categorized by age ranges and engine displacements—in line with the consent decrees. ATVs are mandated to bear a label from the manufacturer stating that the use of machines greater than 90 cc by riders under the age of 12 is prohibited. This is a 'manufacturer/CPSC recommendation' and not necessarily state law. Although youth-sized ATVs are designed and available for younger riders, there are serious concerns regarding their appropriateness and safety for youth.[23]
The American Academy of Pediatrics and the CPSC recommended that children under the age of 16 should not ride ATVs.[24] In the United States, about 40,000 children under age 16 are treated in emergency departments for ATV-related injuries each year.[25] A Canadian study stated that "associated injury patterns, severity, and costs to the healthcare system" of pediatric injuries associated to ATVs resemble those caused by motor vehicles, and that public policies should reflect this. Helmets are underutilized and result in Glasgow Coma Scale scores in children presenting from ATV accidents being similar to those in motorcycle accidents.[26]
Quad bike two-wheel trick-riding on sand dune.
The Consumer Product Safety Commission met in March 2005 to discuss the dangers of ATVs. Data from 2004 showed 44,000 injuries and almost 150 fatalities in children while riding ATVs. In response to calls for further regulation, the CPSC's director of compliance, John Gibson Mullan, said that because the statistics were not rising, existing measures were working. The New York Times reported an accusation from a staff member that Mullan, who had previously worked as a lawyer for the ATV industry, had distorted the statistics and prevented further debate.[27]
The United States government maintains a website about the safety of ATVs[28] where safety tips are provided, such as not driving ATVs with a passenger (passengers make it difficult or impossible for the driver to shift their weight, as required to drive an ATV) or not driving ATVs on paved roads (ATVs usually have a solid rear axle with no differential).
In 1988, the All-terrain Vehicle Safety Institute (ASI) was formed to provide training and education for ATV riders.[29] The cost of attending the training is minimal[clarification needed] and is free for purchasers of new machines that fall within the correct age and size guidelines. Successful completion of a safety training class is, in many states, a minimum requirement for minors to be granted permission to ride on public land. Some states have had to implement their own safety training programs, as the ASI program cannot include those riders with ATVs outside of the age and size guidelines, which may still fall within the states' laws.
From January 1, 2019, the United States Consumer Product Safety Commission updated ATV lighting requirements, requiring all categories of ATVs to be equipped with a stop lamp and side reflectors similar to those required on passenger cars.[30]
In industry, agriculture workers are disproportionately at risk for ATV accidents. Most fatalities occur in white men over the age of 55.[20]
Street legality
[edit]
ATV's have the ability to be officially street legal and can be used on at least certain roads in 21 states, requirements vary by state however.[31][32]
United Kingdom
[edit]
A "quad" is recognised by UK law as a vehicle with four wheels and a mass of less than 550 kg (1,210 lb).[33][34] A quad cycle to be used on a public road in the UK must be taxed, insured and registered, and the driver must have a category B (car) or B1 (motor vehicles with 4 wheels up to 400 kg unladen or 550 kg if designed for carrying goods) licence. In the United Kingdom, the safety issues of cars classed as quad cycles are illustrated by the case of the G-Wiz (REVAi). The electric microcar was given a Euro NCAP specification test, and the results showed that the vehicle's occupants would suffer "serious or life-threatening" injuries in a 64 km/h (40 mph) crash.[35] The UK Department for Transport concluded that there were serious safety concerns when the REVA was crashed at 35 mph (56 km/h).
Australia
[edit]
After consultation with stakeholders including farmers and quad cycle manufacturers, Australia's Heads of Workplace Safety Authorities (HWSA) in 2011 released a strategy intended to reduce the number of deaths and serious injuries associated with quad-bike use.[36] The development of the report was closely followed by The Weekly Times newspaper and ABC television which reviewed the issue through its 7.30 program.[37] Apart from encouraging of standard safety measures such as helmet-wearing, the strategy also recommend development of a national training curriculum, point of sale material for purchasers and, controversially, a recommendation that owners consider fitting an after-market anti-crush device which may offer added protection in the event of a roll-over.
When the report was released the only model of anti-crush protection on the market was the Australian-made "Quadbar", which was vigorously opposed by the industry through media activity and a poster campaign at regional events for farmers which are often used to showcase new products.[38] The industry argued that the device had not been properly tested and that past studies of tractor-style ROPS such as a full-frame 'cage' around the operator were not only ineffective, but could add to the risk to injury or death.[39][40]
In February 2012, the Melbourne-based Institute for Safety, Compensation and Recovery Research (ISCRR) published a paper which criticised the research claims of the manufacturers in relation to crush protection devices. The paper reviewed research in a number of countries since 1993 in relation to rollover protection and found that the industry's opposition to rollover protection could not be supported because of limitations in past research. It recommended further research on the topic and the development of research tools based on the use of ATV/quadbikes in Australian conditions.[41]
Canada
[edit]
This section is missing information about ATV laws in various provinces. Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page.(October 2023)
ATVs in New Brunswick, Canada. Note that one of them is plated, an obligation in New Brunswick to legally cross and roll on roads for a maximum of a few hundred meters.
In most provinces, ATV users are required to register their vehicle and have a designated off-highway license plate. Some provinces, like Nova Scotia, recently moved to allow ATVs limited road shoulder usage for the purpose of travelling from one trailhead to another.[42]
Germany
[edit]
In Germany the legal situation is very unrestrictive, but complex.
Street legality and registration
[edit]
Almost, if not any manufacturer ATV registered at the KBA (Kraftfahrtbundesamt) can be registered for road use in Germany. Vehicle-taxes, insurance and a number plate as well as a MOT (TÜV) are required.
Quads can be accredited in two different ways in Germany. Usually they are taxed and insured as a regular automobile, which results in the tax being calculated by emissions and displacement in 100ccm steps. ATVs registered as an automobile have to be restricted to a power output of 20 hp/15 kW and are allowed to be driven with a passenger, provided a passenger seat is registered in the vehicle papers.
The quad must have at least one rear mirror on the left side, minimum 10x5cm. Right side mirror is optional.
The vehicle must have a high-/low-beam headlight, brake light, indicators, a number plate mount on front and back, and a horn.
ATVs under 400 kilograms (880 lb) do not need a reverse gear. Over 400 kilograms (880 lb) empty weight, a reverse gear and reverse light are required.
The maximum engine noise restrictions depend on date of first registration and engine displacement.
On the other hand, ATVs can be registered "as agricultural and silvicultural" (LoF/Land- oder Forstwirtschaftlich) giving the owner some benefits: The quad can be driven with power outputs more than 20 hp and tax is much cheaper, being calculated by empty weight. The insurance cost is much lower than for other agricultural vehicles and ATVs,.
However, there are some restrictions and requirements for registering ATVS as an agricultural vehicle:
the ATV may never be driven with a passenger, even if a passenger seat is available.
in addition to the street registration requirements, it needs:
additional hazard flashers
a rear fog light
a minimum of 2 headlights
a trailer coupling including electric kit for trailer lighting.
a reverse gear, even under 400 kg empty weight
Customization
[edit]
Custom builds and engine replacements are possible to get street legal, by undergoing a single-acceptance procedure from the MOT(TÜV). This results in some custom quads popularly sporting 4-cycle motorcycle engines street legal. A common example are Yamaha Raptor 700 Conversions to a Yamaha 1000 cc engine from the early Yamaha Fazer and R1.
Driving license
[edit]
ATVS are mostly treated as a regular automobile in Germany, which means no special-vehicle or motorcycle licence is needed. The regular driving license class B (multiple track motorised vehicles up to 3.5 tons) is sufficient even for LoF registered vehicles. Consequently, until 2013, quads could be driven only by people at least 18 years old with a drivers license. People under 18 may have a 50 cc or 125 cc bike license, but this does not allow them to drive quad bikes.
In 2013 the class AM licence was introduced, allowing 16-year-olds to drive microcars that do not exceed a speed of 50 km/h (such as the infamous Ellenator); this permits the use of an ATV limited to 50 cc with a top speed not exceeding 45 km/h
Special restrictions
[edit]
As quad bikes were treated as automobiles, wearing a helmet was not required until January 2006, when helmets became required for ATVs, three-wheelers, trikes, etc. No additional protective gear is required.
Officially, driving a quad requires the owner to always carry a hazard triangle and a first-aid kit, and a reflective vest if the quad is registered as an agricultural vehicle. Due to the lack of storage room, police usually don't check the back of the vehicle[clarification needed], but if they lack the required equipment, they may be prosecuted.
Environmental issues
[edit]
Emissions
[edit]
ATVs accounted for 58% of the SI (spark ignited) recreational vehicles in the US in the year 2000. That year, recreational SI vehicles produced 0.16% of NOx, 8% of HC, 5% of CO and 0.8% of PM emissions for all vehicles, both highway and nonroad. As a point of comparison, the nonroad SI < 19 kW (~25 hp) category (small spark ignition engines such as lawnmowers) comprised 20% of HC and 23% of CO total emissions.[43] While recreational SI vehicles produce an aggregate of <4% of all HC emissions in the US, based on the relatively small population of ATVs (<1.2M) and small annual usage (<350 hrs), EPA emission regulations now include such engines, starting with the model year 2006. Engines meeting these standards now produce only 3% of the HC emissions that previously unregulated engines did.[44]
Terrain damage
[edit]
Plinked sign in a Special Areas of Conservation in Ireland, indicating that ATVs are forbidden.
While the deep treads on some ATV tires are effective for navigating rocky, muddy and root covered terrain, these treads are also capable of digging channels that may drain bogs, increase sedimentation in streams at crossings and damage groomed snowmobile trails. Proper trail construction techniques can mitigate these effects.[45]
In some countries where fencing is not common, such as the US, Canada and Australia, some ATV riders knowingly cross privately owned property in rural areas and travel over public or private properties, although only permitted on trails. Subsequently, environmentalists criticize ATV riding as a sport for excessive use in areas which biologists consider to be sensitive, especially wetlands and sand dunes and in much of inland Australia.
Because both scientific studies and U.S. National Forest Service personnel have identified unregulated Off-Road Vehicles (ORVs) as the source of major detrimental impacts on national forests, the U.S. Forest Service is currently engaged in the Travel Management Process, wherein individual forests are restricting all off-road motorized travel to approved trails and roads.[45] This is in contrast to its previously allowed, unregulated cross-country travel across all national forest lands, except for specifically designated wilderness areas. Although ORVs had been identified 30 years ago as a threat to wild ecosystems by the Forest Service, only after pressure by an unlikely alliance of environmentalists, private landowners, hunters, ranchers, fishermen, quiet recreationists and forest rangers themselves (who identified ORVs as a "significant law enforcement problem" in national forests).[46]
Other uses
[edit]
Rider cleaning an ATV at a U.S. Forest Service pressure washer station to prevent the spread of invasive plants.[47]
ATVs using tracks instead of wheels are used at France's Cap Prudhomme in Antarctica.[48]
ATVs are also used in agriculture to bridge the advantages of trucks and tractors.[20]
They are used in a variety of industries for their maneuverability and off-roading ability. These include:[20]
Border control
construction
emergency medical services
land management
law enforcement
military
mineral exploration
oil exploration
pipeline transport
search and rescue
forestry
surveying
wild land fire control
Sport competition
[edit]
ATV racing on a motocross trackFlip during the Klaperjaht off-road race in Estonia, 2009
Sport models are built with performance, rather than utility, in mind. To be successful at fast trail riding, an ATV must have light weight, high power, good suspension and a low center of gravity. These machines can be modified for such racing disciplines as motocross, woods racing (also known as cross country), desert racing (also known as Hare Scrambles), hill climbing, ice racing, speedway, Tourist Trophy (TT), flat track, drag racing and others.
Throughout the United States and the United Kingdom there are many quad racing clubs with enduro and quadcross sections. GNCC Racing began around 1980 and includes hare scramble and enduro type races. To date, events are mainly held in the eastern part of the United States. GNCC racing features many types of obstacles such as, hill climbing, creek and log crossings, dirt roads and wooded trails.
ATV National Motocross Championship[49] was formed around 1985. ATVMX events are hosted at premiere motocross racetracks throughout the United States. ATVMX consists of several groups, including the Pro (AMA Pro) and Amateur (ATVA) series. Friday involves amateur practicing and racing on Saturday and Sunday. Saturday also involves racing for the Pro Am Women and Pro Am Unlimited classes. Sunday involves racing for the Pro and Pro Am production ATVs, but are scored separately. On average weekend over 500 racers will compete.
The FIM organizes the Quadcross of Nations at the end of the year. The competition involves teams of three riders representing their nations. There are three motos with two riders of each nation competing per moto. The location of the event changes from year to year.
Championship Mud Racing/CMR saw its infancy in 2006 as leaders of the ATV industry recognized a need for uniformity of classes and rules of various local mud bog events. Providing standardized rules created the need for a governing body that both racers and event promoters could turn to and CMR was born. Once unified, a true points series was established and lead to a national championship for what was once nothing more than a hobby for most. In 2007 the finalized board of directors was established and the first races were held in 2008. Currently, the CMR schedule includes eight competition dates spanning from March to November. Points are awarded throughout the season in several different competition classes of ATV and SxS Mud Racing. The 2008 year included Mud Bog and Mudda-Cross competitions, but the 2009 and future seasons will only have Mudda-Cross competitions. Classes range from 0–499 cc to a Super-Modified class which will allow any size ATV in competition. The ultimate goal of the CMR is "to see the growth of ATV Mud Racing as a competitive sport and give competitors a pedestal upon which they can receive the recognition from national media and industry sponsors that they have long deserved."[50]
In 2005 the FIM Cross-Country Rallies World Championship started with a Quad Championship and the Dakar Rally added the Quad category in 2008. Because the 2008 Dakar Rally was cancelled, the 2009 Dakar Rally was the first Dakar Rally with Quads.
Amateur and professional three-wheeler racing across the United States has also spiked in popularity once again, at levels not seen since the factory teams raced in the 1980s. Part of the appeal is the cheapness of parts, and how easy it is to get into. Races are held at various local and large venues, particularly in Ohio, New York, Pennsylvania, Arizona, Michigan and California. Payouts are sometimes awarded to winners.
Each year in June, the world's biggest three-wheeler gathering is held at Haspin Acres, in Laurel, Indiana, for the Trikefest event. Over the course of 3 days complete with camping, hundreds of people gather for the event which features competitive racing such as MX style racing, drag racing, mud racing, hill climbs and other events. For those who wish not to compete, there are also many trails a person can ride. as many as 100 or more three-wheelers show up each year, some built and restored to be raffled off, others brought to ride.
The fastest speed recorded on a quad cycle, or ATV given a flying start, is 315.74 km/h (196.19 mph), by Terry Wilmeth (USA), at the Madras Airport in Madras, Oregon, USA, on 15 June 2008.[51]
See also
[edit]
Amphibious ATV
Car
Dune buggy
John Deere
Motorcycle
Motorized tricycle
Motorized quadcycle
Non-road engine
Off-road vehicle
Side-by-side vehicle (SSV)
Tomcar
Quadricycle (EU vehicle classification)
References
[edit]
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^"Standards for All Terrain Vehicles and Ban of Three-Wheeled All Terrain Vehicles; Proposed Rule". Consumer Product Safety Commission (Federal Register). 10 August 2006. Archived from the original on 13 January 2008. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
^"How Many Wheels Did The Original ATV Have? – ATV Trail Reviews". 24 August 2021. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
^"Royal Enfield Owners Club | bicycledeport.com". Archived from the original on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 28 January 2015. Royal Enfield Early History
^Chris Cooper. "ATC90 History". Archived from the original on 16 December 2006. Retrieved 2 January 2007.
^Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (March 2008). "All-terrain vehicle fatalities—West Virginia, 1999–2006". Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 57 (12): 312–5. PMID 18368006.
^Ganos D, Crady S, Poortenga S, Hoffman G, Mann R (July 1988). "Trauma associated with three- and four-wheeled all-terrain vehicles: is the four-wheeler an unrecognized health hazard?". The American Surgeon. 54 (7): 429–33. PMID 3389591.
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^"110th Congress (2007-2008): Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008, H.R.4040". US Congress. 14 August 2008.
^First ever made ATV brought back to life Avenger 400, 25 October 2017, archived from the original on 13 November 2021, retrieved 24 July 2021
^ abTapper, James (7 January 2024). "UK ministers in 'embarrassing climbdown' over claims quad bike roll bars increase injury risk". the Guardian.
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^Phend, Crystal (6 October 2010). "ACS: Off-Road Injuries Worse With Four-Wheelers". MedPage Today.
^Acosta JA, Rodríguez P (August 2003). "Morbidity associated with four-wheel all-terrain vehicles and comparison with that of motorcycles". The Journal of Trauma. 55 (2): 282–84. doi:10.1097/01.TA.0000080525.77566.ED. PMID 12913638. S2CID 20526432.
^Fonseca AH, Ochsner MG, Bromberg WJ, Gantt D (November 2005). "All-terrain vehicle injuries: are they dangerous? A six-year experience at a level I trauma center after legislative regulations expired". The American Surgeon. 71 (11): 937–40, discussion 940–1. doi:10.1177/000313480507101107. PMID 16372612. S2CID 21477280.
^"ATV Accidents | Injury Information.com – Information about Injuries, Treatment, and Rehabilitation". www.injuryinformation.com. Retrieved 19 January 2018.
^ abcdHelmkamp, Jim (24 October 2012). "All-terrain Vehicles and Work". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH). Retrieved 22 January 2015.
^"The Ultimate Guide How to Drive an ATV Safely Like a Pro". Rockon Recreation Rentals. 2 June 2023. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
^Topping, John (November 2021). "2021 Report of Deaths and Injuries Involving Off-Highway Vehicles with More than Two Wheels" (PDF). www.cpsc.gov. Retrieved 23 April 2024.
^Khorsandi, Farzaneh; Wong, Jordan; de Moura Araujo, Guilherme (September 2025). "Is it safe for children to ride youth-sized all-terrain vehicles?". Journal of Safety Research. 94: 216–228. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2025.06.006.
^Brown RL, Koepplinger ME, Mehlman CT, Gittelman M, Garcia VF (March 2002). "All-terrain vehicle and bicycle crashes in children: epidemiology and comparison of injury severity". Journal of Pediatric Surgery. 37 (3): 375–80. doi:10.1053/jpsu.2002.30826. PMID 11877651.
^"ATV riding is not childs play" (PDF). CultivateSafety.org. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
^Miller B, Baig M, Hayes J, Elton S (September 2006). "Injury outcomes in children following automobile, motorcycle, and all-terrain vehicle accidents: an institutional review". J. Neurosurg. 105 (3 Suppl): 182–6. doi:10.3171/ped.2006.105.3.182. PMID 16970230.
^Eric Lipton (2 September 2007). "Safety Agency Faces Scrutiny Amid Changes". The New York Times. Retrieved 26 December 2007.
^ATVsafety.gov
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^"Federal Register :: Request Access". 27 February 2018.
^"Your full driving license" (PDF). DVLA. 18 August 2006. Archived from the original on 10 October 2008. Retrieved 16 April 2008.
^"Quad bikes: the rules". Government of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 25 July 2013.
^"G-Wiz crash test news – Electric shock". Top Gear. 9 May 2007. Archived from the original on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 28 February 2008.
^Quad Bike Industry Solutions Program Trans-Tasman Working Group Archived 5 November 2011 at the Wayback Machine
^"7.30". ABC. 13 September 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
^"Google Image Result for". 16 June 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
^Griffiths, Rhys (5 November 2012). "FCAI Moves to De-Bunk ATV Roll-Over Protection Myths" (Press release). Federal Chamber of Automotive Industries. Archived from the original on 28 September 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2012.
^"ATV Safety". 23 August 2011. Retrieved 18 November 2012 – via YouTube.
^"Quad bike safety devices – case study". Institute for Safety, Compensation and Recovery Research (ISCRR). Archived from the original on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 26 June 2014.
^"Nova Scotia to allow off-road vehicles to drive along road shoulders between trails". SaltWire. 29 September 2023. Retrieved 19 October 2023.
^"Emission Modeling for Recreational Vehicles" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 30 July 2004. Retrieved 21 September 2006.
^"EPA Regulatory Announcement on ATV emission standards" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 March 2003. Retrieved 21 September 2006.
^ ab"36 CFR Parts 212, 251, 261, and 295; RIN 0596–AC11; Travel Management; Designated Routes and Areas for Motor Vehicle Use" (PDF). Federal Register. U.S. Forest Service. 9 November 2005.
^"Flyrodreel.com". Archived from the original on 7 September 2008. Retrieved 28 August 2008.
^Fox, Cathy (7 July 2009). "ATV power wash station helping to wash out invasive plants on the Chequamegon-Nicolet NF". United States Department of Agriculture - Forest Service.
^Eacott, John. Stunning Antarctica. Date: 20 November 2009. Retrieved 30 January 2011.
^ATVmotorcross.com
^"CMR – About – Championship Mud Racing". Archived from the original on 6 March 2009. Retrieved 24 January 2010.
^Glenday, Craig (2013). Guinness World Records 2014. The Jim Pattison Group. pp. 101. ISBN 978-1-908843-15-9.
External links
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to All-terrain vehicles.
Years Ahead of its Time, The Standard Jungle Airborne Buggy (JAB) pre-dated the Japanese all-terrain-vehicle revolution by 35 years but it never made it into production.
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About Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates
Great camping spot.
On a hot day 41° it wasn't as bad as we expected.
We were picked up from a location far away which is very convenient.
We arrive at the location, and we transfer to offroad car, the driver wasn't fun at all that's why I gave 4 star, he wasn't speeding or doing aggressive maneuvers. I've been to other safari's and the sand was flying and hitting the windows.
We arrive at camp and they told us we have food, sheesha, sand boarding, camel ride, henna, and soft drinks for free.
But they will negotiate everything to pay extra.
Extra for camel ride for extra time.
Extra for food to stay VIP on top of the camping, extra for sheesha to take it to ur table, extra to give you pic with camel, extra to sell you arabian dress, extra for bigger henna.
The experience was very nice. We enjoyed the sunset, didn't get the chance to snowboard or try sheesha.
The food was acceptable.
One of the best Desert Safari organizers in Dubai, highly recommended. They do it in a very professional manner. They are always on time, the drivers are more than qualified to give you the full dune bashing experience with the sense of responsibility to the guests safety. The vehicles are in a high condition to give the guests the comfort needed during the journey from the pick up point and during every moment of the trip. The location of the camp is taking in consideration the weather condition. The food quality and quantity is high and the show is interesting. The bathroom condition is great, neat and clean and in a convenient spot within the camp. All this for a very reasonable and competitive price.
Arabian Nights Tours Camp in Abu Dhabi, UAE, offers an immersive desert adventure experience. Located in the heart of the Arabian desert, the camp provides guests with a traditional Bedouin-style setting, complete with comfortable tents and authentic decor. Visitors can enjoy a range of activities, including dune bashing, camel rides, and sandboarding. The camp also features cultural entertainment such as belly dancing, henna painting, and traditional music. Guests are treated to a sumptuous buffet of Arabic cuisine under the stars, making for a memorable and picturesque desert experience. Arabian Nights Tours Camp combines adventure, culture, and relaxation in a stunning desert landscape.
It was an amazing experience driving through the desert with a 4x4, having a great dinner in the camp with good entertainment. And our driver Mohammed was awesome: very friendly, always pointing out interesting things to see and thankfully very skilled when driving through the dunes.
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates
Desert Safari Dubai - Dune Buggy Rental & ATV Quad Bike Tours - Marasi Drive - Dubai - United Arab Emirates, Lake Central Tower 4th Floor - Office 404 مراسي درايف - الخليج التجاري - دبي - United Arab Emirates