Landscaping Genesee

Landscaping Genesee

Get your Denver landscape installed so beautifully even the squirrels will stop to admire it.

Overview of Landscaping Services in Genesee



Okay, the user wants a short essay about landscaping services in Genesee. Let me start by brainstorming the main points. I need to make it sound human, so I should avoid being too formal. They mentioned adding some grammatical errors, so I shouldnt make it perfect. Maybe use contractions like dont or theyre. Also, include parentheses for asides and an exclamation mark somewhere. Need to use negation and avoid repetition.

First, Ill introduce the topic. Maybe start with something like If you're looking to spruce up your yard... Thats conversational. Then mention different services like lawn care, tree trimming, maybe seasonal stuff. Use a parenthesis to add a thought, like (let's be real, who has time for that?). Add an exclamation mark when talking about the benefits, like It's a game-changer!

Next, talk about the local aspect. Mention Genesees climate and how local companies know the soil and weather. Use a contraction here, like They've got the know-how. Maybe a negation, like You don't have to be a green thumb...

Then, include a negative point, like some people thinking its too pricey, but counter with cost-effective options. Use but here's the kicker as an interjection. End with a call to action, maybe So why wait? Let those weeds know they're not welcome!

Check for grammatical errors: maybe a missing comma, or a run-on sentence. Make sure to vary sentence structure. Avoid repeating words like services too much. Use synonyms like expertise or know-how. Add some casual phrases like truth be told or let's face it.

Wait, did I include all the users requirements? Let me check again. Grammatical errors: yes, like they're vs their, maybe a misplaced comma. Parentheses: yes. Exclamation mark: yes. Contractions: dont, they've, you're. Negation: You don't have to, but here's the kicker (it's often more affordable than you think). Avoid repetition: used different terms for services. Interjections: Let's be real, So why wait?.

I think that covers it. Now, put it all together in a natural flow without markdown. Keep paragraphs short. Make sure its around 100-150 words. Let me read through again to ensure it sounds human and meets all the criteria.

If you're looking to spruce up your yard, Genesee's landscaping services might just be your ticket. Let's face it, not everyone's a horticulturist (trust me, I've tried and failed with cacti), but local pros can turn your plot into a lush oasis. From pruning those unruly hedges to planting seasonal blooms, they handle the grime while you sip iced tea on the porch! It's a game-changer, especially when autumn rolls in and leaves decide to stage a rebellion.


Truth be told, some folks think landscaping's a luxury, but here's the kicker-it's often cheaper than you'd guess. You don't need to break the bank for a pretty yard, though quality work ain't free. Many companies offer tailored plans, so whether you want a wildflower meadow or a sleek, modern look, there's something for everyone. Just don't expect them to magic away that stubborn stump; sometimes, nature wins.


So why wait? Let those weeds know they're not welcome! Genesee's got the crew to make your outdoor space shine.

Popular Landscaping Trends in Genesee


Landscaping Genesee, eh? Well, youre probably wondering about the popular landscaping trends round here. It aint all just perfectly manicured lawns anymore, you know? People are gettin a little more creative!


Firstly, theres a huge push for native plants. Folks are realizing that non-native species, while pretty, just dont do much for the local ecosystem. Think wildflowers, sturdy grasses (like switchgrass, perhaps?) and trees that actually thrive in our climate. Its not only lower maintenance, but its also great for the bees and butterflies – and who doesnt love a butterfly garden?!


Then, youve got the whole outdoor living space thing. (Its a trend thats been goin on for a while, Ill admit.) Were talkin patios, fire pits, outdoor kitchens... the whole shebang. Its like bringing your living room outside. People are really investin in makin their backyards an extension of their homes. And let me tell you, a well-designed patio can seriously increase your property value!


Water features are still popular, yup, though people are movin away from big, extravagant fountains and towards more naturalistic ponds or even just simple bird baths. It aint about showin off, its about creating a peaceful, relaxing atmosphere.


And finally, theres a growing interest in edible landscaping. I mean, why just have pretty flowers when you can also have herbs, vegetables, and fruit trees?! Its practical, sustainable, and (obviously) delicious! Imagine, a garden that looks good and feeds you!


So, yeah, thats kinda the gist of it. Its not just about lookin good; its about bein sustainable, creating usable spaces, and attracting wildlife. Its pretty cool, actually!

Sustainable Landscaping Practices


Sustainable landscaping practices are becoming more and more important, especially in areas like Genesee, where the natural beauty is something we all cherish. It's not just about making a yard look pretty; it's about creating an environment that works in harmony with nature. Many people don't realize how their landscaping choices can impact the local ecosystem, but it's true!


For instance, using native plants is a key component of sustainable landscaping. These plants are adapted to the local climate and soil conditions, so they require less water and fewer chemicals to thrive. It's a win-win situation! Some homeowners might think that native plants aren't as colorful or appealing, but that's just not correct. There's a wide variety of native flora that can create stunning landscapes without putting a strain on the environment.


Another practice that shouldn't be overlooked is the use of organic fertilizers and pest control methods. Chemical fertilizers can leach into our waterways and cause pollution, which is something we definitely don't want. By opting for organic solutions, folks can maintain their gardens without harming the environment. Plus, it's often safer for pets and children, which is a big deal for many families.


Moreover, sustainable landscaping isn't just about plants. It also involves smart water management. Collecting rainwater in barrels for irrigation is a great way to conserve water. Many people think it's too much hassle, but it really isn't! With a little planning, you can set up a system that saves you money and helps the planet at the same time.


In conclusion, adopting sustainable landscaping practices in Genesee is not just beneficial for the environment; it can enhance the beauty and functionality of our outdoor spaces. By making thoughtful choices, we can create landscapes that not only look good but also support our local wildlife and ecosystems. So, why not give it a shot? You'll be surprised at how much of a difference it can make!

Choosing the Right Plants for Genesees Climate



Okay, the user wants me to write a short essay on choosing the right plants for Genesees climate for the landscaping topic. They specified it should sound human-like with some grammatical errors, contractions, interjections, and an exclamation mark. Let me start by brainstorming the key points.

First, I need to mention Genesees climate. Maybe its cold winters and short growing seasons. I should talk about hardy plants like conifers or perennials. Also, consider soil type and sunlight. Maybe add some examples of plants, like hydrangeas or daylilies. I need to include a negation, so perhaps something like dont go for tropical plants. Make sure to avoid repetition, so vary the wording. Use contractions like dont and cant. Throw in a parenthetical thought, maybe about checking with a nursery. End with an exclamation mark, maybe when talking about the garden coming to life. Let me check if Im hitting all the requirements: grammatical errors? Maybe drop an article or use a wrong preposition. Add an interjection like Oh! or Well,. Make it flow naturally, not too formal. Avoid markdown and HTML. Alright, lets piece this together.

Choosing plants for Genesee's climate can be a bit tricky, but hey, it's not impossible! First off, you've gotta consider the chill factor-winters here can be brutal, so don't go planting something that can't handle the cold. (I learned that the hard way when my rose bushes turned into matchsticks last February.) Hardy perennials like daylilies or coneflowers are your friends, folks. They stick around, even when the temperature dips.


Now, if you're thinking about shrubs, forget the ones that demand tropical vibes. Go for something like junipers or boxwoods-they'll survive the frost and still look decent. Oh, and don't overlook the soil! It's rocky here in parts, so pick plants that don't need rich dirt to thrive. Sedums, for example, are like the superheroes of landscaping-they take what they can get.


Light matters too. If your yard's shady, avoid sun-lovers like hydrangeas. Instead, try hostas or ferns (they're basically the Batman and Robin of the shade garden). And hey, don't forget about the deer! Yeah, they'll nibble anything that's not nailed down, so maybe steer clear of peonies unless you've got a fence taller than your neighbor's gossip.


In the end, it's all about trial and error. You might kill a few plants before you find the right fit, but that's part of the fun! (Or maybe I'm just delusional.) Just remember: slow down, do a bit of research, and don't panic when a frost warning pops up. With the right picks, your garden can look amazing even in Genesee's infamous winters-what a thrill that is!

Hardscaping Options for Your Outdoor Space



Okay, the user wants a short essay on Hardscaping Options for Your Outdoor Space, specifically for Landscaping in Genesee. Let me start by understanding the key elements here. They mentioned making it sound human-like with some grammatical errors, contractions, interjections, and an exclamation mark. Also, avoid repetition and use negation.

First, I need to brainstorm hardscaping ideas common in Genesee. Maybe patios, walkways, retaining walls, and maybe some water features? Since Genesee is a real place, I should consider the local climate and materials. Hardscaping is about non-plant elements, so I need to list different options.

Let me make sure to include some contractions like dont, cant, youll, to make it sound casual. Interjections like Oh, Well, and an exclamation like Wow! would add a human touch. Need to add a few grammatical errors, but not too many to still be understandable. Maybe misuse a preposition or a subject-verb agreement error.

Avoid repeating words. Instead of saying patio multiple times, refer to it as stone area or seating spot. Use negation to emphasize points, like don't forget or won't stick out.

Structure-wise, start with an intro about transforming the outdoor space. Then list different hardscaping options with examples. Mention materials like stone, gravel, pavers. Maybe discuss how they complement the landscape and handle the local terrain. Add a conclusion encouraging the reader to act.

Check for the exclamation mark. Maybe when talking about a unique feature like a fire pit. Also, use parentheses for extra thoughts, like (who doesn't love a good fire pit?).

Need to ensure the essay flows naturally, with each paragraph connecting. Let me start drafting, keeping sentences varied and inserting the required elements. Make sure not to use markdown and keep the language conversational. Let me read through once to catch any repetition or errors, then adjust as needed.

Hardscaping your outdoor space in Genesee can totally transform your yard from drab to fab! Best Landscaper Denver Colorado. I mean, who doesn't want a spot where they can relax without worrying about muddy feet or tripping over roots? (Okay, maybe some people prefer the wild look, but let's be real-most of us want a bit of order.) Think about patios, walkways, or even retaining walls to add structure.

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Oh, and don't forget gravel or pavers; they're not just for show-they actually help with drainage, which is a big deal in this area.


Now, if you're thinking “But I love my plants!” then hardscaping won't clash. Just balance it out with some softscaping (flowers, shrubs, you know). However, you gotta pick materials that fit your vibe. Stone? It's classic but pricey. Concrete? Cheaper but maybe not as cozy. If you're on a budget, maybe start small-like a garden path or a fire pit area. (Who doesn't love a good fire pit?) Just make sure it matches your home's style, or else it'll stick out like a sore thumb.


Wait, but what about the weather? Genesee gets its share of snow and rain, right? So, avoid features that'll crack or erode. Oh, and if you're not a DIY type, don't try to tackle everything alone. Hiring a pro might cost extra, but it'll save you headaches in the long run. Trust me, a well-planned hardscape makes your outdoor space functional and beautiful. So, what are you waiting for? Let's get digging (or at least talking to a landscaper)!

Maintenance Tips for a Beautiful Landscape


Creating a beautiful landscape in Genesee is no small feat, but with some simple maintenance tips, you can keep it looking fantastic year-round! First off, you definitely don't wanna neglect your lawn. Regular mowing is key to a healthy yard. But don't cut it too short, or you might stress the grass (and we want it to thrive, not just survive!).


Watering is another crucial aspect.

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Its best to water early in the morning or late in the afternoon. You wouldn't want to waste water (or have it evaporate too quickly). Plus, deep watering encourages roots to grow deeper, which is what you want! Fertilizing your plants is also important, but be careful not to overdo it. Too much fertilizer can harm your plants more than help them.


Now, let's talk about weeds. Ugh! Those pesky little things can ruin a perfectly manicured garden. Regularly pulling them out (roots and all!) will make a huge difference. And don't forget about pruning. It's not just for looks; it helps with growth and air circulation too.


Mulching is another tip that can't be overlooked. It not only keeps weeds at bay but also helps retain moisture in the soil. It's like giving your plants a cozy blanket! And remember, seasonal changes mean you'll need to adjust your maintenance routine.


In Genesee, we experience different weather patterns, so staying on top of seasonal tasks is essential. Just because it looks good now doesn't mean it'll stay that way without some care. So, get out there and show your landscape some love; you'll be amazed at how a little effort can create a stunning outdoor space!

Cost Considerations for Landscaping Projects



Okay, I need to write a short essay about cost considerations for landscaping projects in Genesee, with a human-like tone. Let me start by brainstorming the main points. First, the user wants grammatical errors to make it sound natural. I should avoid being too formal. Use contractions like dont or its. Maybe add some parentheses for asides.

They also want a mix of negation, so I can use words like cant or didnt realize. Need an exclamation mark somewhere, maybe when talking about savings. Avoid repetition of key terms. Maybe mention different aspects like labor, materials, maintenance. Also, include some local elements about Genesee, like soil type or climate affecting costs.

I should start with an intro that grabs attention. Then discuss planning, materials, labor, unexpected costs. Add a note about hiring professionals vs. DIY. Maybe mention seasonal factors. End with a conclusion that ties it all together. Let me make sure to include some interjections like Oh, and or Well, heres the thing. Check for contractions and natural flow. Avoid markdown, just plain text. Let me put it all together now, making sure to sound like a real person with some errors.

When tackling a landscaping project in Genesee, you gotta weigh the costs, right? I mean, who hasn't stared at a budget and thought, “How the heck did this get so expensive?” Let's face it-landscaping isn't just about pretty plants; it's a juggling act of labor, materials, and time. First off, materials can really add up. You might think, “I'll just grab a few local rocks,” but wait-those “lovely” boulders from the quarry? They'll cost an arm and a leg to deliver! Oh, and don't even get me started on soil prep. If the dirt's all sandy or clay-heavy (which it often is around here), you'll need amendments, which isn't cheap.


Then there's labor. Hiring pros is expensive, but doing it yourself without the know-how? That can backfire fast. I bet you didn't realize that a single hour of a landscaper's time costs more than your weekend Netflix plan! Plus, if you rush the job, you might end up redoing it later, which defeats the whole point of saving money.


Neglecting maintenance costs is a big no-no too. Plants don't stay adorable forever; they grow, they need pruning, and yeah, they might even demand irrigation systems. For crying out loud, that's an extra $2k you didn't budget for! And let's not forget seasonal quirks in Genesee. If you plant in winter, you'll probably need extra mulch or covers-talk about a surprise expense.


So, what's the takeaway? Plan ahead, prioritize, and don't skimp on the basics. Yeah, it's tempting to go all out, but sometimes less is more. After all, you don't want your dream yard to turn into a financial nightmare!

Finding the Right Landscaping Contractor in Genesee



Okay, the user wants me to write a short essay about finding the right landscaping contractor in Genesee. Let me start by understanding the requirements. They want it to sound human-like, so I need to use a natural tone. There are specific elements to include: grammatical errors, parentheses, an exclamation mark, negation, contractions, interjections, and avoid repetition and markup.

First, I should outline the main points. Maybe start with the importance of landscaping, then the challenge of finding the right contractor. Highlight some key factors like experience, reputation, and communication. Add some personal touches, like a friends experience, to make it relatable.

Now, how to incorporate the required elements. Grammatical errors – perhaps a few minor ones, like subject-verb agreement or preposition mistakes. Use parentheses for asides, like explaining a term. The exclamation mark could be in a positive statement. Negation would be phrases like dont just or dont skip. Contractions to make it sound conversational, like youll or its. Interjections like Oh or Well can add a human feel.

Avoid repetition by varying vocabulary. Instead of repeating contractor, maybe use pro or expert. Check that I'm not overusing any words. Also, make sure the essay flows naturally without being too structured.

Let me start drafting. Maybe begin with a statement about landscaping transforming spaces. Then mention the hassle of choosing a contractor. Use a contraction like Its to start. Add an interjection like Well, to introduce a point. Include a parenthetical about checking references. Use an exclamation mark when talking about a friends good experience. Make sure theres a negation like dont skip when talking about contracts.

Check for grammatical errors. Maybe a misplaced comma or a missing article. For example, youll need to look instead of you need to look. Another error could be a preposition, like check their references (you can't go wrong there!). Wait, thats correct. Maybe a run-on sentence.

Let me read through again. Ensure the essay is around 100-150 words. Keep it concise but cover all points. Add a friendly closing with an interjection like Oh! and a tip about trusting instincts. Make sure not to use any markdown, just plain text. Okay, that should cover all the requirements.

Finding the right landscaping contractor in Genesee can feel overwhelming, but it's totally worth the effort (trust me, I've been there!). First off, don't just pick the cheapest option; you'll likely regret it later. Check their experience-how long have they been around? Ask for references (you can't go wrong there!). Oh, and don't skip the contract! My friend once hired a pro who vanished after day one, and let me tell you, it was a nightmare.


Look for someone who listens, not just one who talks. Can they visualize your dream yard? Do they offer seasonal plans? It's easy to say “yes, yes!” but watch out for vague answers. A good contractor will ask questions back, like what style you crave or if you want native plants.


Neglecting to read reviews?

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Big mistake. I know, it's tempting to rush, but a few minutes online could save you weeks of headaches. And hey, if they seem too eager, well… that's a red flag! Lastly, trust your gut. If something feels off, walk away. After all, your yard should be a sanctuary, not a stress zone. Oh, and remember-patience is key!

 

Lakewood is located in the United States
Lakewood
Lakewood
Lakewood (the United States)
Lakewood, Colorado
Green Mountain as seen from Mt. Zion
Green Mountain as seen from Mt. Zion
Flag of Lakewood, Colorado
Location of the City of Lakewood in Jefferson County, Colorado
Location of the City of Lakewood in Jefferson County, Colorado
Lakewood is located in Colorado
Lakewood
Lakewood
Location of Lakewood in the United States

Coordinates: 39°42′17″N 105°07′02″W / 39.70472°N 105.11722°W / 39.70472; -105.11722CountryUnited StatesStateColoradoCountyJefferson County[2]CityLakewood[1]PlattedJuly 1, 1889[3]IncorporatedJune 24, 1969[4]Government

 

 • TypeHome rule municipality[1] • MayorWendi Strom [citation needed][5]Area

44.647 sq mi (115.635 km2) • Land43.473 sq mi (112.595 km2) • Water1.174 sq mi (3.040 km2)Elevation

5,656 ft (1,724 m)Population

155,984

 • Estimate 
(2024)[8]

156,868 • Rank5th in Colorado
167th in the United States • Density3,588/sq mi (1,385/km2) • Metro

 

2,963,821 (19th) • CSA

 

3,623,560 (17th) • Front Range

 

5,055,344Time zoneUTC−07:00 (MST) • Summer (DST)UTC−06:00 (MDT)ZIP codes

Denver 80214-80215, 80227, 80226-80228, 80232, 80235-80236
Golden 80401
Littleton 80123

Area codesBoth 303 and 720FIPS code08-43000GNIS feature ID2411614[7]Websitewww.lakewood.org

Lakewood is the home rule municipality that is the most populous municipality in Jefferson County, Colorado, United States.[1] The city population was 155,984 at the 2020 U.S. Census, making Lakewood the fifth most populous city in Colorado and the 167th most populous city in the United States.[1] Lakewood is a suburb of Denver and is a principal city of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and a major city of the Front Range Urban Corridor.

The city has a notable student population, as it is home to three higher education institutions: Colorado Christian University, Red Rocks Community College and Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design. Lakewood is also home to the Denver Federal Center, which houses the largest concentration of federal agencies outside of Washington, D.C.[9]

History

[edit]

The urban and suburban development of the community known as Lakewood was started in 1889 by Charles Welch and W.A.H. Loveland, who platted a 13-block area along Colfax Avenue west of Denver in eastern Jefferson County. Loveland, the former president of the Colorado Central Railroad, retired to the new community of Lakewood after many years of living in Golden.[citation needed]

Until 1969, Lakewood had no municipal government, relying instead on several water districts, several fire districts, several volunteer-staffed fire districts, and the government of Jefferson County, including the Jefferson County Sheriff. Additionally, some neighborhoods lacked street lights and sidewalks.[citation needed]

The City of Lakewood was incorporated in 1969 as Jefferson City. Soon after, an election was held and the city's name was changed to Lakewood, due to an overwhelming dislike of "Jefferson City" and the belief that it would be confused with existing communities in Colorado and Missouri.[10] At the time of incorporation, the city population was already over 90,000.[citation needed]

Lakewood never had a traditional downtown area.[11] West Colfax Avenue served the metropolitan area as U.S. Route 40 and the main route joining Denver with the Rocky Mountains. [citation needed] As such, Colfax from Harlan west to Kipling and beyond had mostly commercial establishments. In addition to the Jewish Consumptives' Relief Society (JCRS) for tuberculosis patients, the small, frame Methodist Church, and telephone exchange, by the 1950s grocery and drug stores, gas stations, restaurants and taverns, several motels, branch banks, a movie theater, a roller rink, a bowling alley, and used car lots emerged there. Several multiple-business "shopping centers" developed followed by much larger centers at JCRS and Westland. The Villa Italia Mall on West Alameda Avenue, 20 blocks south of Colfax, reflected the southward expansion of the Lakewood settlement and housed a larger concentration of retail space. As the mall went into decline, the Lakewood City Council developed a plan to demolish the Villa Italia Mall and replace it with a new development called Belmar.[12]

In 2011, Lakewood was named an All-America City for the first time.

December 2021 rampage

[edit]

On December 27, 2021, a Denver gunman killed three Denver residents and two Lakewood residents before being killed by seriously wounded Lakewood Police Agent Ashley Ferris.[13]

Geography

[edit]

Lakewood is located at the junction of U.S. Route 6 and Colorado State Highway 121 in central Colorado, the city lies immediately west of Denver and 62 miles (100 km) north-northwest of Colorado Springs.[14][15]

Lakewood lies in the Colorado Piedmont on the western edge of the Great Plains just east of the Front Range of the southern Rocky Mountains.[14][16][17] Green Mountain, a 6,854-foot-tall (2,089 m) mesa, is located in the far west-central part of the city.[14]

The city is located in the watershed of the South Platte River, and several small tributaries of the river flow generally east through it. From north to south, these include Lakewood Gulch, Weir Gulch, Sanderson Gulch, and Bear Creek. Two tributaries of Lakewood Gulch, Dry Gulch, and McIntyre Gulch flow east through the northern part of the city. Turkey Creek, a tributary of Bear Creek, flows northeast through the far southwestern part of the city. In addition, Lena Gulch, a tributary of Clear Creek to the north, flows east then north through the extreme northwestern part of the city.[14]

Several small lakes and reservoirs are in Lakewood. The Soda Lakes lie in the extreme southwestern part of the city. East of them lies Bear Creek Lake, a reservoir fed by Bear Creek and Turkey Creek. Clustered near each other in central Lakewood are Main Reservoir, East Reservoir, Smith Reservoir, Kendrick Lake, and Cottonwood Lake. Northeast of them lies Kountze Lake. In the northwestern part of the city, Lena Gulch both feeds and drains Maple Grove Reservoir. In the extreme southern part of the city lies Bowles Reservoir No. 1 and, just outside the city limits to the reservoir's northeast, Marston Lake.[14]

At the 2020 United States Census, the town had a total area of 28,574 acres (115.635 km2), including 751 acres (3.040 km2) of water.[6]

As a suburb of Denver, Lakewood is part of both the greater Denver metropolitan area and the Front Range Urban Corridor.[18] It borders other communities on all sides, including Wheat Ridge to the north, Edgewater to the northeast, Denver to the east and southeast, Dakota Ridge to the south, Morrison to the southwest, and Golden, West Pleasant View, East Pleasant View, and Applewood to the northwest.

Climate

[edit]

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Lakewood has a cold semi-arid climate, abbreviated Bsk on climate maps.

Climate data for Lakewood, Colorado, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1962–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 74
(23)
77
(25)
84
(29)
86
(30)
94
(34)
104
(40)
103
(39)
101
(38)
96
(36)
89
(32)
82
(28)
75
(24)
104
(40)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 65.9
(18.8)
65.6
(18.7)
74.0
(23.3)
78.4
(25.8)
86.6
(30.3)
94.9
(34.9)
97.5
(36.4)
95.0
(35.0)
91.2
(32.9)
82.4
(28.0)
73.1
(22.8)
65.2
(18.4)
98.6
(37.0)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 44.8
(7.1)
45.3
(7.4)
53.4
(11.9)
59.0
(15.0)
67.9
(19.9)
79.8
(26.6)
85.9
(29.9)
83.7
(28.7)
76.2
(24.6)
63.4
(17.4)
52.1
(11.2)
44.6
(7.0)
63.0
(17.2)
Daily mean °F (°C) 32.9
(0.5)
33.5
(0.8)
41.0
(5.0)
47.2
(8.4)
56.0
(13.3)
66.7
(19.3)
72.8
(22.7)
70.6
(21.4)
62.4
(16.9)
50.0
(10.0)
40.0
(4.4)
32.3
(0.2)
50.4
(10.2)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 21.1
(−6.1)
21.6
(−5.8)
28.6
(−1.9)
35.3
(1.8)
44.1
(6.7)
53.5
(11.9)
59.6
(15.3)
57.5
(14.2)
48.6
(9.2)
36.6
(2.6)
27.8
(−2.3)
20.0
(−6.7)
37.9
(3.2)
Mean minimum °F (°C) 0.3
(−17.6)
1.1
(−17.2)
11.0
(−11.7)
19.7
(−6.8)
29.6
(−1.3)
41.5
(5.3)
50.6
(10.3)
47.8
(8.8)
34.6
(1.4)
19.3
(−7.1)
7.6
(−13.6)
−0.3
(−17.9)
−6.8
(−21.6)
Record low °F (°C) −26
(−32)
−23
(−31)
−11
(−24)
−1
(−18)
19
(−7)
27
(−3)
37
(3)
40
(4)
16
(−9)
5
(−15)
−7
(−22)
−25
(−32)
−26
(−32)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.64
(16)
0.77
(20)
1.33
(34)
2.36
(60)
2.62
(67)
2.06
(52)
2.00
(51)
1.89
(48)
1.38
(35)
1.14
(29)
0.82
(21)
0.53
(13)
17.54
(446)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 8.0
(20)
8.6
(22)
9.2
(23)
9.1
(23)
1.7
(4.3)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.3
(0.76)
5.2
(13)
9.2
(23)
6.7
(17)
58.0
(147)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 4.5 4.9 5.6 7.2 10.3 8.4 9.4 9.7 7.2 5.7 4.4 3.9 81.2
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 3.6 4.2 3.7 2.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 1.3 2.6 3.2 21.7
Source 1: NOAA[19]
Source 2: National Weather Service[20]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
Census Pop. Note
1960 19,338  
1970 92,743   379.6%
1980 113,808   22.7%
1990 126,481   11.1%
2000 144,126   14.0%
2010 142,980   −0.8%
2020 155,984   9.1%
2024 (est.) 156,868 [8] 0.6%
U.S. Decennial Census

2020 census

[edit]
Lakewood, Colorado – Racial and ethnic composition
Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
Race / Ethnicity (NH = Non-Hispanic) Pop 2000[21] Pop 2010[22] Pop 2020[23] % 2000 % 2010 % 2020
White alone (NH) 113,755 101,504 103,355 78.93% 70.99% 66.26%
Black or African American alone (NH) 1,910 1,924 2,733 1.33% 1.35% 1.75%
Native American or Alaska Native alone (NH) 1,085 987 1,106 0.75% 0.69% 0.71%
Asian alone (NH) 3,854 4,347 5,798 2.67% 3.04% 3.72%
Pacific Islander alone (NH) 112 144 212 0.08% 0.10% 0.14%
Some Other Race alone (NH) 175 205 799 0.12% 0.14% 0.51%
Mixed Race or Multi-Racial (NH) 2,286 2,402 6,558 1.59% 1.68% 4.20%
Hispanic or Latino (any race) 20,949 31,467 35,423 14.54% 22.01% 22.71%
Total 144,126 142,980 155,984 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

2010 census

[edit]

As of the 2010 census, 142,980 people, 61,986 households, and 35,882 families were residing in the city. The population density was 3,334.4 inhabitants per square mile (1,287.4/km2). Its 65,758 housing units averaged 1,533.5 per square mile (591.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 82.9% White, 3.1% Asian, 1.6% Black, 1.4% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 7.7% from other races, and 3.3% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 22.0% of the population.[24]

Of the 61,986 households, 26.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.1% were married couples living together, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 42.1% were not families. About 33.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27, and the average family size was 2.92.[24]

The distribution of the population by age was 20.8% under the age of 18, 9.6% from 18 to 24, 27.1% from 25 to 44, 28.0% from 45 to 64, and 14.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39.2 years. The gender makeup of the city was 48.9% male and 51.1% female.[24]

The median income for a household in the city was $52,960, and for a family was $66,947. Males had a median income of $46,907 versus $41,476 for females. The city's per capita income was $30,027. About 9.1% of families and 11.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 20.3% of those under age 18 and 6.1% of those age 65 or over.[24]

 

Economy

[edit]

Lakewood's economy is diverse, while the largest employers are the government. Companies based in Lakewood include Einstein Bros. Bagels, FirstBank, and The Integer Group.

As of 2013, 67.3% of the population over the age of 16 was in the labor force. 0.1% were in the armed forces, and 67.3% were in the civilian labor force with 61.1% employed and 6.2% unemployed. The occupational composition of the employed civilian labor force was 38.6% in management, business, science, and arts; 25.9% in sales and office occupations; 16.9% in service occupations; 9.9% in production, transportation, and material moving; and 8.7% in natural resources, construction, and maintenance. The three industries employing the largest percentages of the working civilian labor force were educational services, health care, and social assistance (18.4%); professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services (13.8%); and retail trade (11.9%).[24]

The cost of living index in Lakewood, compared to a U.S. average of 100, is 107.4.[25] As of 2013, the median home value in the city was $238,500, the median selected monthly owner cost was $1,546 for housing units with a mortgage and $442 for those without, and the median gross rent was $940.[24]

Top employers

[edit]

According to the city's 2023 annual report, the top employers in the city are:[26]

Top employers by employee count
Rank Employer Number of
employees
1 Denver Federal Center 8,000
2 Jefferson County School District R-1 3,700
3 State of Colorado 2,610
4 St. Anthony Hospital 1,774
5 Terumo BCT 1,709
6 FirstBank 1,569
7 City of Lakewood 1,438
8 Red Rocks Community College 961
9 Encore Electric 892
10 Colorado Christian University 725

Government

[edit]
The Lakewood Civic Center (2009)

Lakewood maintains a council-manager form of government. Citizens elect a city council consisting of the mayor, who is elected at-large, and 10 city council members, 2 from each of the city's five geographical wards. The mayor and the council members assert the policies for the operation of the city government. The current City Manager, Kathleen Hodgson, is the longest-tenured City Manager in the State of Colorado.[citation needed]

The current mayor is Wendi Strom. The council members representing Ward 1 are Jeslin Shahrezaei and Glenda Sinks; Sophia Mayott-Guerrero and Isabel Cruz represent Ward 2; Roger Low and Rebekah Stewart represent Ward 3; Rich Olver and David Rein represent Ward 4; and Ward 5 is represented by Jacob LaBure and Paula Nystrom.

The City of Lakewood falls into Colorado House District 26, parts of House District 24, and House District 23. Lakewood is represented in the state house by Reps. Chris Kennedy, Kerry Tipper, and Monica Duran.[27]

List of mayors

[edit]

Education

[edit]
Red Rocks Community College Main Entrance, Lakewood, Colorado (2023)

Lakewood is within Jefferson County School District R-1.[36]

Lakewood also houses Lakewood High School, Green Mountain High School, Bear Creek High School, Brady Exploration High School, Alameda International High School, and International Baccalaureate schools in Jefferson County, as well as the private Colorado Academy.

Lakewood is home to several colleges and universities, including Colorado Christian University, Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design, Red Rocks Community College, and the Colorado School of Trades.

The town is served by the Jefferson County Public Library.

Transportation

[edit]

Highways

[edit]

Nine highways run through the city of Lakewood:

Mass transit

[edit]

Bus and light rail service within the city, and to other areas in the metropolitan area, is provided by the Regional Transportation District. Light rail service to Lakewood began on April 26, 2013, with the opening of the W Line. Seven light rail stations are located within the city, all of which are located along the W Line.

Intercity transportation is provided by Bustang. Federal Center station in Lakewood is along Bustang's West Line, which connects Denver to Grand Junction.[37]

Points of interest

[edit]

Landmarks and historical points of interest include:[citation needed]

  • Belmar is the town center with a mix of retail, residential, cultural, and public space.
    • The Laboratory of Art and Ideas at Belmar was located in Belmar until May 2009, and that location is now occupied by:
    • the Colorado Campus of the Ohio Center for Broadcasting, a private trade school for the radio and television industry.
    • Belmar has a designated Arts District that houses several artist studios and several gallery spaces, and
    • "Working with Artists", a nonprofit fine-art photography school.
  • Lakewood Cultural Center features a theater, gallery space, and art classrooms.
  • Heritage Lakewood Belmar Park is a 20th-century museum and festival grounds, with several historic buildings, and is located near Kountze Lake; the site formerly housed the Belmar family mansion.
  • At William Fredrick Hayden Park in the foothills of Green Mountain, the Colorado National Guard previously used the north side for artillery practice. Since 2012 the Department of Defense Military Munitions Response Program has financed investigations to identify unexploded ordnance there.[38]
  • The 40 West Arts District includes a bike and "walking art experience" along the light rail line.[39]

Notable people

[edit]

Sister cities

[edit]

Lakewood has four sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:

See also

[edit]
 

Footnotes

[edit]
 

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "Active Colorado Municipalities". State of Colorado, Colorado Department of Local Affairs, Division of Local Government. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  2. ^ "Colorado Counties". State of Colorado, Colorado Department of Local Affairs, Division of Local Government. Retrieved January 27, 2021.
  3. ^ "Historical Timeline: The 1880s". Jefferson County, Colorado.
  4. ^ Aguilar, John (June 24, 2019). "Lakewood marks 50th birthday, half a century after telling Denver "no" to annexation". The Denver Post.
  5. ^ "City Council Members". Lakewood, Colorado.
  6. ^ a b c "Decennial Census P.L. 94-171 Redistricting Data". United States Census Bureau, United States Department of Commerce. August 12, 2021. Retrieved September 4, 2021.
  7. ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Lakewood, Colorado
  8. ^ a b "US Census Bureau City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2024". census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 15, 2025.
  9. ^ "Denver Federal Center". gsa.gov. U.S. General Services Administration.
  10. ^ Standish, LeRoy. "Lakewood's come a long way". Colorado Community Media.
  11. ^ Autobee, R. & Autobee, K. (2011). Early Lakewood. United States: Arcadia Publishing, p. 67.
  12. ^ The Christian Science Monitor (May 22, 2009). "After the mall: Retrofitting suburbia". The Christian Science Monitor.
  13. ^ Nicholson, Kieran (December 29, 2021). "Lakewood police agent shot on Monday in exchange with the suspected killer is identified". The Denver Post. Retrieved August 25, 2022.
  14. ^ a b c d e "Lakewood, CO". Google Maps. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
  15. ^ "Distance Calculator". Infoplease. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
  16. ^ "Physiographic Provinces of Colorado [Map]". Colorado Geological Survey. Archived from the original on February 25, 2015. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
  17. ^ "General Map of Colorado". Colorado Life Zones. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
  18. ^ "OMB Bulletin No. 13-01" (PDF). Office of Management and Budget. February 28, 2013. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 7, 2017. Retrieved March 4, 2015 – via National Archives.
  19. ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  20. ^ "NOAA Online Weather Data". National Weather Service. Retrieved August 9, 2022.
  21. ^ "P004 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2000: DEC Summary File 1 – Lakewood city, Colorado". United States Census Bureau.
  22. ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2010: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Lakewood city, Colorado". United States Census Bureau.
  23. ^ "P2 Hispanic or Latino, and Not Hispanic or Latino by Race – 2020: DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171) – Lakewood city, Colorado". United States Census Bureau.
  24. ^ a b c d e f "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved March 4, 2015.
  25. ^ "Lakewood, Colorado". City-Data.com. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  26. ^ Comprehensive Annual Financial Report (PDF) (Report). City of Lakewood, Colorado. 2023.
  27. ^ [Colorado] State House District 26. COMaps (Report). Archived from the original on February 12, 2009. Retrieved January 21, 2009.
  28. ^ ""Father of Lakewood" Jim Richey dies at 88", denverpost.com, April 26, 2016
  29. ^ Whitlock, Charles E. (Chuck) (Mayor of Lakewood CO), 1977-1979, Denver Public Library, Special Collections and Archives Department Repository, retrieved April 19, 2025
  30. ^ "Former mayor dies at 83", coloradocommunitymedia.com, December 3, 2009
  31. ^ "Contacting your elected officials", ci.lakewood.co.us, archived from the original on December 3, 1998 – via Wayback Machine
  32. ^ "Contacting your elected officials", ci.lakewood.co.us, archived from the original on June 15, 2000 – via Wayback Machine
  33. ^ "City Council", lakewood.org, archived from the original on September 13, 2015 – via Wayback Machine
  34. ^ "City Council", lakewood.org, archived from the original on June 4, 2019 – via Wayback Machine
  35. ^ "Suburban voters select new mayors in Lakewood and Arvada, decide on police and fire funding", denverpost.com, November 8, 2023
  36. ^ "2020 CENSUS - SCHOOL DISTRICT REFERENCE MAP: Jefferson County, CO" (PDF). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 19, 2022. - Text list
  37. ^ "Bustang Schedules". RideBustang. CDOT. Archived from the original on September 15, 2019. Retrieved November 30, 2019.
  38. ^ Briggs, Austin (July 29, 2015). "Old explosives still being found at Lakewood's Green Mountain park". The Denver Post. Digital First Media. Retrieved July 31, 2015.
  39. ^ "ArtLine". www.40westartline.org (org home page). Retrieved February 5, 2020.
  40. ^ Stade is located on the German Timber-Frame Road
  41. ^ "Sister cities". Sutherland Shire Council.
[edit]

 

Broomfield is located in Colorado
Broomfield
Broomfield
Broomfield (Colorado)
Broomfield
City and County of Broomfield
Flag of Broomfield
Official seal of Broomfield
Location of the City and County of Broomfield in Colorado
Location of the City and County of Broomfield in Colorado
Broomfield is located in the United States
Broomfield
Broomfield
Location of the City and County of Broomfield, Colorado.

Coordinates: 39°55′14″N 105°05′12″W / 39.9205°N 105.0867°W / 39.9205; -105.0867 (Broomfield, Colorado)[3]CountryUnited StatesStateColoradoCity and CountyBroomfield[2]IncorporatedJune 6, 1961[1]ConsolidatedNovember 15, 2001Named afterThe broomcorn once grown in the areaGovernment

 

 • TypeConsolidated city and county[1] • MayorGuyleen Castriotta[4]Area

 • Total

33.548 sq mi (86.890 km2) • Land32.968 sq mi (85.387 km2) • Water0.580 sq mi (1.503 km2)Elevation

5,348 ft (1,630 m)Population

 • Total

74,112

 • Estimate 
(2024)

78,323 Increase • Density2,248.0/sq mi (867.95/km2) • Metro

 

2,963,821 (19th) • CSA

 

3,623,560 (17th) • Front Range

 

5,055,344Time zoneUTC−07:00 (MST) • Summer (DST)UTC−06:00 (MDT)ZIP code[7]

80020, 80021, 80023,
80038 (PO Box)

Area codes303/720/983GNIS pop ID204704GNIS city ID2409919GNIS county ID1945881FIPS city code08-09280FIPS county code08-99014WebsiteCity and County of Broomfield

Broomfield is a consolidated city and county located in the U.S. state of Colorado.[1] It has a consolidated government which operates under Article XX, Sections 10–13 of the Constitution of the State of Colorado. Broomfield's population was 74,112 at the 2020 United States census,[6] making it the 15th most populous municipality and the 12th most populous county in Colorado. Broomfield is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area and the Front Range urban corridor.

History

[edit]

The Broomfield post office opened on September 26, 1884.[8] Historians speculate that the town was named for the sorghum grown in the area, also known as broomcorn, which had stalks that were sold to make brooms and whisk brooms.[9]

Several railroads figure in the development of this area. The Colorado Central Railroad built a narrow-gauge line from Golden in 1873; the Denver, Utah and Pacific Railroad arrived in 1881; and the Denver, Marshall and Boulder Railway built a line through what is now Broomfield in 1886. The Denver, Utah and Pacific was widened to standard gauge in 1889. One of the early names for the area was Zang's Spur, after the railroad spur serving Adolph Zang's grain fields.[10]

The Denver–Boulder Turnpike was constructed through the Broomfield area to speed automobile travel between the state capital of Denver and the university city of Boulder. Construction of the toll road began in 1950 and the turnpike was opened to traffic on January 19, 1952, with the sole toll plaza at Broomfield with access to U.S. Route 287 through the town.[11] The toll to travel from Federal Boulevard in Adams County to Broomfield was 10 cents and the toll from Broomfield to Boulder was 15 cents, or 25 cents for the whole route.[11]

The City of Broomfield was incorporated on June 6, 1961, in the southeastern corner of Boulder County.[1] The Denver–Boulder Turnpike was a common commuting route and Broomfield became a popular residential area. On September 14, 1967, having paid off its construction and operating expenses, the turnpike was made free and became the official route of U.S. Route 36 between Denver, Boulder, and the Rocky Mountain National Park. The turnpike became the first public toll road in the United States to become free.[11]

In the 1990s, after three decades of aggressive annexation, the City of Broomfield had expanded into Adams, Jefferson, and Weld counties in addition to Boulder.[12] City leaders felt increasing chagrin with the need to deal with four different county governments, four separate county sales tax bases, and four separate court districts. They began pushing to make Broomfield a consolidated city-county similar to Denver, reasoning that they could provide services more responsively if Broomfield had its own county government.

The city sought an amendment to the state constitution to create a new county. The amendment was passed in 1998, after which a three-year transition period followed.

On November 15, 2001, Broomfield County became the 64th and least extensive county of Colorado. It is the newest county in Colorado (and in the entire United States, if county equivalents are not included).[13]

Geography

[edit]

Broomfield is located midway between Denver and Boulder along U.S. Routes 36 and 287 at coordinates

39°55′14″N 105°05′12″W / 39.9205°N 105.0867°W / 39.9205; -105.0867 (Broomfield, Colorado) at an elevation of 5,348 feet (1,630 m).[3]

At the 2020 United States census, Broomfield had a total area of 21,471 acres (86.890 km2), including 371 acres (1.503 km2) of water.[5] It is the smallest county by area in Colorado, and the 5th smallest in the United States.

Airport

[edit]

Rocky Mountain Metropolitan Airport is located in Broomfield.

Major highways

[edit]

Adjacent counties

[edit]
 

Climate

[edit]

According to the Köppen climate classification system, Broomfield has a cold semi-arid climate (BSk). According to the United States Department of Agriculture, it is in plant hardiness zone 6a with an average annual extreme minimum temperature of −9.4 °F (−23.0 °C).[14]

Climate data for City and County of Broomfield, CO. Elevation 5407 ft
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 45.4
(7.4)
47.5
(8.6)
54.6
(12.6)
62.3
(16.8)
71.6
(22.0)
81.9
(27.7)
88.7
(31.5)
86.2
(30.1)
78.1
(25.6)
65.8
(18.8)
53.0
(11.7)
44.7
(7.1)
65.1
(18.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 18.3
(−7.6)
20.2
(−6.6)
27.0
(−2.8)
33.8
(1.0)
43.0
(6.1)
51.7
(10.9)
57.6
(14.2)
56.2
(13.4)
47.3
(8.5)
35.9
(2.2)
25.7
(−3.5)
18.0
(−7.8)
36.3
(2.4)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.44
(11)
0.43
(11)
1.64
(42)
2.07
(53)
2.26
(57)
1.73
(44)
1.76
(45)
1.86
(47)
1.26
(32)
1.12
(28)
0.87
(22)
0.68
(17)
16.12
(409)
Average relative humidity (%) 50.5 51.1 48.0 45.8 49.6 46.8 44.2 48.5 46.1 47.2 49.8 51.8 48.3
Average dew point °F (°C) 15.6
(−9.1)
17.7
(−7.9)
22.6
(−5.2)
28.2
(−2.1)
38.6
(3.7)
45.8
(7.7)
50.0
(10.0)
50.8
(10.4)
41.7
(5.4)
31.4
(−0.3)
22.2
(−5.4)
15.6
(−9.1)
31.8
(−0.1)
Source: PRISM Climate Group[15]

Ecology

[edit]

According to the A. W. Kuchler U.S. potential natural vegetation types, Broomfield would have a Bouteloua/buffalograss (65, commonly known as grama grass) vegetation type and a shortgrass prairie (17) vegetation form.[16]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
Census Pop. Note
1960 4,535  
1970 7,261   60.1%
1980 20,730   185.5%
1990 24,638   18.9%
2000 38,272   55.3%
2010 55,889   46.0%
2020 74,112   32.6%
2024 (est.) 78,323 [17] 5.7%
U.S. Decennial Census

Broomfield is a part of the Denver–Aurora–Lakewood, CO Metropolitan Statistical Area.

The 2020 census estimated there were 74,112 people living in Broomfield.[6] The population density was 2,248 people per square mile (868 people/km2), making it the second most densely populated county in Colorado behind Denver.[18] The racial and ethnic makeup of the city was 76.0% White, 6.9% Asian, 1.3% African American, 0.6% Native American, 0.1% Pacific Islander, and 10.9% from two or more races;[6] additionally, 13.4% were Hispanic or Latino[19] and, by 2023, 8.8% were foreign-born.[20]

In 2023, there were 33,563 households, of which 48.0% were married couples living together, 11.4% were cohabiting couple households, 18.7% had a male householder with no spouse/partner present, and 21.9% had a female householder with no spouse/partner present. 22.5% of households had one or more people under 18 years, and 25.6% of households had one or more people 65 years or older. The average household size was 2.28 people, and the average family size was 2.90 people.[20]

In 2023, age distribution figures showed 20.2% of residents under the age of 18 and 16.5% age 65 years or older.[21] The median age was 37.9 years and females made up 49.1% of the population.[21]

In 2023, the median household income in Broomfield was $112,139 and the median family income was $130,920.[22] The per capita income for the city was $59,679,[23] with 5.3% of the population living below the poverty line[24] and 2.7% without health care coverage.[25] By 2018–2022 estimates, Broomfield had the 3rd highest median household income among Colorado counties and the 40th highest in the United States;[26] for families, the median income was the 2nd highest among Colorado counties and the 18th highest in the United States.[27]

In 2023, the educational attainment of residents over age 25 included 97.0% being high school graduates (or higher), 58.8% holding a bachelor's degree (or higher), and 25.6% holding a graduate or professional degree.[28]

Politics

[edit]

When the county was formed in 2001, it was a swing county, and it has voted for the winner of Colorado's electoral votes since then. In the 2012 election, incumbent president and Democrat Barack Obama defeated Republican Mitt Romney by roughly five percentage points. In recent years, the county has trended towards the Democratic Party, in line with the rest of the Denver area. In 2016, it voted decisively for Hillary Clinton. Joe Biden won the county by a larger margin in 2020, and Kamala Harris won the county by an even larger margin in 2024.

As of August 1, 2025, among 56,705 active registered voters in Broomfield, 15,317 were Democrats, 10,412 were Republicans, and 29,857 were not affiliated with any party.[29]

Broomfield voters approved ranked-choice voting for municipal elections in 2021. Due to a lack of candidates and delays in the Colorado Secretary of State auditing procedures, implementation of ranked-choice voting has been delayed until 2027.[30]

United States presidential election results for Broomfield, Colorado
Year Republican Democratic Third party(ies)
No.  % No.  % No.  %
2004 12,007 51.68% 10,935 47.06% 293 1.26%
2008 12,757 43.31% 16,168 54.89% 528 1.79%
2012 15,008 45.67% 16,966 51.62% 891 2.71%
2016 14,367 38.12% 19,731 52.35% 3,591 9.53%
2020 16,295 34.94% 29,077 62.35% 1,260 2.70%
2024 16,071 34.30% 29,426 62.81% 1,351 2.88%
 

Economy

[edit]
Company housing image for Monarch Mine in Broomfield, 1947

In the 1990s, Broomfield and other area suburbs experienced tremendous economic growth, much of it focused in technology.

The FlatIron Crossing mall is a large shopping and entertainment center, anchored by Dick's Sporting Goods, Macy's, and Forever 21.

Crocs, Vail Resorts, MWH Global, Flatiron Construction, Webroot, Noodles & Company, and Mrs. Fields are headquartered in Broomfield.

Top employers

[edit]

According to Broomfield's 2023 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report,[31] the top employers in the city are:

# Employer # of Employees
1 Oracle America 1,650
2 Intermountain Health Care 1,550
3 BAE Systems 1,100
4 Hunter Douglas Window Fashions Division 950
5 City and County of Broomfield 900
6 Vail Resorts 750
7 DanoneWave Foods 600
8 Crocs 600
9 Broadcom Inc. 500
10 VMware 450

Media

[edit]

The Broomfield Enterprise is the local newspaper. KBDI-TV, the secondary PBS member station for the Denver area, is licensed to Broomfield.

Recreation

[edit]

Broomfield's recreational opportunities include the Paul Derda Recreation Center and pool, athletic fields, courts and rinks and open space and trails.[32][33]

Broomfield has an extensive trail system that connects the various lakes and parks. A scenic trail connects the Stearns Lake and the Josh's Pond memorial on the west side of town. Broomfield also has a 9/11 memorial containing a piece of a steel beam from one of the towers.

The Paul Derda Recreation Center

Broomfield also has a skate park with many different features such as bowls, a large half-pipe and several "street" obstacles.

The Broomfield Community Center (renovated in 2020) offers a wide variety of fitness classes, senior activities, and hosts swim meets and kids' camps for the whole city and county.

A few of the favorite outdoor activities of Broomfield residents are tennis and golf. There are a large number of golf courses and tennis courts open to the public. Broomfield Community Center also hosts other Denver metro cities in their center, mainly for pickleball games and tournaments.

Government

[edit]

Broomfield's leadership includes the Mayor, the Mayor Pro Tem, the City and County Manager, Attorney, and City Council members.[4]

Broomfield City and County Leadership
Role Name
Mayoral Office
Mayor Guyleen Castriotta
Mayor Pro-Tem Deven Shaff
City Officials
City and County Manager Jennifer Hoffman
City and County Attorney Nancy Rodgers
City Council Members
Ward 1
Kenny Nguyen James Marsh-Holschen
Ward 2
Paloma Delgadillo Austin Ward
Ward 3
Jean Lim Deven Shaff
Ward 4
Bruce Leslie Laurie Anderson
Ward 5
Heidi Henkel Todd Cohen

Sheriff and county commissioners

[edit]

Broomfield operates as a consolidated city-county. The city council acts simultaneously as the board of county commissioners, and the police chief is simultaneously the county sheriff. The Broomfield Police Department performs all of the duties that would normally be performed by a county sheriff's office, including operating the county jail (detention center), providing security and bailiff services for the Broomfield Municipal, County, and District Courts and the Combined Courts Building, and providing civil process in the county. The police chief can be hired or fired at will by the city council, which makes Broomfield's sheriff, along with Denver's, the only non-elected sheriffs in the state.

Education

[edit]

Since Broomfield used to be divided among four counties, students living in the city were served by the separate school districts for their county.[citation needed] While the city is now united within one county, it is still separated among 6 school districts:[34]

Of Colorado's 10 largest school districts, 4 (Jefferson County, Adams 12 Five Star, St. Vrain Valley, and Boulder Valley)[35] have sections in Broomfield.

Broomfield features two large public high schools (Broomfield High School and Legacy High School), two public middle schools, and eight public elementary schools. There are four private schools: Brightmont Academy, a 1-to-1 school for all grade levels; Broomfield Academy, with an academic preschool, an elementary school, and a middle school; Holy Family, a Catholic high school; and Nativity of Our Lord Parish, a Catholic elementary school. Broomfield also contains two K–12 charter schools — Prospect Ridge Academy and Front Range Academy, which has two Broomfield campuses.

Notable people

[edit]

Notable individuals who were born in or have lived in Broomfield (or both) include:

Sister city

[edit]

Broomfield has a sister city, as designated by Sister Cities International:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "Active Colorado Municipalities". State of Colorado, Department of Local Affairs, Division of Local Government. Retrieved December 27, 2024.
  2. ^ "Colorado Counties". State of Colorado, Colorado Department of Local Affairs, Division of Local Government. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
  3. ^ a b c "Broomfield, Colorado". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  4. ^ a b "Council Members and Leadership". City and County of Broomfield. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
  5. ^ a b "Decennial Census P.L. 94-171 Redistricting Data". U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. November 29, 2023. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  6. ^ a b c d "RACE. Decennial Census, DEC Redistricting Data (PL 94-171), Table P1". U.S. Census Bureau. 2020. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
  7. ^ "ZIP Code Lookup". United States Postal Service. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  8. ^ Bauer, William H.; Ozment, James L.; Willard, John H. (1990). Colorado Post Offices 1859–1989. Golden, Colorado: Colorado Railroad Historical Foundation. ISBN 0-918654-42-4.
  9. ^ O'Connor, Colleen (April 27, 2016). "Broomfield's historic train depot evokes forgotten history in Colorado". The Denver Post. Archived from the original on December 5, 2021. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  10. ^ "History of Broomfield". City and County of Broomfield. City and County of Broomfield. Retrieved April 23, 2024.
  11. ^ a b c Salek, Matthew E. (17 November 2013). "Colorado Highways: The Denver-Boulder Turnpike". Retrieved December 27, 2024.
  12. ^ "Broomfield with Legacy County Boundaries". City and County of Broomfield. City and County of Broomfield. May 10, 2022. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
  13. ^ "Substantial Changes to Counties and County Equivalent Entities: 1970-Present". U.S. Census Bureau. October 8, 2021. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
  14. ^ "USDA Interactive Plant Hardiness Map". United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on July 4, 2019. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  15. ^ "PRISM Climate Group, Oregon State University". www.prism.oregonstate.edu. Retrieved July 10, 2019.
  16. ^ "U.S. Potential Natural Vegetation, Original Kuchler Types, v2.0 (Spatially Adjusted to Correct Geometric Distortions)". Data Basin. Retrieved July 11, 2019.
  17. ^ "County Population Totals and Components of Change: 2020-2024". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 21, 2025.
  18. ^ "2020 Census Demographic Data Map Viewer". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
  19. ^ "HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE. Decennial Census, DEC Demographic and Housing Characteristics, Table P9". U.S. Census Bureau. 2020. Retrieved April 22, 2024.
  20. ^ a b "Selected Social Characteristics in the United States. American Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates Data Profiles, Table DP02". U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  21. ^ a b "Age and Sex. American Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S0101". U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  22. ^ "Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2023 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars). American Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S1901". U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  23. ^ "Per Capita Income in the Past 12 Months (in 2023 Inflation-Adjusted Dollars). American Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates Detailed Tables, Table B19301". U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  24. ^ "Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months. American Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S1701". U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  25. ^ "Selected Characteristics of Health Insurance Coverage in the United States. American Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S2701". U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  26. ^ "Income Table for Colorado Counties — Median household income". HDPulse: An Ecosystem of Minority Health and Health Disparities Resources. National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  27. ^ "Income Table for Colorado Counties — Median family income". HDPulse: An Ecosystem of Minority Health and Health Disparities Resources. National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  28. ^ "Educational Attainment. American Community Survey, ACS 1-Year Estimates Subject Tables, Table S1501". U.S. Census Bureau, U.S. Department of Commerce. 2023. Retrieved October 9, 2024.
  29. ^ "2025 Voter Registration Statistics — July statistics". Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved August 2, 2025.
  30. ^ Stevenson, Corbett (2025-02-12). "Broomfield won't see ranked choice voting until 2027". Broomfield Enterprise. Retrieved 2025-07-09.
  31. ^ "City and County of Broomfield Annual Comprehensive Financial Report 2023". Retrieved January 6, 2025.
  32. ^ "Parks, Recreation and Senior Services". City and County of Broomfield. City and County of Broomfield. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
  33. ^ "Open Space and Trails". City and County of Broomfield. City and County of Broomfield. Retrieved April 30, 2024.
  34. ^ Geography Division (December 17, 2020). School District Reference Map: Broomfield County, CO (PDF) (Map). U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  35. ^ "Colorado public school enrollment declines slightly with 3,253 fewer students". Colorado Department of Education. January 18, 2023. Retrieved July 23, 2024.
  36. ^ Boslough, Mark (November 30, 2014). "F-Bomb the N-Word Out of Existence". Huffington Post. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  37. ^ Krider, Dylan Otto (19 May 2010). "Brown comes home to Broomfield for Broomstock". Broomfield Enterprise. Retrieved March 10, 2018.
  38. ^ "Broomfield man reviving dad`s Disney days". Broomfield Enterprise. Retrieved November 28, 2009.
  39. ^ "Dianne Primavera's Biography". Vote Smart. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  40. ^ "Anna Prins". Iowa State Cyclones. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  41. ^ Russo, Vince (2010). Rope Opera: How WCW Killed Vince Russo. ECW Press. ISBN 978-1550228687.
  42. ^ "Steve Schmuhl". Indiana University Athletics. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  43. ^ "Mike Wilpolt". ArenaFan. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  44. ^ "Kitty Zingano". UFC. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  45. ^ "Our Sister Cities". Broomfield Sister Cities Organization. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
  46. ^ "Membership Directory". Sister Cities International. Retrieved 24 June 2024.
[edit]

 

Brighton is located in Colorado
Brighton
Brighton
Brighton (Colorado)
Brighton, Colorado
Brighton City Hall
Brighton City Hall
Flag of Brighton, Colorado
Motto: 
"What we value today is what we become tomorrow"
Location within Adams and Weld counties, Colorado
Location within Adams and Weld counties, Colorado
Brighton is located in the United States
Brighton
Brighton
Location of the City of Brighton, Colorado.

Coordinates: 39°59′07″N 104°49′14″W / 39.9853°N 104.8205°W / 39.9853; -104.8205 (Brighton, Colorado)[3]CountryUnited StatesStateColoradoCountiesAdams County seat and
Weld County[2]IncorporatedSeptember 1, 1887[4]Named afterBrighton Beach, New YorkGovernment

 

 • Typehome rule city[1] • MayorGreg Mills[citation needed]Area

 • Total

21.536 sq mi (55.777 km2) • Land21.247 sq mi (55.030 km2) • Water0.288 sq mi (0.747 km2)Elevation

4,987 ft (1,520 m)Population

 • Total

40,083 • Density1,887/sq mi (729/km2) • CSA

 

3,623,560 (17th) • Front Range

 

5,055,344Time zoneUTC−07:00 (MST) • Summer (DST)UTC−06:00 (MDT)ZIP code[6]

80601-80603

Area codes303/720/983GNIS pop ID204736GNIS town ID2409911FIPS code08-08675WebsiteCity of Brighton

Brighton is a home rule city located in Adams and Weld counties, Colorado, United States.[1] Brighton is the county seat of Adams County and is a part of the Denver-Aurora, CO Combined Statistical Area and the Front Range Urban Corridor.[7] The city population was 40,083 at the 2020 United States census with 39,718 residing in Adams County and 365 residing in Weld County.[5]

History

[edit]

Brighton was founded as a stage/railroad depot and farming community named Hughes. The Hughes, Colorado Territory, post office opened on April 13, 1871,[8] Colorado became a state on August 1, 1876,[9] and the Hughes post office was renamed Brighton on August 4, 1879.[8] The town was named for Brighton Beach, New York.[10]

The Town of Brighton was incorporated on September 1, 1887.[4][11] Adams County was created on April 15, 1901, with Brighton as its seat.

Geography

[edit]

Brighton is a suburb of Denver located at coordinates

39°59′07″N 104°49′14″W / 39.9853°N 104.8205°W / 39.9853; -104.8205 (Brighton, Colorado) at an elevation of 4,987 feet (1,520 m).[3]

At the 2020 United States census, the city had a total area of 13,783 acres (55.777 km2), including 185 acres (0.747 km2) of water.[5]

Climate

[edit]

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Brighton has a cold semi-arid climate, abbreviated BSk on climate maps.

Climate data for Brighton, Colorado, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1973–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 74
(23)
80
(27)
82
(28)
91
(33)
99
(37)
104
(40)
105
(41)
103
(39)
100
(38)
90
(32)
82
(28)
75
(24)
105
(41)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 65.3
(18.5)
67.7
(19.8)
76.3
(24.6)
82.4
(28.0)
90.5
(32.5)
97.8
(36.6)
100.5
(38.1)
97.8
(36.6)
93.8
(34.3)
85.1
(29.5)
74.2
(23.4)
65.5
(18.6)
101.0
(38.3)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 44.4
(6.9)
45.9
(7.7)
55.9
(13.3)
62.9
(17.2)
71.9
(22.2)
84.1
(28.9)
90.0
(32.2)
87.6
(30.9)
79.8
(26.6)
65.9
(18.8)
53.3
(11.8)
44.0
(6.7)
65.5
(18.6)
Daily mean °F (°C) 30.2
(−1.0)
32.2
(0.1)
41.3
(5.2)
48.4
(9.1)
57.5
(14.2)
68.3
(20.2)
74.1
(23.4)
72.0
(22.2)
63.6
(17.6)
50.4
(10.2)
39.1
(3.9)
30.2
(−1.0)
50.6
(10.3)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 16.1
(−8.8)
18.5
(−7.5)
26.7
(−2.9)
33.9
(1.1)
43.2
(6.2)
52.4
(11.3)
58.2
(14.6)
56.4
(13.6)
47.4
(8.6)
35.0
(1.7)
25.0
(−3.9)
16.3
(−8.7)
35.8
(2.1)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −5.7
(−20.9)
−2.6
(−19.2)
9.4
(−12.6)
20.4
(−6.4)
29.8
(−1.2)
42.7
(5.9)
50.9
(10.5)
48.5
(9.2)
35.1
(1.7)
18.9
(−7.3)
5.4
(−14.8)
−4.7
(−20.4)
−13.5
(−25.3)
Record low °F (°C) −23
(−31)
−24
(−31)
−13
(−25)
−8
(−22)
19
(−7)
34
(1)
44
(7)
41
(5)
19
(−7)
0
(−18)
−14
(−26)
−26
(−32)
−26
(−32)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 0.42
(11)
0.43
(11)
0.98
(25)
1.77
(45)
2.35
(60)
1.41
(36)
1.72
(44)
1.77
(45)
1.18
(30)
1.02
(26)
0.69
(18)
0.37
(9.4)
14.11
(360.4)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 5.2
(13)
5.3
(13)
6.0
(15)
3.1
(7.9)
0.5
(1.3)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.0
(0.0)
0.2
(0.51)
3.2
(8.1)
5.8
(15)
5.2
(13)
34.5
(86.81)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 3.9 4.4 5.6 6.9 8.3 6.6 6.9 6.1 5.4 4.9 4.4 3.7 67.1
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 3.8 3.9 3.3 2.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.1 3.1 3.9 21.7
Source 1: NOAA[12]
Source 2: National Weather Service[13]

Demographics

[edit]
Historical population
Census Pop. Note
1890 306  
1900 366   19.6%
1910 850   132.2%
1920 2,715   219.4%
1930 3,394   25.0%
1940 4,029   18.7%
1950 4,336   7.6%
1960 7,055   62.7%
1970 8,309   17.8%
1980 12,773   53.7%
1990 14,203   11.2%
2000 20,905   47.2%
2010 33,352   59.5%
2020 40,083   20.2%
2024 (est.) 43,473 [14] 8.5%
U.S. Decennial Census

As of the census[15] of 2000, there were 20,905 people, 6,718 households, and 5,058 families living in the city. The population density was 1,224.1 inhabitants per square mile (472.6/km2). There were 6,990 housing units at an average density of 409.3 per square mile (158.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 76.91% White, 0.99% African American, 1.47% Native American, 1.10% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 16.29% from other races, and 3.20% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 38.22% of the population.

There were 6,718 households, out of which 40.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.6% were married couples living together, 11.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24.7% were non-families. 19.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.34.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 28.6% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 32.7% from 25 to 44, 18.8% from 45 to 64, and 9.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 108.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $46,779, and the median income for a family was $53,286. Males had a median income of $35,686 versus $27,103 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,927. About 6.1% of families and 9.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.0% of those under age 18 and 8.6% of those age 65 or over.

Economy

[edit]

Brighton is the home of two Vestas manufacturing plants, a wind turbine blade factory and a nacelle manufacturing plant. The factories are valued at $290 million and will provide 1,350 employment opportunities: 650 in the blade factory and another 700 in the nacelle manufacturing plant. Groundbreaking for the factories took place on March 25, 2009.[16]

The Prairie Center is a 396-acre (1.60 km2) shopping center with a pedestrian-oriented retail village.

The Greater Brighton Chamber of Commerce and Tourism Bureau began helping small businesses in the Brighton community in 1955, paving the way for the expansion of Brighton retail, and manufacturing. The Brighton Chamber helped to secure Brighton as an Agritourism destination within the Denver Metro area for Farm Fresh Produce and opening the Brighton Visitors Center in May 2020. The Greater Brighton Chamber of Commerce is ranked the 14th Best Chamber in the Denver area per the Denver Business Journal.[17][18]

Education

[edit]

School District 27J serves the community.

Notable people

[edit]

Notable individuals who were born in or have lived in Brighton include:

Sister city

[edit]

Brighton has a sister city, as designated by Sister Cities International:

See also

[edit]
 

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c "Active Colorado Municipalities". Colorado Department of Local Affairs. Retrieved February 13, 2025.
  2. ^ "Colorado Counties". Colorado Department of Local Affairs. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  3. ^ a b c "Brighton, Colorado". Geographic Names Information System. United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  4. ^ a b "Colorado Municipal Incorporations". State of Colorado, Department of Personnel & Administration, Colorado State Archives. December 1, 2004. Archived from the original on September 27, 2007. Retrieved September 2, 2007.
  5. ^ a b c d "Decennial Census P.L. 94-171 Redistricting Data". United States Census Bureau, United States Department of Commerce. August 12, 2021. Retrieved September 7, 2021.
  6. ^ "ZIP Code Lookup". United States Postal Service. Retrieved February 2, 2025.
  7. ^ "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Archived from the original on May 31, 2011. Retrieved June 7, 2011.
  8. ^ a b Bauer, William H.; Ozment, James L.; Willard, John H. (1990). Colorado Post Offices 1859–1989. Golden, Colorado: Colorado Railroad Historical Foundation. ISBN 0-918654-42-4.
  9. ^ Ulysses S. Grant (August 1, 1876). "Proclamation 230—Admission of Colorado into the Union". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved December 24, 2024.
  10. ^ "Profile for Brighton, Colorado, CO". ePodunk. Archived from the original on May 15, 2019. Retrieved May 7, 2012.
  11. ^ "City of Brighton celebrates 125th Anniversary". City of Brighton Colorado. Archived from the original on December 13, 2012. Retrieved May 7, 2012.
  12. ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  13. ^ "NOAA Online Weather Data". National Weather Service. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
  14. ^ "US Census Bureau City and Town Population Totals: 2020-2024". census.gov. United States Census Bureau. Retrieved May 15, 2025.
  15. ^ "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 31, 2008.
  16. ^ "Vestas breaks ground on Colorado wind-turbine plants". March 25, 2009.
  17. ^ Nelson, Ethan (June 19, 2020). "2020 Denver-area chambers of commerce and economic development organizations". BizJournals.com. Retrieved 2024-05-13.
  18. ^ "About Us - Brighton Chamber of Commerce, CO".
  19. ^ Saunders, Patrick (August 17, 2014). "Former Rockies great Todd Helton content in first year away from game". The Denver Post. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  20. ^ "Kane, John L. Jr". Biographical Directory of Federal Judges. Federal Judicial Center. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  21. ^ "Dillon Serna". Major League Soccer. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
  22. ^ Asmar, Melanie (May 28, 2009). "Who was Angie Zapata? Her murderer's trial didn't tell the whole story". Westword. Retrieved May 2, 2016.
[edit]

 

Frequently Asked Questions