How to Create a Low-Maintenance Yard with Artificial Grass

How to Create a Low-Maintenance Yard with Artificial Grass

Las Vegas Artificial Turf For Decks

Benefits of Artificial Grass for Low-Maintenance Yards


Creating a low-maintenance yard can be a dream come true for many homeowners. Quality Artificial Grass Vegas Nevada. One of the best options out there is artificial grass. You might be thinkin, "Why should I choose that?" Well, let me tell you, the benefits are pretty impressive!


First off, artificial grass doesn't require mowing. Yup, you heard that right! No more Saturday mornings spent pushing that heavy mower around the yard. This alone saves you time and energy, which is super important in our busy lives. Plus, you can say goodbye to those noisy gas mowers that annoy your neighbors. You won't miss the smell of gasoline either!


Another great thing about artificial grass is that it doesn't need watering. That's right, you can forget about dragging out the hose every couple of days. This also means you're not wasting water, which is especially crucial during droughts. Environmental benefits? Check! And you won't have to deal with those muddy patches after rain, which is a relief for anyone with pets or kids.


We can't forget about the upkeep. Real grass often requires fertilizers and pesticides to keep it looking fresh and green. With artificial grass, you won't need any of those chemicals. It's a safer option for your family and the environment. Plus, you wont have to deal with pesky weeds popping up either. Who needs that hassle?


Finally, let's talk about aesthetics. Artificial grass stays green all year round, regardless of the weather. So, your yard will always look great! You can enjoy a lush, beautiful lawn without the effort. Isnt that just fantastic?


In conclusion, switching to artificial grass can really simplify your life. It saves time, water, and money on maintenance. If you're looking to create a low-maintenance yard that still looks amazing, artificial grass might just be the perfect solution for you!

Planning and Design Considerations for Your Artificial Grass Lawn


Okay, so, youre thinkin bout ditchin that darn lawnmower and goin artificial, huh? Smart move! Non-Toxic Artificial Grass Las Vegas But hold on there, partner, it aint just rollin out some green stuff and callin it a day. Theres planning and design considerations, ya know!


First off, think about how youll actually use the space. Is it just for lookin pretty (which, hey, no judgment!), or will the kids and dog be tearin it up every afternoon? Las Vegas Turf Installation With Pavers That affects the type of turf you choose (and trust me, theres a lot!). You wouldnt want super delicate grass if Fidos gonna be diggin for buried treasure, would ya?


And location, location, location! That sunny spot where the real grass always fried? Well, artificial grass can get HOT. Consider shade trees, or maybe even some strategically placed (cute!) umbrellas or a pergola. Drainage is also crazy important. You don't wanna a swampy mess after a rain, now do ya? A properly prepared base is essential; dont skip this step!


Also, think about the overall aesthetic. Do you want it to look exactly like real grass? Or are you cool with something a little more... stylized? There are different pile heights, colors, and textures available. You can even get turf that looks like it has little brown bits mixed in to mimic dead grass (for realism, I guess?).


Dont forget about edging! A clean, defined edge will make your artificial lawn look way more polished. You can use pavers, rocks, or even specialized edging products. Just make sure it keeps the turf securely in place, yknow?


Oh, and one more thing! Consider the environment. While artificial grass eliminates the need for watering and fertilizing, its not exactly the most eco-friendly option to produce. So, maybe look into recycled or sustainably sourced options if thats important to you.


Basically, planning and design are key to a low-maintenance artificial grass lawn that youll actually love. Dont skimp on the details, do your research, and youll have a gorgeous, hassle-free yard in no time! Wow!

Choosing the Right Type of Artificial Grass


Choosing the right type of artificial grass can make all the difference when youre aiming for a low-maintenance yard! You dont want to end up with something that looks fake or ends up being more trouble than its worth. First off, consider the amount of foot traffic your yard gets. If its a high-traffic area, youll need a synthetic grass thats tough and durable. Dont pick anything flimsy thats going to start looking shabby after just a few months.


Now, if you have pets, thats another factor to keep in mind. Some artificial grasses are better for dogs because theyre made from materials that wont harm their paws. But uh, you really dont want to get a type thats too soft, because it might not withstand the wear and tear.


Las Vegas Artificial Turf For Decks

Also, think about the weather conditions in your area. If you live somewhere with harsh winters and lots of snow, choose an artificial grass thats UV-resistant and can handle freezing temperatures. Dont go for something thats going to turn brittle and crack come winter time.


Lastly, dont forget about aesthetics. Pick a color and texture that complements your homes style. Its not just about functionality, you want it to look good too!


So, yeah, choosing the right artificial grass is crucial. You dont wanna make a mistake thatll leave you scratching your head later on. Hope this helps!

DIY Installation vs. Professional Installation


Okay, so youre thinking about artificial grass for a low-maintenance yard, huh? Smart move! But then comes the big question: DIY installation versus professional installation. It aint as simple as flipping a coin, I tell ya!


Honestly, tackling it yourself (DIY) can seem super tempting. You're thinking, "Hey, I can save a buttload of cash!" And yeah, maybe you can. Theres no denying that hiring a professional can cost a pretty penny. Plus, you get the satisfaction of saying, "I did that!" But hold on a sec. Do you really know what youre getting into?


Installing artificial turf isnt not easy peasy lemon squeezy. Theres ground prep, leveling, compacting, seaming, infill...the list goes on. Messing up any of these steps can lead to wrinkles, drainage problems (yikes!), and a whole lot of frustration. And trust me, fixing it later will probably cost ya even more than just hiring a pro in the first place.


A professional, on the other hand, brings experience and expertise to the table. They know the best techniques, use the right tools, and can handle unexpected problems that might pop up. Theyll also often offer a warranty, which is a major peace of mind! Its like, if something goes wrong, youre not stuck holding the bag.


Ultimately, the decision depends on your skills, your budget, and your tolerance for risk. Are you handy? Do you have the necessary equipment? Are you okay with potentially redoing some sections if things dont go exactly as planned? If the answer is no to any of these, maybe, just maybe, swallow your pride and call a pro. It might save you a headache (and a whole lot of money!) in the long run! Good luck!

Step-by-Step Guide to Installing Artificial Grass


Alright, so youre looking to give your lawn a makeover and make it low maintenance? Installing artificial grass might just be the solution youre after! Now, I know it sounds like a big job, but trust me, its not as daunting as it seems. Heres a step-by-step guide to get you started.


First things first, you need to prepare the area. This means clearing out all the weeds, rocks, and debris from your lawn. It's actually a great opportunity to give your yard a thorough cleaning! Don't worry if it takes a bit longer than you expected; patience is key here.


Once the area is clear, its time to measure and mark the dimensions of your lawn. This step is crucial because you don't want to end up with extra grass or fall short. Use stakes and string to outline the perimeter; it's like drawing a map for your artificial grass installation!


Now comes the fun part - laying down the underlayment. This layer provides insulation and helps with drainage. Make sure its smooth and even before moving on to the next step. You wouldn't want any bumps or lumps causing trouble later on, right?


After the underlayment, its time to unroll the artificial grass. Start from one corner and work your way across the lawn, smoothing out as you go. This can be a bit tricky, so take your time and don't rush it. You might even want to enlist some help to make sure everything looks neat and tidy.


The next step involves cutting the grass to fit around obstacles like trees or flower beds. This part requires a sharp knife and a steady hand. Be careful not to cut any more than necessary; you wouldn't want to waste material!


Securing the edges is probably the most challenging part. You'll need to use stakes, clips, or even a border to hold the grass in place. It's a bit fussy, but it's essential for a professional-looking finish. Don't skip this step just because it seems like a hassle.


Lastly, its important to trim and blend the edges of your artificial grass with any natural grass remaining. This step helps everything look cohesive and polished. You might not notice it, but it makes a big difference in the overall appearance.


And there you have it, a step-by-step guide to installing artificial grass! It's a lot of work, but the end result is worth it. You'll have a lush, low-maintenance yard that requires minimal effort to keep looking great. So, what are you waiting for? Get started and enjoy your new, easy-care outdoor space!

Maintaining Your Artificial Grass for Longevity


Maintaining your artificial grass for longevity is super important if you wanna create a low-maintenance yard! You see, even though fake grass doesnt need water or mowing, it can still get pretty dirty over time. So, you gotta clean it out regularly. And guess what? You don't have to do it every day! Once a week should be more than enough. Just use a leaf blower to knock off all the leaves and debris. Its quick, easy, and doesnt take much effort at all.


Now, here's a thing you probably wont think about: pets. If you have a furry friend, their claws can actually start to tear up the surface of the artificial grass. To avoid this, try to keep them from scratching in one spot too much. You could even consider buying a special pad for them to scratch on, which might save your yard from unnecessary wear and tear. Believe me, it's worth the investment!


Another tip is to steer clear of heavy chemicals like weed killer. They might work wonders on real grass, but they can be harsh on synthetic turf. Instead, just give it a good rinse with a garden hose if you notice any stains. I swear, natural rainwater does a great job too, so let Mother Nature help out whenever she can!


Lastly, never forget to inspect your artificial grass for tears or loose seams. If you catch these issues early, fixing them is a breeze. But if you ignore them, they could turn into bigger problems down the road. Trust me, it's better to be proactive than reactive when it comes to taking care of your yard.


So there you have it! A few simple steps to make sure your artificial grass stays looking fresh and beautiful for years to come, without breaking your back or your bank. Hope these tips help!

Cost Analysis: Artificial Grass vs. Natural Grass


Cost Analysis: Artificial Grass vs. Natural Grass


Alright, listen up! When youre thinkin bout switching to artificial grass for a low-maintenance yard, the price tag is, like, super important. We gotta talk cold, hard cash! Natural grass, initially, it aint gonna break the bank. A bag of seeds and some fertilizer? Cheap as chips, right? But dont get fooled. Thats just the beginning.


Think bout water bills. Theyre gonna skyrocket, specially during drier months. And what about the cost of mowing? You gotta buy a mower (or pay someone to mow). Plus, theres fertilizer, weed killer (ugh, chemicals!), and other lawn care products. Honestly, its a never-ending cycle of spendin. Not to mention, the time commitment! Whos got time for all that?


Artificial grass, on the other hand, yeah, its more expensive upfront. (Ouch!). Youre payin for the materials and installation. But, hey, after that initial investment, its basically smooth sailing. You wont be stuck with, well, any water bills related to your lawn. No mowin, no fertilizing, no nothin! Its a huge time saver, and in the long run, it can actually save you money! It aint always just bout the initial price, ya know? Its bout the total cost of ownership over time. Choosing artificial grass doesnt mean youre not getting a beautiful, green lawn. You are! It just means youre not gonna be a slave to it!

Featured In

Sustainable landscaping is a modern type of gardening or landscaping that takes the environmental issue of sustainability into account. According to Loehrlein in 2009 this includes design, construction and management of residential and commercial gardens and incorporates organic lawn management and organic gardening techniques.[1]

Definition

[edit]

A sustainable garden is designed to be both attractive and in balance with the local climate and environment and it should require minimal resource inputs. Thus, the design must be “functional, cost-efficient, visually pleasing, environmentally friendly and maintainable".[2] As part of sustainable development, it pays close attention to preserving limited resources, reducing waste, and preventing air, water and soil pollution. Compost, fertilization, integrated pest management, using the right plant in the right place, appropriate use of turf and xeriscaping (water-wise gardening) are all components of sustainable landscaping.

Benefits

[edit]

Sustainability can help urban commercial landscaping companies save money.[3] In California, gardens often do not outweigh the cost of inputs like water and labor. However, using appropriately selected and properly sited plants may help to ensure that maintenance costs are lower because of reduced inputs.

Issues

[edit]

Sustainability issues for landscaping include:

Non-sustainable practices include:

Solutions

[edit]

Some of the solutions are:

Proper design

[edit]

One step to garden design is to do a "sustainability audit". This is similar to a landscape site analysis that is typically performed by landscape designers at the beginning of the design process. Factors such as lot size, house size, local covenants and budgets should be considered. The steps to design include a base plan, site inventory and analysis, construction documents, implementation and maintenance.[2] Of great importance is considerations related to the growing conditions of the site. These include orientation to the sun, soil type, wind flow, slopes, shade and climate, the goal of reducing irrigation and use of toxic substances, and requires proper plant selection for the specific site.

Sustainable landscaping is not only important because it saves money, it also limits the human impact on the surrounding ecosystem. However, planting species not native to the landscape may introduce invasive plant species as well as new wildlife that was not in the ecosystem before. Altering the ecosystem is a major problem and meeting with an expert with experience with the wildlife and agriculture in the area will help avoid this.[26]

Irrigation

[edit]

Mulch may be used to reduce water loss due to evaporation, reduce weeds, minimize erosion, dust and mud problems. Mulch can also add nutrients to the soil when it decomposes. However, mulch is most often used for weed suppression. Overuse of mulch can result in harm to the selected plantings. Care must be taken in the source of the mulch, for instance, black walnut trees result in a toxic mulch product. Grasscycling turf areas (using mulching mowers that leave grass clippings on the lawn) will also decrease the amount of fertilizer needed, reduce landfill waste and reduce costs of disposal.[27]

A common recommendation is to add 2-4 inches of mulch in flower beds and under trees away from the trunk. Mulch should be applied under trees to the dripline (extension of the branches) in lieu of flowers, hostas, turf or other plants that are often planted there. This practice of planting under trees is detrimental to tree roots, especially when such plants are irrigated to an excessive level that harms the tree. One must be careful not to apply mulch to the bark of the tree. It can result in smothering, mould and insect depredation.

The practice of xeriscaping or water-wise gardening suggests that placing plants with similar water demands together will save time and low-water or drought-tolerant plants would be a smart initial consideration.

A homeowner may consider consulting an accredited irrigation technician/auditor and obtain a water audit of current systems. Drip or sub-surface irrigation may be useful. Using evapotranspiration controllers, soil sensors and refined control panels will reduce water loss. Irrigation heads may need readjustment to avoid sprinkling on sidewalks or streets. Business owners may consider developing watering schedules based on historical or actual weather data and soil probes to monitor soil moisture prior to watering.[2]

An example of sustainable irrigation (Drip Irrigation)

Building materials

[edit]

When deciding what kind of building materials to put on a site it is important to recycle as often as possible, such as for example by reusing old bricks.

It is also important to be careful about what materials you use, especially if you plan to grow food crops. Old telephone poles and railroad ties have usually been treated with a toxic substance called creosote that can leach into the soils.

Sustainably harvested lumber is available, in which ecological, economic and social factors are integrated into the management of trees used for lumber.[28]

Planting selection

[edit]

One important part of sustainable landscaping is plant selection. Most of what makes a landscape unsustainable is the amount of inputs required to grow a non-native plant on it. What this means is that a local plant, which has adapted to local climate conditions will require less work to flourish. Instead, drought-tolerant plants like succulents and cacti are better suited to survive.

Plants used as windbreaks can save up to 30% on heating costs in winter. They also help with shading a residence or commercial building in summer, create cool air through evapotranspiration and can cool hardscape areas such as driveways and sidewalks.[29]

Irrigation is an excellent end-use option in greywater recycling and rainwater harvesting systems, and a composting toilet can cover (at least) some of the nutrient requirements.[30] Not all fruit trees are suitable for greywater irrigation, as reclaimed greywater is typically of high pH and acidophile plants don't do well in alkaline environments.

Energy conservation may be achieved by placing broadleaf deciduous trees near the east, west and optionally north-facing walls of the house. Such selection provides shading in the summer while permitting large amounts of heat-carrying solar radiation to strike the house in the winter. The trees are to be placed as closely as possible to the house walls. As the efficiency of photovoltaic panels and passive solar heating is sensitive to shading, experts suggest the complete absence of trees near the south side.

Another choice would be that of a dense vegetative fence composed of evergreens (e.g. conifers) near that side from which cold continental winds blow and also that side from which the prevailing winds blow. Such a choice creates a winter windbreak that prevents low temperatures outside the house and reduces air infiltration towards the inside. Calculations show that placing the windbreak at a distance twice the height of the trees can reduce the wind velocity by 75%.[31]

The above vegetative arrangements come with two disadvantages. Firstly, they minimize air circulation in summer although in many climates heating is more important and costly than cooling, and, secondly, they may affect the efficiency of photovoltaic panels. However, it has been estimated that if both arrangements are applied properly, they can reduce the overall house energy usage by up to 22%.[31]

Sustainable lawns

[edit]
An example of a sustainable lawn

Lawns are often used as the center point of a landscape. While there are many different species of grass, only a limited amount are considered sustainable. Knowing the climate around the landscape is ideal for saving water and being sustainable. For example, in southern California having a grass lawn of tall fescue will typically need upwards of 1,365 cubic metres (360,500 US gal) of water. A lawn in the same place made up of mixed beds with various trees, shrubs, and ground cover will normally need 202 cubic metres (53,300 US gal) of water.[32] Having gravel, wood chips or bark, mulch, rubber mulch, artificial grass, patio, wood or composite deck, rock garden, or a succulent garden are all considered sustainable landscape techniques. Other species of plants other than grass that can take up a lawn are lantana, clover, creeping ivy, creeping thyme, oregano, rosemary hedges, silver pony foot, moneywort, chamomile, yarrow, creeping lily turf, ice plant, and stonecrop.[citation needed]

Maintenance

[edit]

Pests

[edit]

It is best to start with pest-free plant materials and supplies and close inspection of the plant upon purchase is recommended. Establishing diversity within the area of plant species will encourage populations of beneficial organisms (e.g. birds, insects), which feed on potential plant pests. Attracting a wide variety of organisms with a variety of host plants has shown to be effective in increasing pollinator presence in agriculture.[33] Because plant pests vary from plant to plant, assessing the problem correctly is half the battle. The owner must consider whether the plant can tolerate the damage caused by the pest. If not, then does the plant justify some sort of treatment? Physical barriers may help.[2] Landscape managers should make use of Integrated Pest Management to reduce the use of pesticides and herbicides.

Pruning

[edit]

Proper pruning will increase air circulation and may decrease the likelihood of plant diseases. However, improper pruning is detrimental to shrubs and trees.[2]

Programs

[edit]

There are several programs in place that are open to participation by various groups. For example, the Audubon Cooperative Sanctuary Program for golf courses,[34] the Audubon Green Neighborhoods Program,[35] and the National Wildlife Federation’s Backyard Habitat Program,[36] to name a few.

The Sustainable Sites Initiative, began in 2005, provides a points-based certification for landscapes, similar to the LEED program for buildings operated by the Green Building Council. It has guidelines and performance benchmarks.[37]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Loehrlein, Marietta (26 September 2013). Sustainable Landscaping: Principles and Practices. CRC Press. ISBN 9781466593206. Editor note: info in Wikipedia taken in November 2009 from her now defunct personal website and a class she gave on her former university webspace
  2. ^ a b c d e Colorado State University Extension. http://www.ext.colostate.edu/Pubs/Garden/07243.html. Viewed 11-15-09.
  3. ^ Buiten, Tim (19 October 2020). "Commercial Landscape Management: How to Maximize Your ROI". Tim's Complete. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
  4. ^ "Sustainable Landscapes and its Benefits – Debating Science". Retrieved 2019-11-21.
  5. ^ Rowe, B., J. Andersen, J. Lloyd, T. Mrozowski and K. Getter. The green roof research at Michigan State University. http://hrt.msu.edu/greenroof/ Viewed 7/30/2007.
  6. ^ Robinette, G. O. and K. W. Sloan. 1984. Water conservation in landscape design and management. Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. NY. 258pp.
  7. ^ PennState Center for Green Roof Research. http://web.me.com/rdberghage/Centerforgreenroof/Home.html. Viewed 9/23/09.
  8. ^ Carver, S. 2008. Water-wise landscaping can improve conservation efforts. Landscape Mgmt. May/June Suppl Livescapes. P. 8.
  9. ^ Eberle, W. M. and J. G. Thomas. 1981. Some water-saving ways. Kansas State Ext. 4pp.
  10. ^ Krizner, K. 2008. Smart water solutions. Landscape Management May/June. p. 31-2
  11. ^ White, J.D. 2008. When the well runs dry: managing water before it becomes a crisis. GrowerTalks. Aug. pp. 42-43.
  12. ^ Campbell, C. S. and M. H. Ogden. Constructed wetlands in the sustainable landscape. 1999. Wiley & Sons. NY. 270pp.
  13. ^ Melby, P. and T. Cathcart 2002. Regenerative design techniques : practical applications in landscape design. Wiley. New York. 410 p.
  14. ^ Harker, D., G. Libby. Harker, K. Evans, S. Evans, M. 1999. Landscape Restoration Handbook, 2nd ed. Lewis Publishers. Boca Raton. 865pp.
  15. ^ Fizzell, J. A. 1983. Landscape designers must put energy conservation in their plans. Amer. Nurseryman. 157:65-71.
  16. ^ Pitt, D. G. J. Kissida and W. Gould. 1980. How to design a windbreak residential landscaping. Amer. Nurseryman. Vol. 152(10): 10-11.
  17. ^ Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute. Permeable interlocking concrete pavement: a comparison guide to porous asphalt and pervious concrete. http://www.icpi.org/myproject/PICP%20Comparison%20Brochure.pdf. Viewed June 2008.
  18. ^ Kerkhoff, K. L. 2006. How to capitalize and reduce stormwater runoff in your landscapes. Grounds Maint. P. 70.
  19. ^ Thompson,W. J., K. Sorvig and Farnsworth, C. D. 2000. "Sustainable Landscape Construction". Island Pr. Washington, D.C. 348p.
  20. ^ EPA. 1998. Landscaping products containing recovered materials. USEPA Solid Waste and Emergency Response. 8pp.
  21. ^ Bramwell, J. 2006. Power with a conscience. Amer. Nurseryman. 203(3):33-37.
  22. ^ "Lawn Reform Coalition". Archived from the original on March 5, 2010.
  23. ^ "5 Water-Saving Ways to Replace Lawns During California's Drought". 2015-05-21. Archived from the original on May 24, 2015.
  24. ^ "Outgrowing the Traditional Grass Lawn".
  25. ^ "Meadows and Prairies: Wildlife-Friendly Alternatives to Lawn".
  26. ^ "Benefits Of Sustainable Landscaping". elite-horticulture. Retrieved 2019-11-19.
  27. ^ California Integrated Waste Management Board. http://www.ciwmb.ca.gov/Organics/landscaping/
  28. ^ http://www.bearcreeklumber.com/products/intextboth/sustainable.html. Viewed 12-07-09.
  29. ^ Farmstead Windbreaks: Planning. http://www.extension.iastate.edu/Publications/PM1716.pdf. Retrieved 12-12-09.
  30. ^ Ghaly, Abdelkader (July 2021). "Greywater Sources, Characteristics, Utilization and Management Guidelines: a review". Research Article.
  31. ^ a b "Green from the ground up" by D. Johnston and S. Gibson
  32. ^ Pittenger M.S, Dennis (2014). "KEEPING LANDSCAPES GREEN WITH LESS GREEN" (PDF). cite journal: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  33. ^ Cole, Lorna J.; Brocklehurst, Sarah; Robertson, Duncan; Harrison, William; McCracken, David I. (December 2015). "Riparian buffer strips: Their role in the conservation of insect pollinators in intensive grassland systems". Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 211: 207–220. Bibcode:2015AgEE..211..207C. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2015.06.012. ISSN 0167-8809.
  34. ^ http://Audubon International. acspgolf.auduboninternational.org/. Viewed 9/23/09.
  35. ^ Green Neighborhoods http://gn.auduboninternational.org/. Viewed 9/23/09
  36. ^ Garden for Wildlife. http://www.nwf.org/gardenforwildlife/certify.cfm?campaignid=WH09KLBR. Viewed 9/23/09.
  37. ^ The Sustainable Sites Initiative. http://www.sustainablesites.org/report/SSI_Guidelines_Draft_2008.pdf. Viewed 9/23/09.

 

Land cover surrounding Madison, Wisconsin. Fields are colored yellow and brown and urban surfaces are colored red.
Impervious surfaces surrounding Madison, Wisconsin
Canopy cover surrounding Madison, Wisconsin

Landscape ecology is the science of studying and improving relationships between ecological processes in the environment and particular ecosystems. This is done within a variety of landscape scales, development spatial patterns, and organizational levels of research and policy.[1][2][3] Landscape ecology can be described as the science of "landscape diversity" as the synergetic result of biodiversity and geodiversity.[4]

As a highly interdisciplinary field in systems science, landscape ecology integrates biophysical and analytical approaches with humanistic and holistic perspectives across the natural sciences and social sciences. Landscapes are spatially heterogeneous geographic areas characterized by diverse interacting patches or ecosystems, ranging from relatively natural terrestrial and aquatic systems such as forests, grasslands, and lakes to human-dominated environments including agricultural and urban settings.[2][5][6]

The most salient characteristics of landscape ecology are its emphasis on the relationship among pattern, process and scales, and its focus on broad-scale ecological and environmental issues. These necessitate the coupling between biophysical and socioeconomic sciences. Key research topics in landscape ecology include ecological flows in landscape mosaics, land use and land cover change, scaling, relating landscape pattern analysis with ecological processes, and landscape conservation and sustainability.[7] Landscape ecology also studies the role of human impacts on landscape diversity in the development and spreading of new human pathogens that could trigger epidemics.[8][9]

Terminology

[edit]

The German term Landschaftsökologie – thus landscape ecology – was coined by German geographer Carl Troll in 1939.[10] He developed this terminology and many early concepts of landscape ecology as part of his early work, which consisted of applying aerial photograph interpretation to studies of interactions between environment and vegetation.

Explanation

[edit]

Heterogeneity is the measure of how parts of a landscape differ from one another. Landscape ecology looks at how this spatial structure affects organism abundance at the landscape level, as well as the behavior and functioning of the landscape as a whole. This includes studying the influence of pattern, or the internal order of a landscape, on process, or the continuous operation of functions of organisms.[11] Landscape ecology also includes geomorphology as applied to the design and architecture of landscapes.[12] Geomorphology is the study of how geological formations are responsible for the structure of a landscape.

History

[edit]

Evolution of theory

[edit]

One central landscape ecology theory originated from MacArthur & Wilson's The Theory of Island Biogeography. This work considered the biodiversity on islands as the result of competing forces of colonization from a mainland stock and stochastic extinction. The concepts of island biogeography were generalized from physical islands to abstract patches of habitat by Levins' metapopulation model (which can be applied e.g. to forest islands in the agricultural landscape[13]). This generalization spurred the growth of landscape ecology by providing conservation biologists a new tool to assess how habitat fragmentation affects population viability. Recent growth of landscape ecology owes much to the development of geographic information systems (GIS)[14] and the availability of large-extent habitat data (e.g. remotely sensed datasets).

Development as a discipline

[edit]

Landscape ecology developed in Europe from historical planning on human-dominated landscapes. Concepts from general ecology theory were integrated in North America.[when?] While general ecology theory and its sub-disciplines focused on the study of more homogenous, discrete community units organized in a hierarchical structure (typically as ecosystems, populations, species, and communities), landscape ecology built upon heterogeneity in space and time. It frequently included human-caused landscape changes in theory and application of concepts.[15]

By 1980, landscape ecology was a discrete, established discipline. It was marked by the organization of the International Association for Landscape Ecology (IALE) in 1982. Landmark book publications defined the scope and goals of the discipline, including Naveh and Lieberman[16] and Forman and Godron.[17][18] Forman[6] wrote that although study of "the ecology of spatial configuration at the human scale" was barely a decade old, there was strong potential for theory development and application of the conceptual framework.

Today, theory and application of landscape ecology continues to develop through a need for innovative applications in a changing landscape and environment. Landscape ecology relies on advanced technologies such as remote sensing, GIS, and models. There has been associated development of powerful quantitative methods to examine the interactions of patterns and processes.[5] An example would be determining the amount of carbon present in the soil based on landform over a landscape, derived from GIS maps, vegetation types, and rainfall data for a region. Remote sensing work has been used to extend landscape ecology to the field of predictive vegetation mapping, for instance by Janet Franklin.

Definitions/conceptions of landscape ecology

[edit]

Nowadays, at least six different conceptions of landscape ecology can be identified: one group tending toward the more disciplinary concept of ecology (subdiscipline of biology; in conceptions 2, 3, and 4) and another group—characterized by the interdisciplinary study of relations between human societies and their environment—inclined toward the integrated view of geography (in conceptions 1, 5, and 6):[19]

  1. Interdisciplinary analysis of subjectively defined landscape units (e.g. Neef School[20][21]): Landscapes are defined in terms of uniformity in land use. Landscape ecology explores the landscape's natural potential in terms of functional utility for human societies. To analyse this potential, it is necessary to draw on several natural sciences.
  2. Topological ecology at the landscape scale[22][23] 'Landscape' is defined as a heterogeneous land area composed of a cluster of interacting ecosystems (woods, meadows, marshes, villages, etc.) that is repeated in similar form throughout. It is explicitly stated that landscapes are areas at a kilometres wide human scale of perception, modification, etc. Landscape ecology describes and explains the landscapes' characteristic patterns of ecosystems and investigates the flux of energy, mineral nutrients, and species among their component ecosystems, providing important knowledge for addressing land-use issues.
  3. Organism-centered, multi-scale topological ecology (e.g. John A. Wiens[24][25]): Explicitly rejecting views expounded by Troll, Zonneveld, Naveh, Forman & Godron, etc., landscape and landscape ecology are defined independently of human perceptions, interests, and modifications of nature. 'Landscape' is defined – regardless of scale – as the 'template' on which spatial patterns influence ecological processes. Not humans, but rather the respective species being studied is the point of reference for what constitutes a landscape.
  4. Topological ecology at the landscape level of biological organisation (e.g. Urban et al.[26]): On the basis of ecological hierarchy theory, it is presupposed that nature is working at multiple scales and has different levels of organisation which are part of a rate-structured, nested hierarchy. Specifically, it is claimed that, above the ecosystem level, a landscape level exists which is generated and identifiable by high interaction intensity between ecosystems, a specific interaction frequency and, typically, a corresponding spatial scale. Landscape ecology is defined as ecology that focuses on the influence exerted by spatial and temporal patterns on the organisation of, and interaction among, functionally integrated multispecies ecosystems.
  5. Analysis of social-ecological systems using the natural and social sciences and humanities (e.g. Leser;[27] Naveh;[28][29] Zonneveld[30]): Landscape ecology is defined as an interdisciplinary super-science that explores the relationship between human societies and their specific environment, making use of not only various natural sciences, but also social sciences and humanities. This conception is grounded in the assumption that social systems are linked to their specific ambient ecological system in such a way that both systems together form a co-evolutionary, self-organising unity called 'landscape'. Societies' cultural, social and economic dimensions are regarded as an integral part of the global ecological hierarchy, and landscapes are claimed to be the manifest systems of the 'total human ecosystem' (Naveh) which encompasses both the physical ('geospheric') and mental ('noospheric') spheres.
  6. Ecology guided by cultural meanings of lifeworldly landscapes (frequently pursued in practice[31] but not defined, but see, e.g., Hard;[32] Trepl[19]): Landscape ecology is defined as ecology that is guided by an external aim, namely, to maintain and develop lifeworldly landscapes. It provides the ecological knowledge necessary to achieve these goals. It investigates how to sustain and develop those populations and ecosystems which (i) are the material 'vehicles' of lifeworldly, aesthetic and symbolic landscapes and, at the same time, (ii) meet societies' functional requirements, including provisioning, regulating, and supporting ecosystem services. Thus landscape ecology is concerned mainly with the populations and ecosystems which have resulted from traditional, regionally specific forms of land use.

Relationship to ecological theory

[edit]

Some research programmes of landscape ecology theory, namely those standing in the European tradition, may be slightly outside of the "classical and preferred domain of scientific disciplines" because of the large, heterogeneous areas of study. However, general ecology theory is central to landscape ecology theory in many aspects. Landscape ecology consists of four main principles: the development and dynamics of spatial heterogeneity, interactions and exchanges across heterogeneous landscapes, influences of spatial heterogeneity on biotic and abiotic processes, and the management of spatial heterogeneity. The main difference from traditional ecological studies, which frequently assume that systems are spatially homogenous, is the consideration of spatial patterns.[33]

Important terms

[edit]

Landscape ecology not only created new terms, but also incorporated existing ecological terms in new ways. Many of the terms used in landscape ecology are as interconnected and interrelated as the discipline itself.

Landscape

[edit]

Certainly, 'landscape' is a central concept in landscape ecology. It is, however, defined in quite different ways. For example:[19] Carl Troll conceives of landscape not as a mental construct but as an objectively given 'organic entity', a harmonic individuum of space.[34] Ernst Neef[20][21] defines landscapes as sections within the uninterrupted earth-wide interconnection of geofactors which are defined as such on the basis of their uniformity in terms of a specific land use, and are thus defined in an anthropocentric and relativistic way. According to Richard Forman and Michel Godron,[22] a landscape is a heterogeneous land area composed of a cluster of interacting ecosystems that is repeated in similar form throughout, whereby they list woods, meadows, marshes and villages as examples of a landscape's ecosystems, and state that a landscape is an area at least a few kilometres wide. John A. Wiens[24][25] opposes the traditional view expounded by Carl Troll, Isaak S. Zonneveld, Zev Naveh, Richard T. T. Forman/Michel Godron and others that landscapes are arenas in which humans interact with their environments on a kilometre-wide scale; instead, he defines 'landscape'—regardless of scale—as "the template on which spatial patterns influence ecological processes".[25][35] Some define 'landscape' as an area containing two or more ecosystems in close proximity.[15]

Scale and heterogeneity (incorporating composition, structure, and function)

[edit]

A main concept in landscape ecology is scale. Scale represents the real world as translated onto a map, relating distance on a map image and the corresponding distance on earth.[36] Scale is also the spatial or temporal measure of an object or a process,[33] or amount of spatial resolution.[6] Components of scale include composition, structure, and function, which are all important ecological concepts. Applied to landscape ecology, composition refers to the number of patch types (see below) represented on a landscape and their relative abundance. For example, the amount of forest or wetland, the length of forest edge, or the density of roads can be aspects of landscape composition. Structure is determined by the composition, the configuration, and the proportion of different patches across the landscape, while function refers to how each element in the landscape interacts based on its life cycle events.[33] Pattern is the term for the contents and internal order of a heterogeneous area of land.[17]

A landscape with structure and pattern implies that it has spatial heterogeneity, or the uneven distribution of objects across the landscape.[6] Heterogeneity is a key element of landscape ecology that separates this discipline from other branches of ecology. Landscape heterogeneity is able to quantify with agent-based methods as well.[37]

Patch and mosaic

[edit]

Patch, a term fundamental to landscape ecology, is defined as a relatively homogeneous area that differs from its surroundings.[6] Patches are the basic unit of the landscape that change and fluctuate, a process called patch dynamics. Patches have a definite shape and spatial configuration, and can be described compositionally by internal variables such as number of trees, number of tree species, height of trees, or other similar measurements.[6]

Matrix is the "background ecological system" of a landscape with a high degree of connectivity. Connectivity is the measure of how connected or spatially continuous a corridor, network, or matrix is.[6] For example, a forested landscape (matrix) with fewer gaps in forest cover (open patches) will have higher connectivity. Corridors have important functions as strips of a particular type of landscape differing from adjacent land on both sides.[6] A network is an interconnected system of corridors while mosaic describes the pattern of patches, corridors, and matrix that form a landscape in its entirety.[6]

Boundary and edge

[edit]

Landscape patches have a boundary between them which can be defined or fuzzy.[15] The zone composed of the edges of adjacent ecosystems is the boundary.[6] Edge means the portion of an ecosystem near its perimeter, where influences of the adjacent patches can cause an environmental difference between the interior of the patch and its edge. This edge effect includes a distinctive species composition or abundance.[6] For example, when a landscape is a mosaic of perceptibly different types, such as a forest adjacent to a grassland, the edge is the location where the two types adjoin. In a continuous landscape, such as a forest giving way to open woodland, the exact edge location is fuzzy and is sometimes determined by a local gradient exceeding a threshold, such as the point where the tree cover falls below thirty-five percent.[33]

Ecotones, ecoclines, and ecotopes

[edit]

A type of boundary is the ecotone, or the transitional zone between two communities.[12] Ecotones can arise naturally, such as a lakeshore, or can be human-created, such as a cleared agricultural field from a forest.[12] The ecotonal community retains characteristics of each bordering community and often contains species not found in the adjacent communities. Classic examples of ecotones include fencerows, forest to marshlands transitions, forest to grassland transitions, or land-water interfaces such as riparian zones in forests. Characteristics of ecotones include vegetational sharpness, physiognomic change, occurrence of a spatial community mosaic, many exotic species, ecotonal species, spatial mass effect, and species richness higher or lower than either side of the ecotone.[38]

An ecocline is another type of landscape boundary, but it is a gradual and continuous change in environmental conditions of an ecosystem or community. Ecoclines help explain the distribution and diversity of organisms within a landscape because certain organisms survive better under certain conditions, which change along the ecocline. They contain heterogeneous communities which are considered more environmentally stable than those of ecotones.[39] An ecotope is a spatial term representing the smallest ecologically distinct unit in mapping and classification of landscapes.[6] Relatively homogeneous, they are spatially explicit landscape units used to stratify landscapes into ecologically distinct features. They are useful for the measurement and mapping of landscape structure, function, and change over time, and to examine the effects of disturbance and fragmentation.

Disturbance and fragmentation

[edit]

Disturbance is an event that significantly alters the pattern of variation in the structure or function of a system. Fragmentation is the breaking up of a habitat, ecosystem, or land-use type into smaller parcels.[6] Disturbance is generally considered a natural process. Fragmentation causes land transformation, an important process in landscapes as development occurs.

An important consequence of repeated, random clearing (whether by natural disturbance or human activity) is that contiguous cover can break down into isolated patches. This happens when the area cleared exceeds a critical level, which means that landscapes exhibit two phases: connected and disconnected.[40]

Theory

[edit]

Landscape ecology theory stresses the role of human impacts on landscape structures and functions. It also proposes ways for restoring degraded landscapes.[16] Landscape ecology explicitly includes humans as entities that cause functional changes on the landscape.[15] Landscape ecology theory includes the landscape stability principle, which emphasizes the importance of landscape structural heterogeneity in developing resistance to disturbances, recovery from disturbances, and promoting total system stability.[17] This principle is a major contribution to general ecological theories which highlight the importance of relationships among the various components of the landscape.

Integrity of landscape components helps maintain resistance to external threats, including development and land transformation by human activity.[5] Analysis of land use change has included a strongly geographical approach which has led to the acceptance of the idea of multifunctional properties of landscapes.[18] There are still calls for a more unified theory of landscape ecology due to differences in professional opinion among ecologists and its interdisciplinary approach (Bastian 2001).

An important related theory is hierarchy theory, which refers to how systems of discrete functional elements operate when linked at two or more scales. For example, a forested landscape might be hierarchically composed of drainage basins, which in turn are composed of local ecosystems, which are in turn composed of individual trees and gaps.[6] Recent theoretical developments in landscape ecology have emphasized the relationship between pattern and process, as well as the effect that changes in spatial scale has on the potential to extrapolate information across scales.[33] Several studies suggest that the landscape has critical thresholds at which ecological processes will show dramatic changes, such as the complete transformation of a landscape by an invasive species due to small changes in temperature characteristics which favor the invasive's habitat requirements.[33]

Application

[edit]

Research directions

[edit]

Developments in landscape ecology illustrate the important relationships between spatial patterns and ecological processes. These developments incorporate quantitative methods that link spatial patterns and ecological processes at broad spatial and temporal scales. This linkage of time, space, and environmental change can assist managers in applying plans to solve environmental problems.[5] The increased attention in recent years on spatial dynamics has highlighted the need for new quantitative methods that can analyze patterns, determine the importance of spatially explicit processes, and develop reliable models.[33] Multivariate analysis techniques are frequently used to examine landscape level vegetation patterns. Studies use statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis, canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), or detrended correspondence analysis (DCA), for classifying vegetation. Gradient analysis is another way to determine the vegetation structure across a landscape or to help delineate critical wetland habitat for conservation or mitigation purposes (Choesin and Boerner 2002).[41]

Climate change is another major component in structuring current research in landscape ecology.[42] Ecotones, as a basic unit in landscape studies, may have significance for management under climate change scenarios, since change effects are likely to be seen at ecotones first because of the unstable nature of a fringe habitat.[38] Research in northern regions has examined landscape ecological processes, such as the accumulation of snow, melting, freeze-thaw action, percolation, soil moisture variation, and temperature regimes through long-term measurements in Norway.[43] The study analyzes gradients across space and time between ecosystems of the central high mountains to determine relationships between distribution patterns of animals in their environment. Looking at where animals live, and how vegetation shifts over time, may provide insight into changes in snow and ice over long periods of time across the landscape as a whole.

Other landscape-scale studies maintain that human impact is likely the main determinant of landscape pattern over much of the globe.[44][45] Landscapes may become substitutes for biodiversity measures because plant and animal composition differs between samples taken from sites within different landscape categories. Taxa, or different species, can "leak" from one habitat into another, which has implications for landscape ecology. As human land use practices expand and continue to increase the proportion of edges in landscapes, the effects of this leakage across edges on assemblage integrity may become more significant in conservation. This is because taxa may be conserved across landscape levels, if not at local levels.[46]

Land change modeling

[edit]

Land change modeling is an application of landscape ecology designed to predict future changes in land use. Land change models are used in urban planning, geography, GIS, and other disciplines to gain a clear understanding of the course of a landscape.[47] In recent years, much of the Earth's land cover has changed rapidly, whether from deforestation or the expansion of urban areas.[48]

Relationship to other disciplines

[edit]

Landscape ecology has been incorporated into a variety of ecological subdisciplines. For example, it is closely linked to land change science, the interdisciplinary of land use and land cover change and their effects on surrounding ecology. Another recent development has been the more explicit consideration of spatial concepts and principles applied to the study of lakes, streams, and wetlands in the field of landscape limnology. Seascape ecology is a marine and coastal application of landscape ecology.[49] In addition, landscape ecology has important links to application-oriented disciplines such as agriculture and forestry. In agriculture, landscape ecology has introduced new options for the management of environmental threats brought about by the intensification of agricultural practices. Agriculture has always been a strong human impact on ecosystems.[18]

In forestry, from structuring stands for fuelwood and timber to ordering stands across landscapes to enhance aesthetics, consumer needs have affected conservation and use of forested landscapes. Landscape forestry provides methods, concepts, and analytic procedures for landscape forestry.[50] Landscape ecology has been cited as a contributor to the development of fisheries biology as a distinct biological science discipline,[51] and is frequently incorporated in study design for wetland delineation in hydrology.[39] It has helped shape integrated landscape management.[52] Lastly, landscape ecology has been very influential for progressing sustainability science and sustainable development planning. For example, a recent study assessed sustainable urbanization across Europe using evaluation indices, country-landscapes, and landscape ecology tools and methods.[53]

Landscape ecology has also been combined with population genetics to form the field of landscape genetics, which addresses how landscape features influence the population structure and gene flow of plant and animal populations across space and time[54] and on how the quality of intervening landscape, known as "matrix", influences spatial variation.[55] After the term was coined in 2003, the field of landscape genetics had expanded to over 655 studies by 2010,[56] and continues to grow today. As genetic data has become more readily accessible, it is increasingly being used by ecologists to answer novel evolutionary and ecological questions,[57] many with regard to how landscapes effect evolutionary processes, especially in human-modified landscapes, which are experiencing biodiversity loss.[58]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Wu J (January 2006). "Landscape ecology, cross-disciplinarity, and sustainability science". Landscape Ecology. 21 (1): 1–4. doi:10.1007/s10980-006-7195-2. S2CID 27192835.
  2. ^ a b Wu J, Hobbs R, eds. (2007). Key Topics in Landscape Ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  3. ^ Wu J (2008). "Landscape ecology.". In Jorgensen SE (ed.). Encyclopedia of Ecology. Oxford: Elsevier.
  4. ^ Leser H, Nagel P (2001). "Landscape diversity — a holistic approach". Biodiversity. Springer. pp. 129–143. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-06071-1_9. ISBN 978-3-642-08370-9.
  5. ^ a b c d Turner MG, Gardner RH, O'Neill RV (2001). Landscape Ecology in Theory and Practice. New York, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Forman RT (1995). Land Mosaics: The Ecology of Landscapes and Regions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
  7. ^ Wu & Hobbs 2002
  8. ^ Bloomfield LS, McIntosh TL, Lambin EF (2020-04-01). "Habitat fragmentation, livelihood behaviors, and contact between people and nonhuman primates in Africa". Landscape Ecology. 35 (4): 985–1000. doi:10.1007/s10980-020-00995-w. hdl:2078.1/243632. ISSN 1572-9761. S2CID 214731443.
  9. ^ Bausch DG, Schwarz L (2014-07-31). "Outbreak of ebola virus disease in Guinea: where ecology meets economy". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 8 (7): e3056. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003056. PMC 4117598. PMID 25079231.
  10. ^ Troll C (1939). "Luftbildplan und ökologische Bodenforschung" [Aerial photography and ecological studies of the earth]. Zeitschrift der Gesellschaft für Erdkunde (in German). Berlin: 241–298.
  11. ^ Turner MG (1989). "Landscape ecology: the effect of pattern on process". Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 20: 171–197. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.20.110189.001131.
  12. ^ a b c Allaby M (1998). Oxford Dictionary of Ecology. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
  13. ^ Banaszak J, ed. (2000). Ecology of Forest Islands. Bydgoszcz, Poland: Bydgoszcz University Press. p. 313.
  14. ^ Steiniger S, Hay GJ (September 2009). "Free and open source geographic information tools for landscape ecology" (PDF). Ecological Informatics. 4 (4): 183–95. doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2009.07.004.
  15. ^ a b c d Sanderson J, Harris LD, eds. (2000). Landscape Ecology: A Top-Down Approach. Boca Raton, Florida, USA: Lewis Publishers.
  16. ^ a b Naveh Z, Lieberman A (1984). Landscape ecology: theory and application. New York, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag.
  17. ^ a b c Forman RT, Godron M (1986). Landscape Ecology. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
  18. ^ a b c Ryszkowski L, ed. (2002). Landscape Ecology in Agroecosystems Management. Florida, USA: CRC Press, Boca Raton.
  19. ^ a b c Kirchhoff T, Trepl L, Vicenzotti V (February 2013). "What is landscape ecology? An analysis and evaluation of six different conceptions". Landscape Research. 38 (1): 33–51. doi:10.1080/01426397.2011.640751. S2CID 145421450. All the following quotations and descriptions come from this source.
  20. ^ a b Neef E (1967). Die theoretischen Grundlagen der Landschaftslehre [The theoretical basics of landscape science] (in German). Gotha: Haack.
  21. ^ a b Haase G (1990). "Approaches to, and methods of landscape diagnosis as a basis of landscape planning and landscape management". Ekológia. 9 (1): 31–44.
  22. ^ a b Forman RT, Godron M (November 1981). "Patches and structural components for a landscape ecology". BioScience. 31 (10): 733–40. doi:10.2307/1308780. JSTOR 1308780.
  23. ^ Forman RT, Godron M (1986). Landscape ecology. NY: Wiley.
  24. ^ a b Wiens JA, Milne BT (December 1989). "Scaling of 'landscapes' in landscape ecology, or, landscape ecology from a beetle's perspective". Landscape Ecology. 3 (2): 87–96. doi:10.1007/BF00131172. S2CID 15683804.
  25. ^ a b c Wiens JA (1999). "The science and practice of landscape ecology.". In Klopatek JM, Gardner RH (eds.). Landscape ecological analyses: Issues and applications. NY: Springer. pp. 371–383.
  26. ^ Urban DL, O'Neill RV, Shugart Jr HH (February 1987). "A hierarchical perspective can help scientists understand spatial patterns" (PDF). BioScience. 37 (2): 119–27. doi:10.2307/1310366. JSTOR 1310366.
  27. ^ Leser H (1991). Landschaftsökologie. Ansatz, Modelle, Methodik, Anwendung. Stuttgart: Ulmer.
  28. ^ Naveh Z, Lieberman AS (1984). Landscape ecology. Theory and application. NY: Springer.
  29. ^ Naveh N (2000). "What is holistic landscape ecology? A conceptual introduction". Landscape and Urban Planning. 50 (1–3): 7–26. doi:10.1016/S0169-2046(00)00077-3.
  30. ^ Zonneveld IS (1995). Land ecology: an introduction to landscape ecology as a base for land evaluation, land management and conservation. Amsterdam: SPB.
  31. ^ However, not always under the designation 'landscape ecology', but as part of landscape stewardship, landscape architecture and, first and foremost, environmental or urban and landscape planning.
  32. ^ Hard G (1973). Die Geographie. Eine wissenschaftstheoretische Einführung. Berlin: deGruyter. pp. 92–95.
  33. ^ a b c d e f g Turner MG, Gardner RH, eds. (1991). Quantitative Methods in Landscape Ecology. New York, NY, USA: Springer-Verlag.
  34. ^ Troll C (2007). "The geographic landscape and its investigation.". In Wiens JA, Moss MR, Turner MG, Mladenoff DJ (eds.). Foundation papers in landscape ecology. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 71–101. First published as: Troll C (1950). "Die geographische Landschaft und ihre Erforschung". Studium Generale. Vol. 3. pp. 163–181. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-38240-0_20. ISBN 978-3-662-37475-7. cite book: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  35. ^ Wiens JA (2005). "Toward a unified landscape ecology". In Wiens JA, Moss MR (eds.). Issues and perspectives in landscape ecology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 365–373.
  36. ^ Malczewski J (1999). GIS and Multicriteria Decision Analysis. New York, NY, USA: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
  37. ^ Wirth E, Szabó G, Czinkóczky A (2016-06-07). "Measure of Landscape Heterogeneity by Agent-Based Methodology". ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. III-8: 145–151. Bibcode:2016ISPAnIII8..145W. doi:10.5194/isprs-annals-iii-8-145-2016. ISSN 2194-9042.
  38. ^ a b Walker S, Wilson JB, Steel JB, Rapson GL, Smith B, King WM, Cottam YH (August 2003). "Properties of ecotones: evidence from five ecotones objectively determined from a coastal vegetation gradient". Journal of Vegetation Science. 14 (4): 579–90. doi:10.1111/j.1654-1103.2003.tb02185.x.
  39. ^ a b Attrill MJ, Rundle SD (December 2002). "Ecotone or ecocline: ecological boundaries in estuaries". Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. 55 (6): 929–36. Bibcode:2002ECSS...55..929A. doi:10.1006/ecss.2002.1036.
  40. ^ Green DG, Klomp NI, Rimmington GR, Sadedin S (2006). Complexity in Landscape Ecology. Amsterdam: Springer. Archived from the original on 2008-06-19. Retrieved 2008-03-22.
  41. ^ Lyon J, Sagers CL (September 1998). "Structure of herbaceous plant assemblages in a forested riparian landscape". Plant Ecology. 138 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1023/A:1009705912710. S2CID 28628830.
  42. ^ Ochoa-Hueso R, Delgado-Baquerizo M, King PT, Benham M, Arca V, Power SA (February 2019). "Ecosystem type and resource quality are more important than global change drivers in regulating early stages of litter decomposition". Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 129: 144–152. doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.11.009. hdl:10261/336676. S2CID 92606851.
  43. ^ Löffler J, Finch OD (November 2005). "Spatio-temporal gradients between high mountain ecosystems of central Norway". Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research. 37 (4): 499–513. doi:10.1657/1523-0430(2005)037[0499:sgbhme]2.0.co;2. S2CID 131326887.
  44. ^ Ellis, Erle C.; Gauthier, Nicolas; Klein Goldewijk, Kees; Bliege Bird, Rebecca; Boivin, Nicole; Díaz, Sandra; Fuller, Dorian Q.; Gill, Jacquelyn L.; Kaplan, Jed O.; Kingston, Naomi; Locke, Harvey; McMichael, Crystal N. H.; Ranco, Darren; Rick, Torben C.; Shaw, M. Rebecca (2021-04-27). "People have shaped most of terrestrial nature for at least 12,000 years". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118 (17): e2023483118. doi:10.1073/pnas.2023483118. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 8092386. PMID 33875599.
  45. ^ Wilson JB, King WM (August 1995). "Human-mediated vegetation switches as processes in landscape ecology". Landscape Ecology. 10 (4): 191–6. doi:10.1007/BF00129253. S2CID 772430.
  46. ^ Dangerfield JM, Pik AJ, Britton D, Holmes A, Gillings M, Oliver IA, Briscoe D, Beattie AJ (June 2003). "Patterns of invertebrate biodiversity across a natural edge". Austral Ecology. 28 (3): 227–36. doi:10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01240.x.
  47. ^ National Research Council (2014). Advancing Land Change Modeling: Opportunities and Research Requirements. National Academies Press. pp. Chapter 1. doi:10.17226/18385. ISBN 978-0-309-28833-0.
  48. ^ University of Maryland. "GLCF: Global Land Cover Change". glcf.umd.edu. Archived from the original on 2019-06-09. Retrieved 2018-12-27.
  49. ^ Pittman SJ, ed. (2017). Seascape Ecology. Wiley & Sons.
  50. ^ Boyce SG (1995). Landscape Forestry. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
  51. ^ Magnuson JJ (February 1991). "Fish and fisheries ecology". Ecological Applications. 1 (1): 13–26. doi:10.2307/1941844. JSTOR 1941844. PMID 27755677.
  52. ^ Sayer J (2009). "Reconciling conservation and development: are landscapes the answer?". Biotropica. 41 (6): 649–652. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00575.x. S2CID 85171847.
  53. ^ Shaker RR (September 2015). "The well-being of nations: an empirical assessment of sustainable urbanization for Europe". International Journal of Sustainable Development & World Ecology. 22 (5): 375–87. doi:10.1080/13504509.2015.1055524. S2CID 154904536.
  54. ^ Manel S, Schwartz MK, Luikart G, Taberlet P (April 2003). "Landscape genetics: combining landscape ecology and population genetics". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 18 (4): 189–197. doi:10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00008-9. S2CID 2984426.
  55. ^ Storfer A, Murphy MA, Evans JS, Goldberg CS, Robinson S, Spear SF, et al. (March 2007). "Putting the "landscape" in landscape genetics". Heredity. 98 (3): 128–42. doi:10.1038/sj.hdy.6800917. PMID 17080024.
  56. ^ Storfer A, Murphy MA, Spear SF, Holderegger R, Waits LP (September 2010). "Landscape genetics: where are we now?". Molecular Ecology. 19 (17): 3496–514. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04691.x. PMID 20723061. S2CID 16435893.
  57. ^ Balkenhol N, Cushman S, Storfer A, Waits L (2015-11-09). Landscape Genetics: Concepts, Methods, Applications. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118525296.
  58. ^ Manel S, Holderegger R (October 2013). "Ten years of landscape genetics". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 28 (10): 614–21. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2013.05.012. PMID 23769416.
[edit]

 

Driving Directions in Clark County


Driving Directions
Purchase Green Artificial Grass
Starting Point
Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes
Destination
Open in Google Maps
Driving Directions
Purchase Green Artificial Grass North Las Vegas
Starting Point
Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes
Destination
Open in Google Maps
Driving Directions
Las Vegas Artificial Grass
Starting Point
Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes
Destination
Open in Google Maps
Driving Directions
Big Bully Turf
Starting Point
Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes
Destination
Open in Google Maps
Driving Directions
spring turf
Starting Point
Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes
Destination
Open in Google Maps
Driving Directions
Easy Turf NV
Starting Point
Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes
Destination
Open in Google Maps
Driving Directions
Turf Distributors
Starting Point
Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes
Destination
Open in Google Maps
Driving Directions
US Turf
Starting Point
Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes
Destination
Open in Google Maps
Driving Directions
Realturf Las Vegas
Starting Point
Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes
Destination
Open in Google Maps
Driving Directions
Turf Center
Starting Point
Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes
Destination
Open in Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Synthetic+Grass+Warehouse/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.0665296,-115.2158121,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJAQBAQoTGyIAR2PlduTYWHTs!2m2!1d-115.2158121!2d36.0665296!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e0
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Leisure+Lawn+Artificial+Grass/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@35.9984328,-115.1927508,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJN9GFW5zIyIARx78hNxiaFts!2m2!1d-115.1927508!2d35.9984328!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e2
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Everything+Turf+Pros+-+Artificial+Turf+-+Artificial+Grass+-+Las+Vegas/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.0913135,-115.1921581,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJL2fqbjDryIARAWQH3l-zheg!2m2!1d-115.1921581!2d36.0913135!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e1
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Big+Bully+Turf/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.0412471,-115.0261526,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJyWNUrb_RyIARtwTalTAxvhU!2m2!1d-115.0261526!2d36.0412471!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e3
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Turf+Distributors/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.0391741,-115.025654,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJXzjMKhnEyIAR1y7QVdR2iA4!2m2!1d-115.025654!2d36.0391741!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e0
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Las+Vegas+Artificial+Grass/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.133405,-115.2773223,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJ9-8msNzv3KARLiPvewi2nPs!2m2!1d-115.2773223!2d36.133405!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e2
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Purchase+Green+Artificial+Grass+North+Las+Vegas/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.2388488,-115.1159838,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJ69w90IzCyIARjglk6aQ7apI!2m2!1d-115.1159838!2d36.2388488!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e1
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Pure+Turf+USA/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.0811771,-115.2112828,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJk6OaC9bHyIARImOW65Pfuh8!2m2!1d-115.2112828!2d36.0811771!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e3
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Festival+Turf+Las+Vegas/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.2180061,-115.196022,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJvwlh8l7FyIAR4ZH5QYzhrNA!2m2!1d-115.196022!2d36.2180061!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e0
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/spring+turf/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.0777206,-115.0976588,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJsTJc3ajPyIARBRXXKcFopzc!2m2!1d-115.0976588!2d36.0777206!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e2
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Artificial+Grass+Wholesale+LLC/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.0141114,-115.2034226,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJXypnRN_JyIARerCpKfcOIOQ!2m2!1d-115.2034226!2d36.0141114!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e1
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/US+Turf/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.1091815,-115.1939939,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJqabSEWvHyIARxDl9IC1KPnE!2m2!1d-115.1939939!2d36.1091815!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e3
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/SYNLawn+Las+Vegas/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.1043009,-115.1964405,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJJ9zcQYTGyIARMPOlfb_YQNk!2m2!1d-115.1964405!2d36.1043009!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e0
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Easy+Turf+NV/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.0794951,-115.1966045,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJ2bwWqC3XyIAR2BStwNGMvgQ!2m2!1d-115.1966045!2d36.0794951!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e2
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Turf+Center/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.10857,-115.1939773,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJp1NWfBjHyIARp9os92_36IY!2m2!1d-115.1939773!2d36.10857!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e1
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Purchase+Green+Artificial+Grass/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.0762036,-115.1113273,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJRRslXYjQyIARqGaNqqOqI9s!2m2!1d-115.1113273!2d36.0762036!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e3
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Realturf+Las+Vegas/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.2410963,-115.1205544,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJQwgkibTpyIARmaEIgLXFZqk!2m2!1d-115.1205544!2d36.2410963!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e0
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Las+Vegas+Artificial+Lawns/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.0629946,-115.210221,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sChIJV04oSRjGyIAR3ShboiuPuFM!2m2!1d-115.210221!2d36.0629946!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e2
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Driving Directions
Suncoast Hotel and Casino
Starting Point
Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes
Destination
Open in Google Maps
Driving Directions
Ethel M Chocolates Factory & Cactus Garden
Starting Point
Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes
Destination
Open in Google Maps
Driving Directions
Flamingo Las Vegas
Starting Point
Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes
Destination
Open in Google Maps
Driving Directions
Paris Las Vegas
Starting Point
Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes
Destination
Open in Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Flamingo+Las+Vegas/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.1166377,-115.1703905,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sunknown!2m2!1d-115.1703905!2d36.1166377!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e0
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Sunset+Park/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.065649,-115.111595,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sunknown!2m2!1d-115.111595!2d36.065649!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e2
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Suncoast+Hotel+and+Casino/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.1689957,-115.2908908,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sunknown!2m2!1d-115.2908908!2d36.1689957!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e1
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Paris+Las+Vegas/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.112462,-115.1707075,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sunknown!2m2!1d-115.1707075!2d36.112462!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e3
Click below to open this location on Google Maps
Google Maps Location
https://www.google.com/maps/dir/Ethel+M+Chocolates+Factory+%26+Cactus+Garden/Rock+N+Block+-+Turf+N+Hardscapes/@36.0736632,-115.0717805,14z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m14!4m13!1m5!1m1!1sunknown!2m2!1d-115.0717805!2d36.0736632!1m5!1m1!1sChIJD11n_FrryIARH8EGWmcGnAE!2m2!1d-115.2343937!2d36.2187971!3e0
Click below to open this location on Google Maps

Reviews for Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes


Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes

Dawna OgleYohe

(5)

My initial contact was with Ray, whom did an excellent job giving me an estimate on what I wanted done in my small yard and walkway., the guys that came out and did the work were superior. They did an excellent job. I’m very pleased with this company. I will highly recommend them to family and friends, and I will be using them in the near future for other little projects.

Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes

Josh Bodell

(5)

Eric and team did an amazing job. They worked with me for months while I got HOA approval for the project. Once they began working they were great, going over everything in detail and making sure things were perfect. This project included wall repair, stucco and paint repair, paver and turf installation. Extremely satisfied with this experience.

Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes

John Picard

(5)

Above and beyond. I’ve got 20 years in the construction industry and these guys are top notch. Tell them what you need, they’ll work with you. Communication is clear and they want to make you feel good about the whole process: If I had to do our back yard 100 more times I’d use rock n block every time. The owner is a stand up man, his project managers, even down to his workers. All respectful, hard working people. This is a call you won’t regret making.

Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes

Randy Blair

(5)

I had turf and a sidewalk of pavers put down. Wes was amazing and got me all hooked up with a plan and had tons of options for me to choose from. He handled everything. After we got locked in the crew showed up a few weeks later and the went to work like animals. Those guys killed it. Everything looks amazing. I plan to call Wes back when I'm ready for my next project in the front of the yard. Thank you Wes and everyone who killed this project

Rock N Block - Turf N Hardscapes

Rob Foster

(5)

We have been working with Al and the team for many years (8) to be exact. We have had the pleasure of working with many of their clients throughout this time and we absolutely love how their clients are so pleased with the work they do and the outcome of the projects! The sales team and staff have been very supportive and professional and that’s hard to come by. We look forward to many more years of this partnership with a very positive and motivated company that’s always looking out for the best interests of the community!

https://www.google.com/maps/reviews/data=!4m8!14m7!1m6!2m5!1sCi9DQUlRQUNvZENodHljRjlvT21sdWRsTkdRMXBoVUU4MU9XaGtaa3RFWWpsQllrRRAB!2m1!1s0x0:0x19c06675a06c11f!3m1!1s2@1:CAIQACodChtycF9oOmludlNGQ1phUE81OWhkZktEYjlBYkE%7C0cUN36ZADbm%7C?hl=en-US

https://www.google.com/maps/reviews/data=!4m8!14m7!1m6!2m5!1sChZDSUhNMG9nS0VJQ0FnSUMzOGZld2ZBEAE!2m1!1s0x0:0x19c06675a06c11f!3m1!1s2@1:CIHM0ogKEICAgIC38fewfA%7CCgwI27q6uQYQuIGqqQE%7C?hl=en-US

https://www.google.com/maps/reviews/data=!4m8!14m7!1m6!2m5!1sChZDSUhNMG9nS0VJQ0FnSUNabHREQktBEAE!2m1!1s0x0:0x19c06675a06c11f!3m1!1s2@1:CIHM0ogKEICAgICZltDBKA%7CCgsIsbbzpwYQ2O6PVg%7C?hl=en-US

https://www.google.com/maps/reviews/data=!4m8!14m7!1m6!2m5!1sChdDSUhNMG9nS0VOT3VpTmo3ODRxTTJ3RRAB!2m1!1s0x0:0x19c06675a06c11f!3m1!1s2@1:CIHM0ogKENOuiNj784qM2wE%7CCgwIpa-BwgYQ4Jba0wI%7C?hl=en-US

View GBP

Frequently Asked Questions

Absolutely! Artificial grass is ideal for Las Vegas due to its extreme heat and water restrictions. It stays green year-round without the need for constant watering or mowing. It also holds up well against UV rays, making it a durable and eco-friendly alternative to natural grass in desert environments

Artificial Grass Artificial Grass Installation Landscaping Concreting Driveway Pet Turf Paver Installation Outdoor livin

Artificial Grass Boulder City, Nevada Artificial Grass Henderson, Nevada Artificial Grass North Las Vegas, Nevada Artificial Grass Pahrump, Nevada Artificial Grass Paradise, Nevada Artificial Grass Summerlin, Nevada

With proper installation and minimal maintenance, artificial grass in Las Vegas can last 15–20 years. The synthetic turf is designed to withstand high temperatures, intense sun exposure, and heavy foot traffic—making it a long-lasting landscaping investment for homeowners and businesses alike.
 

Artificial Grass Artificial Grass Installation Landscaping Concreting Driveway Pet Turf Paver Installation Outdoor livin

Artificial Grass Boulder City, Nevada Artificial Grass Henderson, Nevada Artificial Grass North Las Vegas, Nevada Artificial Grass Pahrump, Nevada Artificial Grass Paradise, Nevada Artificial Grass Summerlin, Nevada

Artificial grass can become warm during peak summer heat, but modern turf products often come with cooling technologies or heat-reflective infills to reduce surface temperatures. You can also cool it down quickly with a light spray of water. Most homeowners find it still comfortable enough for pets and kids with some shading or planning.

 

Artificial Grass Artificial Grass Installation Landscaping Concreting Driveway Pet Turf Paver Installation Outdoor livin

Artificial Grass Boulder City, Nevada Artificial Grass Henderson, Nevada Artificial Grass North Las Vegas, Nevada Artificial Grass Pahrump, Nevada Artificial Grass Paradise, Nevada Artificial Grass Summerlin, Nevada

Yes! Most artificial grass products are non-toxic, lead-free, and soft underfoot, making them safe for children and pets. Many Las Vegas residents choose turf specifically designed for pet areas, which includes effective drainage systems and odor-reducing infill for cleanliness and hygiene.

 

Artificial Grass Artificial Grass Installation Landscaping Concreting Driveway Pet Turf Paver Installation Outdoor livin

Artificial Grass Boulder City, Nevada Artificial Grass Henderson, Nevada Artificial Grass North Las Vegas, Nevada Artificial Grass Pahrump, Nevada Artificial Grass Paradise, Nevada Artificial Grass Summerlin, Nevada

While artificial grass requires much less upkeep than natural grass, it still benefits from occasional maintenance. Light brushing, removing debris, and rinsing with water can keep your turf clean and looking fresh. For pet areas, routine deodorizing and proper drainage ensure a clean and odor-free space.

 

Artificial Grass Artificial Grass Installation Landscaping Concreting Driveway Pet Turf Paver Installation Outdoor livin

Artificial Grass Boulder City, Nevada Artificial Grass Henderson, Nevada Artificial Grass North Las Vegas, Nevada Artificial Grass Pahrump, Nevada Artificial Grass Paradise, Nevada Artificial Grass Summerlin, Nevada

Definitely. One of the biggest advantages of installing artificial grass in Las Vegas is the significant reduction in water usage. Since there's no need for irrigation, homeowners often see a noticeable drop in their water bills—plus it supports Las Vegas’ water conservation efforts amid ongoing drought conditions.

Artificial Grass Artificial Grass Installation Landscaping Concreting Driveway Pet Turf Paver Installation Outdoor livin

Artificial Grass Boulder City, Nevada Artificial Grass Henderson, Nevada Artificial Grass North Las Vegas, Nevada Artificial Grass Pahrump, Nevada Artificial Grass Paradise, Nevada Artificial Grass Summerlin, Nevada