Victoria History Tour Packages

Victoria History Tour Packages

Victoria underground tours

After soaking in the majestic views that Victoria History Tour Packages offers, it's time to explore how Star Sightseeing can tailor your journey to suit your unique preferences. As you wander through the gardens today, you're walking through over a century of growth, change, and dedication. Lean more about Victoria Sightseeing Tours from Star Sightseeing here. As you wander through charming neighborhoods and vibrant markets, you'll feel a connection to the people who shaped Victoria History Tour Packages.

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Or picture climbing rugged cliffs that offer breathtaking views once you conquer their heights. Learn more about Victoria History Tour Packages here
First, check the weather forecast to ensure you're dressed comfortably for your adventure. Victoria nature tours And Star Sightseeing knows them all. Specially curated to enhance your journey, these treats are more than just snacks-they're a taste of the local cuisine, offering a sensory exploration of Victoria History Tour Packages's rich culinary heritage.

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    You want to explore hidden gems, not just the well-trodden paths.

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    They're available in multiple languages, ensuring you don't miss a beat of the city's rich history and vibrant culture, no matter where you're from. It's also a good idea to download the Butchart Gardens map from their website.
    These aren't your everyday paths; they're carefully chosen adventures that make every pedal count. It's all possible. Lastly, payment is secure and straightforward.

    They've made it easy to see which dates are open and how many spots are left, so you can plan your trip without any guesswork. You'll meet local artisans crafting their works as they've done for generations, taste the unique flavors of regional cuisine at hidden gems that only locals know about, and even participate in traditional activities that give you a firsthand understanding of the local way of life. You won't just be a spectator; you'll actively participate in cultural workshops. Beach outings become more than just sandcastles; they're opportunities to learn about marine life and the importance of ocean conservation. Don't overlook the lesser-known gems like the Abkhazi Garden, where each path tells a story of love and resilience, or the Government House Gardens, where you can stroll through meticulously maintained thematic areas.
    Have you ever wondered what secrets lie hidden within Victoria History Tour Packages's vibrant streets and lush landscapes? Personal guides are at your beck and call, ready to share fascinating insights about the constellations and celestial events you're witnessing. Victoria underground tours If there's a specific spot you've heard about or a hidden gem you're curious to explore, they're ready to tailor your tour to include these requests. Next, the tour takes you to Craigdarroch Castle, a Victoria History Tour Packagesn-era mansion that tells the tale of the city's wealthy elite in the late 1800s.
    They've ditched the one-size-fits-all approach. Read more about Victoria History Tour Packages here Whether you're a history buff eager to delve into Victoria History Tour Packages's rich past or a nature lover longing to explore the area's breathtaking landscapes, your tour can be adjusted to match your pace and focus. This route takes you through a canopy of towering mountain ash trees and fern-filled gullies.

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    You're not just going on any tour; you're embarking on an exclusive journey that marries the thrill of adventure with the pampering of luxury travel.
    You'll meet Alex, a history graduate with a love for Victoria History Tour Packages's vibrant past, who'll regale you with tales of yesteryears that seem to echo through the city's cobblestone streets. Embrace different perspectives by getting low to the ground for an ant's view or climbing to a higher vantage point for a sweeping panorama. Victoria eco tours You'll start by sharing your interests with their expert team, who'll then craft a bespoke itinerary that hits all your must-sees and incorporates some delightful surprises along the way. Star Sightseeing's exclusive excursions take you beyond the ordinary, offering vantage points that redefine the essence of beauty.



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    Victoria Sightseeing Tours

    Entity Name Description Source
    Queen Victoria Queen Victoria was the queen of the United Kingdom from 1837 to 1901, a period known as the Victorian era, marked by significant cultural and political changes. Source
    Harbour Air Seaplanes Harbour Air Seaplanes is a Canadian airline providing seaplane services, mostly in British Columbia, offering scenic flights and transportation. Source
    Butchart Gardens Butchart Gardens is a group of gardens located in Brentwood Bay, near Victoria, British Columbia, famous for its natural beauty and variety of plants. Source
    Downtown Victoria Downtown Victoria is the urban core of Victoria, BC, offering cultural, historical, and commercial attractions in a vibrant coastal city. Source
    Gray Line Worldwide Gray Line Worldwide is a global tour operator, offering sightseeing tours in many cities across the world, including bus and walking tours. Source
    Chinatown Chinatown in Victoria, BC, is one of the oldest in North America and a cultural hub with historic sites, shops, and restaurants. Source
    Victoria Harbour Victoria Harbour is a natural harbour located in the city of Victoria, BC, known for its picturesque waterfront and marine activities. Source
    The Empress (hotel) The Empress is a historic luxury hotel located in Victoria, BC, known for its grand architecture and as a significant part of the city’s cultural landscape. Source
    Water taxi A water taxi is a small boat used for short-distance transportation on water, commonly used in cities like Victoria for harbor transport. Source
    Bus A bus is a large vehicle used for transporting passengers over long distances, commonly used for public transportation in urban areas. Source
    Floatplane A floatplane is an aircraft designed to take off and land on water, often used for travel in regions with numerous lakes and rivers, like Victoria, BC. Source
    Royal British Columbia Museum The Royal BC Museum in Victoria is a major cultural and natural history museum in British Columbia, known for its exhibitions on BC’s history and environment. Source
    Wildlife Wildlife refers to non-domesticated animals and plants, which can be observed in their natural habitat in regions like Victoria, BC. Source
    Greater Victoria Greater Victoria is a metropolitan area on Vancouver Island, including several municipalities and offering a mix of urban and natural landscapes. Source
    Songhees The Songhees are an Indigenous people of the Pacific Northwest Coast, with historical ties to the Victoria area. Source

    Historical Tours Victoria BC

    Named for Queen Victoria, the city is one of the oldest in the Pacific Northwest, with British settlement beginning in 1843. The city has retained a large number of its historic buildings, in particular its two most famous landmarks, the Parliament Buildings (finished in 1897 and home of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia) and the Empress Hotel (opened in 1908). The city's Chinatown is the second oldest in North America, after San Francisco. The region's Coast Salish First Nations peoples established communities in the area long before European settlement, which had large populations at the time of European exploration.

    Citations and other links

    Family-Friendly Tours Victoria History Tour Packages

    You're not merely observing; you're connecting with the heart and soul of Victoria History Tour Packages. It's a bustling area where you can catch street performers, hop on a harbor ferry for a scenic tour, or simply enjoy a leisurely walk along the waterfront. Exploring Victoria History Tour Packages with Star Sightseeing's new premium tours is like stepping into a carefully curated gallery, where each exhibit is more breathtaking than the last. In response, Star Sightseeing is adapting. Imagine the vibrant hues of fall as you meander through the city's famed gardens, or the delicate cherry blossoms of spring framing historic buildings.

    It's a sensory delight, with petals ranging from the deepest reds to the most delicate pinks, each telling its own story of cultivation and care.

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    You'll leave with a greater awareness of your environmental impact and how to travel more sustainably.

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    Every trail blazed is an opportunity for a story, a memory that sticks. You'll find yourself kayaking alongside playful seals, watching eagles soar against the backdrop of crystal-clear skies, and maybe even catching a glimpse of a whale breaching the ocean's surface.

    Don't miss the Rose Garden, where the air is perfumed with the delicate fragrance of roses in every hue imaginable. You'll find detailed descriptions, including the duration, price, and highlights of each tour, making it easier for you to decide. From using electric vehicles to limiting group sizes to reduce disruption to wildlife, every aspect of your journey is thoughtfully considered. Victoria History Tour Packages's sightseeing tours offer countless family-friendly adventures that cater to all ages, ensuring that everyone in your group finds something to marvel at.

    Many mention the seamless booking experience, the comfort of the transportation, and the knowledge and friendliness of the guides. 'It was an all-around fantastic day,' someone remarks. 'From the moment we booked to the wave goodbye, we felt taken care of.'These testimonials underscore the promise of a memorable tour, making the decision to book with Star Sightseeing a no-brainer for anyone yearning for a magical Victoria History Tour Packages sightseeing experience. Booking your adventure is as easy as visiting our website, where you'll find a straightforward booking process that lets you choose your preferred date and time with just a few clicks. Imagine wandering down a narrow lane, only to find yourself in front of an art installation that captures the city's spirit, or stumbling upon a quaint café that offers the best local brews. Victoria architecture tours Select your preferred date and time, fill in the necessary details, and you're all set.

    Family-Friendly Tours Victoria History Tour Packages
    Victoria History Tour Packages Excursion Options

    Victoria History Tour Packages Excursion Options

    Remember, Star Sightseeing offers various tour packages that include Butchart Gardens, so consider bundling your experiences for a more comprehensive exploration of Victoria History Tour Packages. Imagine embarking on a journey where each stop is a gateway to the cosmos, with expert guides illuminating the mysteries of the universe right before your eyes.

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    Don't forget to check out the special packages for groups or those seeking a more personalized experience. Imagine diving into the heart of Victoria History Tour Packages without the worry of missing out or the hassle of planning. That's exactly what you'll experience with the newly unveiled tours.

    You'll find yourself enchanted by the city's rich tapestry, with each hidden alley and secret garden adding a layer to your understanding and appreciation of Victoria History Tour Packages. Star Sightseeing curates these adventures, ensuring they're accessible to everyone, from the adrenaline junkie to the curious traveler seeking something out of the ordinary.

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    It's not just the sights; it's the sounds and the subtle scents that make this experience memorable. And if you're up for a scenic drive, the winding roads to the Sooke Potholes provide stunning views and a refreshing dip in natural pools.

    For a touch of British charm, afternoon tea at the iconic Empress Hotel is a delightful experience you won't want to skip. There's something for everyone, from leisurely walks through historic neighborhoods to adventurous excursions in the surrounding wilderness. As you wander through the lush, meticulously manicured paths, you're enveloped in an array of floral scents and the soft sounds of nature that make the outside world feel miles away. That's why they've become experts at customizing tours that align perfectly with your desires.

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    As you delve into Victoria History Tour Packages's culinary journeys, you're not just tasting food; you're experiencing the city's heartbeat. You're in for a treat with these exclusive excursions that take you beyond the usual tourist trails and into the heart of the cosmos. We want to ensure you get the best value for your adventure. Picture yourself stepping into a world where lush, green landscapes merge with the clear blue of the Pacific Ocean.

    Scenic Tours in Victoria History Tour Packages

    After immersing yourself in the vibrant local culture, you'll next explore Victoria History Tour Packages's historic landmarks, where the past is palpably alive in every stone and story. Family-friendly tours in Victoria Lastly, allocate enough time for your visit. Your guide, a local expert brimming with knowledge and enthusiasm, will unveil the secrets of Victoria History Tour Packages's landmarks. Star Sightseeing has just announced a series of unforgettable tours designed to captivate both tourists and locals alike, offering you a golden ticket to explore historic landmarks, uncover natural wonders, dive into rich cultural experiences, and savor unique culinary delights. Winter transforms the gardens into a quiet, reflective space, with evergreens and winter-blooming camellias providing splashes of color against the frosty backdrop.

    It's a testament to human ingenuity blending with nature's beauty, creating a spectacle that's both awe-inspiring and serene. Get ready to explore! You'll start at secluded lookouts, away from the city's light pollution, where the Milky Way stretches across the sky in a dazzling display. The Victoria History Tour Packages Sightseeing Tours whisk you away from the urban hustle to unveil a world where nature's artistry takes center stage.

    Have you ever imagined yourself wandering through the enchanting streets of Victoria History Tour Packages, where every corner tells a story as old as time itself? Don't miss the chance to snap a photo against the backdrop of these magnificent structures, especially when they're lit up at night, offering a view you won't forget. Exploring the Butchart Gardens further, you'll discover unique garden features that distinguish this landmark from any other in the world. You'll be invited to join in celebrations, to dance, to sing, and to laugh. Victoria sightseeing deals

    You'll stroll along paths that meander through the Japanese Garden, offering a serene backdrop with its delicate balance of water, stone, and greenery. From the vibrant tulips in spring to the fiery red and gold leaves in fall, you're in for a visual treat. So, step off the well-trodden path and let Victoria History Tour Packages's hidden treasures reveal themselves to you, one unforgettable moment at a time.

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    The city's tourism sector has responded to this surge in interest with expanded sightseeing tours, ensuring you get a comprehensive experience of what Victoria History Tour Packages has to offer.

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    Victoria History Tour Packages Wildlife Encounters
    Victoria History Tour Packages Wildlife Encounters

    Solo travelers aren't left out either, with options for more in-depth exploration of niche interests. Victoria history tours Part of your journey takes you away from the city lights, where the stars overhead shine brightly, undimmed by city light pollution. In a world where horse-drawn carriages are now a spectacle rather than the standard, Star Sightseeing invites you to step back in time and experience the eternal beauty of Butchart Gardens through their signature Victoria History Tour Packages tours. As we peel back the layers of what makes these tours so special, you'll find there's much more to uncover about how travel can be transformed into an unforgettable journey.

    Ann's Academy, an exquisite example of Gothic Revival architecture that now serves as a public park and historical site.

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    Cultural festivals are also a highlight, offering a chance to see Victoria History Tour Packages's diverse communities in celebration. As part of Star Sightseeing's unforgettable tours, you'll get the chance to immerse yourself in the stories and architecture that have shaped Victoria History Tour Packages into the vibrant city it is today.

    You're not just sightseers; you're explorers delving into the rich tapestry of Victoria History Tour Packages's history and natural beauty. That's where these local experts shine. You've likely heard of the Butchart Gardens or the Royal BC Museum, but have you ever embarked on a whale-watching tour where the majestic creatures of the deep become your companions?

    Beyond the cultural tapestry of Victoria History Tour Packages, thrilling adventures await, ready to elevate your journey from memorable to unforgettable. Star Sightseeing has carefully designed these tours to ensure minimal impact on the environment. Imagine stepping into a world where every detail is taken care of, from priority access to hidden corners of the garden not always open to the general public.

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    Star Sightseeing's bespoke tours are more than just sightseeing; they're about connecting you with the city on a personal level. Keep your eyes peeled for the colorful butterflies fluttering in the rose garden or listen for the cheerful chirping of birds nestled in the Japanese Maple trees. The fragrant blooms of the night-scented stock in the Mediterranean Garden or the sweet perfume of the roses fill the air, creating an immersive sensory experience. You'll wander through secret gardens nestled in the heart of the city, where the tranquility contrasts sharply with the urban buzz. Here, the intricate architecture isn't just a backdrop for photos; it's a narrative of Victoria History Tour Packages's evolution from colonial outpost to modern metropolis.
    With expert guides ready to unveil the secrets of Victoria History Tour Packages's most cherished sites, you're on the brink of discovering a world where every detail is designed to enchant and inspire. They strive to accommodate all guests, ensuring everyone has the opportunity to fully participate and enjoy what Victoria History Tour Packages has to offer. This means tours need to offer more than just a glance at the famous landmarks; they must weave stories and experiences that connect you deeply with the local culture and environment. First, you'll want to visit their website to check out the available tour dates.
    The Mediterranean Garden will surprise you with its drought-resistant plants, providing a stark yet beautiful contrast to the lushness found elsewhere. The most renowned among these is the Butchart Gardens, where you're treated to an exquisite display of flowers and landscaping artistry. As the sun sets, Victoria History Tour Packages reveals a different kind of magic, inviting you to embark on night tours that showcase the city's vibrant nightlife and hidden treasures under the stars. With years of experience and a deep love for Victoria History Tour Packages's landmarks, they're equipped to offer insights and anecdotes that you won't find in your average guidebook.
    Whether you're a gardening aficionado or simply seeking a tranquil retreat, Butchart Gardens promises a memorable journey through nature's exquisite artistry, making every visit an enchanting escape. Victoria seaplane tours These tours aren't just about seeing the sights; they're about immersing yourself in the nocturnal pulse of the city. Star Sightseeing ensures you're wrapped in the warmest of winter experiences, making every moment memorable. It's a refreshing escape, offering serene views and the sweet scent of eucalyptus.

    Explore Victoria History Tour Packages here
    Victoria History Tour Packages Local Attractions Tours

     

    Early tour bus in Salt Lake City, 1909
    A colourful tour bus at Kuranda, Queensland, Australia
    Tourists taking photos from a ParisCityVision open-topped tour bus in Paris.
    Salvador Bahia Bus in Santo Antonio da Barra Lighthouse, in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
    The Needles "Breezer", Isle of Wight, England

    A tour bus service is an escorted tour (sometimes a package holiday) or bus service that takes visitors sightseeing, with routes around tourist attractions.

    Information

    [edit]

    Double-decker buses and open top buses are commonly used, for providing a good view. Large coaches are used internationally by tour operators, intercity bus lines and charters, for short and long distance destinations. These buses are larger than regular transit buses, with 2 to 4 axles (6 to 10 wheels).

    The history of tour buses in North America began in the early 20th century, when trucks were converted to provide a means for sightseeing within large American cities.[1] Gray Line, the largest sightseeing operators, began operations in 1910.[2] Sightseeing was likely a side business for many intercity bus operators because the same types of buses were used (this remains true even today). World War II saw the industry decline, but it slowly re-emerged as an alternative to driving.[1]

    Many musicians, entertainers, dancing crews and bands travel in sleeper buses, commonly referred to as "tour buses". While most if not all of the buses and coaches listed above are for commercial applications, there are many coaches manufactured for personal use as motorhomes. These bus based motorhomes are considered the top end of the RV market.

    Common features

    [edit]
    • Padded fabric or leather front-facing seats, often reclining.
    • Foot and arm rests.
    • TV monitors connected to DVD player or VCR to provide entertainment or possibly analog TV or DTV for local news or programs (possibly in seats with viewer choosing what station).
    • Basic lavatory – riders may be discouraged from using it except in an emergency,[3][failed verification] but some newer buses feature full service lavatories[4]
    • Cool water dispenser, refrigerator, hot water urn.
    • Wheelchair lift or ramp and "kneeling suspension" for easier access (especially for the elderly and infirm).
    • Tinted windows (and/or curtains or blinds).
    • Luggage compartment (or bins) below in the underbelly of the bus, with overhead hand-luggage racks.

    Tour coach manufacturers

    [edit]

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ a b "Driven John Mack Kept on Truckin', Helping Build Modern America". Investors.com. Archived from the original on January 11, 2013. Retrieved March 28, 2011.
    2. ^ Risko, Karin (2018). A History Lover's Guide to Detroit. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4671-3567-2.
    3. ^ "Bus Toilets / Toilets of the World". toilet-guru.com. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
    4. ^ "New Prevost features to be showc". Prevost-stuff.com. December 22, 2006. Retrieved March 28, 2011.

     

     

    Tours is located in Centre-Val de Loire
    Tours
    Tours
     
    Tours
    Medieval buildings on Place Plumereau
    Pont Wilson over the Loire
    Prébendes d'Oé garden
    Flag of Tours
    Coat of arms of Tours
    Location of Tours
    Map
    Tours is located in France
    Tours
    Tours
     

    Coordinates: 47°23′37″N 0°41′21″E / 47.393611°N 0.689167°E / 47.393611; 0.689167CountryFranceRegionCentre-Val de LoireDepartmentIndre-et-LoireArrondissementToursCantonTours-1
    Tours-2
    Tours-3
    Tours-4
    IntercommunalityTours Métropole Val de LoireGovernment

     

     • Mayor (2020–2026) Emmanuel Denis[1] (The Greens)

    Area
    1

    34.7 km2 (13.4 sq mi) • Urban

     (2018)

    684.9 km2 (264.4 sq mi) • Metro

     (2018)

    3,631.6 km2 (1,402.2 sq mi)Population

     (2022)[2]

    138,668 • Rank26th in France • Density4,000/km2 (10,000/sq mi) • Urban

     (2018)

    359,992 • Urban density530/km2 (1,400/sq mi) • Metro

     (2018)

    516,973 • Metro density140/km2 (370/sq mi)Demonym(s)Tourangeau (masculine)
    Tourangelle (feminine)Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET) • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)INSEE/Postal code

    37261 /37000, 37100, 37200

    Elevation44–119 m (144–390 ft)1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.

    Tours (/tʊər/ TOOR; French: [tuʁ] ⓘ) is the largest city in the region of Centre-Val de Loire, France. It is the prefecture of the department of Indre-et-Loire. The commune of Tours had 136,463 inhabitants as of 2018 while the population of the whole metropolitan area was 516,973.[3]

    Tours sits on the lower reaches of the Loire, between Orléans and the Atlantic coast. Formerly named Caesarodunum by its founder, Roman Emperor Augustus, it possesses one of the largest amphitheaters of the Roman Empire, the Tours Amphitheatre. Known for the Battle of Tours in 732 AD, it is a National Sanctuary with connections to the Merovingians and the Carolingians, with the Capetians making the kingdom's currency the Livre tournois. Saint Martin and Gregory of Tours were from Tours. Tours was once part of Touraine, a former province of France. Tours was the first city of the silk industry. It was taken by Louis XI, as the royal capital under the Valois Kings with its Loire castles and city of art with the School of Tours. The prefecture was partially destroyed during the French Wars of Religion in the late 16th century and again during the Second World War in June 1940.

    The White and Blue city keeps a historical center registered in the UNESCO, and is home to the Vieux-Tours, a patrimonial site. The garden city has a green heritage and an urban landscape strongly influenced by its natural space. The historic city that is nicknamed "Le Petit Paris" and its region by its history and culture has always been a land of birth or host to many personalities, international sporting events, and is a university city with more than 30,000 students in 2019. Tours is a popular culinary city with specialties such as: rillettes, rillons, Touraine vineyards, AOC Sainte-Maure-de-Touraine cheeses and nougats. The city is also the end-point of the annual Paris–Tours cycle race.

    Etymology

    [edit]

    A popular folk etymology of the word "Tours" is that it comes from Turonus, the nephew of Brutus. Turonus died in a war between Corineus and the king of Aquitaine, Goffarius Pictus, provoked by Corineus hunting in the king's forests without permission. It is said that Turonus was buried in Tours and the city is founded around his grave.[4]

    History

    [edit]

    In Gallic times, Tours was an important crossing point over the Loire. It became part of the Roman Empire during the 1st century AD, and the city was named Caesarodunum ("hill of Caesar"). The name evolved in the 4th century when the original Gallic name, Turones, became Civitas Turonum and then Tours. It was at this time that the Tours Amphitheatre was built.

    Tours became a metropolis in the Roman province of Lugdunum towards 380–388 AD, dominating Maine, Brittany, and the Loire Valley. One important figure in the city was Saint Martin of Tours, a bishop who shared his coat with a naked beggar in Amiens. The importance of Martin in the medieval Christian West made Tours, and its position on the route of pilgrimage to Santiago de Compostela, a major centre during the Middle Ages.

    Middle Ages

    [edit]

    In the 6th century, Gregory of Tours, author of the Ten Books of History, restored a cathedral destroyed by a fire in 561. Saint Martin's monastery benefited from its inception, at the very start of the 6th century from patronage and support from the Frankish king, Clovis I, which increased considerably the influence of the saint, the abbey and the city in Gaul. In the 9th century, Tours was at the heart of the Carolingian Renaissance, in particular because of Alcuin, of York in Northumbria, a renowned book collector and an abbot of Marmoutier Abbey.

    In 732, Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi and an army of Muslim horsemen from Al-Andalus advanced 500 kilometres (300 miles) deep into France, and were stopped at Moussais-la-Bataille[5] (between Châtellerault and Poitiers) by Charles Martel and his infantry. This ignited the Battle of Tours. The Muslim army was defeated, preventing an Islamic conquest of France.

    In 845, Tours repelled the first attack of the Viking chief Haesten. In 850, the Vikings settled at the mouths of the Seine and the Loire. Still led by Haesten, they went up the Loire again in 852 and sacked Angers, Tours and Marmoutier Abbey.

    During the Middle Ages, Tours consisted of two juxtaposed and competing centres. The "City" in the east, successor of the late Roman 'castrum', was composed of the cathedral and palace of the archbishops as well as the castle of Tours. The castle of Tours acted as a seat of the authority of the Counts of Tours (later Counts of Anjou) and the King of France. In the west, the "new city" structured around the Abbey of Saint Martin was freed from the control of the city during the 10th century (an enclosure was built towards 918) and became "Châteauneuf". This space, organized between Saint Martin and the Loire, became the economic centre of Tours. Between these two centres were Varennes, vineyards and fields, little occupied except for the Abbaye Saint-Julien established on the banks of the Loire. The two centres were linked during the 14th century.

    Place Plumereau, Medieval buildings

    Tours became the capital of the county of Tours or Touraine, a territory bitterly disputed between the counts of Blois and Anjou – the latter were victorious in the 11th century. It was the capital of France at the time of Louis XI, who had settled in the castle of Montils (today the castle of Plessis-les-Tours, at the junction of the Loire and the Indre rivers). Tours and Touraine remained a permanent residence of the kings and court until the 16th century. The Renaissance gave Tours and Touraine many private mansions and castles, joined to some extent under the generic name of the Châteaux of the Loire. It is also at the time of Louis XI that the silk industry was introduced – despite difficulties, the industry still survives to this day.

    16th–18th centuries

    [edit]

    Charles IX passed through the city at the time of his royal tour of France between 1564 and 1566, accompanied by the Court and various noblemen: his brother the Duke of Anjou, Henri de Navarre, the cardinals of Bourbon and Lorraine. At this time, the Catholics returned to power in Angers: the attendant assumed the right to nominate the aldermen. The Massacre of Saint-Barthelemy was not repeated at Tours. The Protestants were imprisoned by the aldermen – a measure which prevented their extermination. The permanent return of the Court to Paris and then Versailles marked the beginning of a slow but permanent decline. Guillaume the Metayer (1763–1798), known as Rochambeau, the well-known counter-revolutionary chief of Mayenne, was shot in Tours.

    19th to 20th centuries

    [edit]

    The arrival of the railway in the 19th century saved the city by making it an important nodal point. The main railway station is known as Tours-Saint-Pierre-des-Corps. At that time, Tours was expanding towards the south into a district known as the Prébendes. The importance of the city as a centre of communications contributed to its revival and, as the 20th century progressed, Tours became a dynamic conurbation, economically oriented towards the service sector.

    First World War

    [edit]
    Tours Cathedral: 15th-century Flamboyant Gothic west front with Renaissance pinnacles, completed 1547.

    The city was greatly affected by the First World War. A force of 25,000 American soldiers arrived in 1917, setting up textile factories for the manufacture of uniforms, repair shops for military equipment, munitions dumps, an army post office and an American military hospital at Augustins. Because of this, Tours became a garrison town with a resident general staff. The American presence is remembered today by the Woodrow Wilson Bridge over the Loire, which was officially opened in July 1918 and bears the name of the President of the United States from 1913 to 1921. Three American air force squadrons, including the 492nd, were based at the Parçay-Meslay airfield, their personnel playing an active part in the life of the city. Americans paraded at funerals and award ceremonies for the Croix de Guerre. They also took part in festivals and their YMCA organised shows for the troops. Some men married women from Tours.

    Inter-war years

    [edit]

    In 1920, the city hosted the Congress of Tours, which saw the creation of the French Communist Party. One future consequence of that congress was the presence of Ho Chi Minh, the Vietnamese nationalist, who became one of the first members of the party.

    Second World War

    [edit]

    Tours was also marked by the Second World War, as the city suffered massive destruction in 1940. For four years it was a city of military camps and fortifications. From 10 to 13 June 1940, Tours was the temporary seat of the French government before its move to Bordeaux.

    German incendiary bombs caused a huge fire, which blazed out of control from 20 to 22 June and destroyed part of the city centre. Some architectural masterpieces of the 16th and 17th centuries were lost, as was the monumental entry to the city. The Wilson Bridge, which carried a water main that supplied the city, was dynamited to slow the progress of the German advance. With the water main severed, nobody could extinguish the inferno. That made inhabitants have no option but to flee to safety. More heavy air raids by Allied forces devastated the area around the railway station in 1944, causing several hundred deaths.

    Post-war developments

    [edit]

    A plan for the rebuilding of the central area drawn up by the local architect Camille Lefèvre had been adopted even before the end of the war. The plan was for 20 small quadrangular blocks of housing to be arranged around the main road (la rue Nationale), which was widened. This regular layout attempted to echo but simplify the 18th-century architecture. Pierre Patout succeeded Lefèvre as the architect in charge of rebuilding in 1945. At one time, there was talk of demolishing the southern side of the rue Nationale to make it in keeping with the new development.

    The recent history of Tours is marked by the personality of Jean Royer, who was mayor for 36 years and helped save the old town from demolition by establishing one of the first Conservation Areas. This example of conservation policy would later inspire the Malraux Law for the safeguarding of historic city centres. In the 1970s, Jean Royer also extended the city to the south by diverting the course of the Cher River to create the districts of Rives du Cher and des Fontaines. At the time, it was one of the largest urban developments in Europe. In 1970, the François Rabelais University was founded and centred on the bank of the Loire in the downtown area, not, as was the current practice, in a campus in the suburbs. The latter solution was also chosen by the twin university of Orleans. Royer's long term as mayor was, however, not without controversy, as is exemplified by the construction of the practical but aesthetically unattractive motorway, which runs along the bed of a former canal just 1,500 metres (4,900 feet) from the cathedral. Another bone of contention was the original Vinci Congress Centre by Jean Nouvel. The project incurred debts although it at least made Tours one of France's principal conference centres.

    Jean Germain, a member of the Socialist Party, became mayor in 1995 and made debt reduction his priority. Ten years later, his economic management was regarded as much wiser than that of his predecessor because of the financial stability of the city returning. However, his achievements were criticised by the municipal opposition for a lack of ambition. There were no large building projects instituted under his two terms. That position is disputed by those in power, who affirm their policy of concentrating on the quality of life, as evidenced by urban restoration, the development of public transport and cultural activities.

    Climate

    [edit]

    Tours has an oceanic climate that is very mild for such a northern latitude. Summers are influenced by its inland position, resulting in frequent days of 25 °C (77 °F) or warmer, whereas winters are kept mild by Atlantic air masses. The entire valley between Orlans and Angers is famous for the luminosity of its air and for its fabulous châteaux, most of them Renaissance (over 600 between Orlans and Angers).

    Climate data for Tours (1991–2020 averages)
    Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
    Record high °C (°F) 16.9
    (62.4)
    22.1
    (71.8)
    25.3
    (77.5)
    29.2
    (84.6)
    31.8
    (89.2)
    39.1
    (102.4)
    40.8
    (105.4)
    39.8
    (103.6)
    35.5
    (95.9)
    31.1
    (88.0)
    22.3
    (72.1)
    18.5
    (65.3)
    40.8
    (105.4)
    Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 7.7
    (45.9)
    9.0
    (48.2)
    12.9
    (55.2)
    16.0
    (60.8)
    19.6
    (67.3)
    23.4
    (74.1)
    25.9
    (78.6)
    26.0
    (78.8)
    22.1
    (71.8)
    17.0
    (62.6)
    11.4
    (52.5)
    8.1
    (46.6)
    16.6
    (61.9)
    Daily mean °C (°F) 5.1
    (41.2)
    5.6
    (42.1)
    8.6
    (47.5)
    11.0
    (51.8)
    14.5
    (58.1)
    18.0
    (64.4)
    20.2
    (68.4)
    20.2
    (68.4)
    16.8
    (62.2)
    13.0
    (55.4)
    8.3
    (46.9)
    5.5
    (41.9)
    12.2
    (54.0)
    Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 2.5
    (36.5)
    2.3
    (36.1)
    4.3
    (39.7)
    6.0
    (42.8)
    9.4
    (48.9)
    12.6
    (54.7)
    14.4
    (57.9)
    14.3
    (57.7)
    11.4
    (52.5)
    9.0
    (48.2)
    5.3
    (41.5)
    2.9
    (37.2)
    7.9
    (46.2)
    Record low °C (°F) −17.4
    (0.7)
    −14.2
    (6.4)
    −10.3
    (13.5)
    −3.4
    (25.9)
    −0.6
    (30.9)
    2.6
    (36.7)
    4.3
    (39.7)
    4.8
    (40.6)
    0.9
    (33.6)
    −2.3
    (27.9)
    −7.1
    (19.2)
    −18.5
    (−1.3)
    −18.5
    (−1.3)
    Average precipitation mm (inches) 63.0
    (2.48)
    52.4
    (2.06)
    48.7
    (1.92)
    53.0
    (2.09)
    57.7
    (2.27)
    53.2
    (2.09)
    46.6
    (1.83)
    44.0
    (1.73)
    51.8
    (2.04)
    66.0
    (2.60)
    69.3
    (2.73)
    72.1
    (2.84)
    677.8
    (26.69)
    Average precipitation days 11.0 9.8 9.3 8.9 9.0 7.6 6.7 6.6 7.5 9.8 11.4 11.5 109.0
    Average snowy days 2.4 2.9 1.8 0.7 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 1.7 10.6
    Average relative humidity (%) 87 84 79 74 77 75 72 73 77 84 87 89 79.8
    Mean monthly sunshine hours 68.4 95.2 148.8 187.3 214.2 228.5 247.1 237.7 191.3 122.9 78.9 64.6 1,884.8
    Source 1: Météo France[6][7]
    Source 2: Infoclimat.fr (humidity and snowy days, 1961–1990)[8]

    Sights

    [edit]
    Hôtel de Ville, Place Jean Jaurès
    St Gatien Cathedral, from Rue Lavoisier, just north of the Rue Colbert intersection.
    Pont Wilson

    Cathedral

    [edit]

    The Cathedral of Tours, dedicated to Saint Gatien, its canonized first bishop, was begun about 1170 to replace the cathedral that was burnt out in 1166 during the dispute between Louis VII of France and Henry II of England. The lowermost stages of the western towers belong to the 12th century, but the rest of the west end is in the profusely detailed 15th-century Flamboyant Gothic, which were completed just as the Renaissance was affecting the patrons who planned the châteaux of Touraine. The towers were being constructed at the same time as, for example, the Château de Chenonceau.

    When the 15th-century illuminator Jean Fouquet was set the task of illuminating Josephus's Jewish Antiquities, his depiction of Solomon's Temple was modelled on the nearly complete cathedral of Tours. The atmosphere of the Gothic cathedral close permeates Honoré de Balzac's dark short novel of jealousy and provincial intrigues, Le Curé de Tours (The Curate of Tours) and his medieval story Maître Cornélius opens in the cathedral itself.

    Other points of interest

    [edit]

    Language

    [edit]

    Before the French Revolution, the inhabitants of Tours (Les Tourangeaux) were known for speaking the "purest" form of French in the entire country.[9] The pronunciation of Touraine was traditionally regarded as the most standard pronunciation of the French language, until the 19th century when the standard pronunciation of French shifted to that of the Parisian bourgeoisie.[10] That is explained by the fact that the court of France lived in Touraine between 1430 and 1530. French, the language of the court, had become the official language of the entire kingdom.

    A Council of Tours in 813 decided that priests should preach sermons in different languages because the common people could no longer understand classical Latin. This was the first official recognition of an early French language distinct from Latin, and can be considered as the birth of French.

    The Ordinance of Montils-lès-Tours, promulgated by Charles VII in 1454, made it mandatory to write laws and oral customs in the native language of the area.

    An ordinance of Charles VIII (born in Amboise, near Tours) in 1490 and one of Louis XII (born in Blois, near Tours) in 1510 broaden the scope of the ordinance of Charles VII.

    Finally, the Ordinance of Villers-Cotterêts, signed into law by Francis I in 1539, called for the use of French in all legal acts, notarized contracts and official legislation to avoid any linguistic confusion.

    Gregory of Tours wrote in the 6th century that some people in the area could still speak Gaulish.

    City

    [edit]
    Pont Wilson crosses the river Loire at the old civic core

    The city has a population of 140,000 and is called "Le Jardin de la France" ("The Garden of France"). There are several parks located within the city. Tours is located between two rivers, the Loire to the north and the Cher to the south. The buildings of Tours are white with blue slate (called Ardoise) roofs; this style is common in the north of France, while most buildings in the south of France have terracotta roofs.

    Tours is famous for its original medieval district, called le Vieux Tours. Unique to the Old City are its preserved half-timbered buildings and la Place Plumereau, a square with busy pubs and restaurants, whose open-air tables fill the centre of the square. The Boulevard Beranger crosses the Rue Nationale at the Place Jean-Jaures and is the location of weekly markets and fairs.

    Tours is famous for its many bridges crossing the river Loire. One of them, Wilson Bridge, collapsed in 1978 but was rebuilt.

    In the garden of the ancient Palais des Archevêques (now Musée des Beaux-Arts) is a huge cedar tree said to have been planted by Napoleon.[11] The garden also has a stuffed elephant named Fritz. He escaped from the Barnum and Bailey circus during their stay in Tours in 1902. He went mad and had to be shot down, but the city paid to honor him, and he was taxidermied as a result.

    Tours is home to University of Tours (formerly known as University François Rabelais of Tours), the site of one of the most important choral competitions, called Florilège Vocal de Tours International Choir Competition, and is a member city of the European Grand Prix for Choral Singing.

    Population

    [edit]

    The population data in the table and graph below refer to the commune of Tours proper, in its geography at the given years. The commune of Tours absorbed the former commune of Saint-Étienne in 1845 and Sainte-Radegonde-en-Touraine and Saint-Symphorien in 1964.[12]

    Historical population
    Year Pop. ±% p.a.
    1793 21,000 —    
    1800 20,240 −0.53%
    1806 21,703 +1.17%
    1821 21,928 +0.07%
    1831 23,235 +0.58%
    1836 26,669 +2.80%
    1841 30,072 +2.43%
    1846 30,766 +0.46%
    1851 33,530 +1.74%
    1856 38,055 +2.56%
    1861 41,061 +1.53%
    1866 42,450 +0.67%
    1872 43,368 +0.36%
    1876 48,325 +2.74%
    1881 52,209 +1.56%
    1886 59,585 +2.68%
    1891 60,335 +0.25%
    1896 63,267 +0.95%
    Year Pop. ±% p.a.
    1901 64,695 +0.45%
    1906 67,601 +0.88%
    1911 73,398 +1.66%
    1921 75,096 +0.23%
    1926 77,192 +0.55%
    1931 78,585 +0.36%
    1936 83,753 +1.28%
    1946 80,044 −0.45%
    1954 83,618 +0.55%
    1962 92,944 +1.33%
    1968 128,120 +5.50%
    1975 140,686 +1.35%
    1982 132,209 −0.88%
    1990 129,509 −0.26%
    1999 132,820 +0.28%
    2007 136,578 +0.35%
    2012 134,978 −0.24%
    2017 135,787 +0.12%
     
    Source: EHESS[12] and INSEE (1968–2017)[13]

    Transportation

    [edit]
    Tram model, design by the French agency RCP Design Global

    Today, with extensive rail (including TGV) and autoroute connections linking to the rest of the country, Tours is a jumping-off point for tourist visits to the Loire Valley and the royal châteaux.

    Tours is on one of the main lines of the TGV. It is possible to travel to the west coast of Bordeaux in an hour and forty minutes. From there, the line follows the Mediterranean coast via Avignon, and then to Spain and Barcelona. There are also lines to Lyon, Strasbourg and Lille. It takes less than one hour by train to get from Tours to Paris by TGV and one and a half hours to get to Charles de Gaulle Airport. Tours has two main stations: Gare de Tours, the central station, and Gare de Saint-Pierre-des-Corps, used by trains that do not terminate in Tours.

    Tours Loire Valley Airport connects the Loire Valley to European cities.

    Historically, Tours was served by trams and trolleybuses, the trolleybus system lasting from 1949 to 1968. Tram service returned to the city in 2013, when a new tram system began operation. Twenty-one Alstom Citadis trams were ordered.[14]

    There is also a bus service, the main central stop being Jean Jaurès, next to the Hôtel de Ville, and rue Nationale, the high street of Tours. The tram and bus networks are operated by Fil Bleu and they share a ticketing system. A second tram line is scheduled for 2025.[15]

    Sport

    [edit]

    The city's football team, Tours FC, currently play in Championnat National 3, the fifth level of French football. They also have a second team, CCSP Tours. CCSP's home stadium is the Stade des Tourettes and they play in the Division d'Honneur Regionale de Centre, the seventh tier of the French football league system.[citation needed]

    Tours has served as the finish location for Paris–Tours, a one-day road cycling classic race held almost every October since 1896.[16]

    Tours also has a volleyball club named the Tours VB.

    Catholics from Tours

    [edit]
    Venerable Leo Dupont, Holy Man of Tours

    Tours is a special place for Catholics who follow the devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus and the adoration of the Blessed Sacrament. In 1843, Sister Marie of St Peter of Tours reported a vision which started the devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus, in reparation for the many insults Christ suffered in His Passion. The Golden Arrow Prayer was first made public by her.

    The Venerable Leo Dupont also known as The Holy Man of Tours lived in Tours at about the same time. In 1849 he started the nightly adoration of the Blessed Sacrament, which spread throughout France. Upon hearing of Sister Marie of St Peter's reported visions, he started to burn a vigil lamp continuously before a picture of the Holy Face of Jesus. The devotion was eventually approved by Pope Pius XII in 1958 and he formally declared the Feast of the Holy Face of Jesus as Shrove Tuesday (the Tuesday before Ash Wednesday) for all Roman Catholics.[17] The Oratory of the Holy Face on Rue St. Etienne in Tours receives many pilgrims every year.

    Tours was the site of the episcopal activity of St. Martin of Tours and has further Christian connotations in that the pivotal Battle of Tours in 732 is often considered the first decisive victory over the invading Islamic forces, turning the tide against them. The battle also helped lay the foundations of the Carolingian Empire.[18]

    Notable people

    [edit]
    Louise de la Vallière, 17th.C
    General Régis de Trobriand, 1865

    Public service

    [edit]

    Arts

    [edit]
    Jean Fouquet self portrait, ca.1450
    Philippe Néricault Destouches, 1741
    statue of Honoré de Balzac

    Science and business

    [edit]
    Gabriel Lamé

    Sport

    [edit]
    Pascal Hervé, 2000

    Twin towns — sister cities

    [edit]

    Tours is twinned with:[28]

    [edit]

    See also

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022.
    2. ^ "Populations de référence 2022" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 19 December 2024.
    3. ^ "Comparateur de territoire". INSEE. Retrieved 16 June 2022.
    4. ^ Historia Brittonum 7, 10–11
    5. ^ The Andalusian History, from the Islamic conquest till the fall of Granada 92–897 A.H. (711–1492 C.E.), by Professor AbdurRahman Ali El-Hajji, a professor of the Islamic history at Baghdad University, published in Dar Al-Qalam, in Damascus, and in Beirut. "Second Edition". p. 194
    6. ^ "Données climatiques de la station de Tours" (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
    7. ^ "TOURS (37)" (PDF). Fiche Climatologique: Statistiques 1991–2020 et records (in French). Meteo France. Retrieved 6 August 2019.
    8. ^ "Normes et records 1961–1990: Tours – St Symphorien (37) – altitude 112m" (in French). Infoclimat. Retrieved 31 December 2015.
    9. ^ "Tours, France". Meet Minneapolis. 2012. Archived from the original on 22 July 2012. Retrieved 3 August 2012.
    10. ^ de Montvalon, Jean-Baptiste. "Philippe Boula de Mareüil : « Les accents participent à la richesse de notre langue". Le Monde (in French). Paris. Retrieved 19 July 2015.
    11. ^ "City summary: Tours". us.media.france.fr.
    12. ^ a b Des villages de Cassini aux communes d'aujourd'hui: Commune data sheet Tours, EHESS (in French).
    13. ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
    14. ^ "Tours selects Citadis and APS". Railway Gazette International. London. 14 September 2010. Retrieved 15 September 2010.
    15. ^ "Tramway de Tours – Le Tram de Tours". letramdetours.net.
    16. ^ "City tourism: Tours". Paris–Tours. Amaury Sport Organisation. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
    17. ^ Dorothy Scallan. "The Holy Man of Tours." (1990) ISBN 0-89555-390-2
    18. ^ Davis, Paul K. (1999) "100 Decisive Battles From Ancient Times to the Present" ISBN 0-19-514366-3
    19. ^ "Berengarius" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 768–769.
    20. ^ "La Vallière, Louise Françoise de" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 290–291.
    21. ^ "Viollet, Paul Marie" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 107.
    22. ^ "Foucquet, Jean" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 737.
    23. ^ Williamson, George Charles (1911). "Clouet, François" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed.). pp. 559–560.
    24. ^ "Destouches, Philippe" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 104.
    25. ^ "Dutens, Louis" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 736.
    26. ^ "Bouilly, Jean Nicolas" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 318.
    27. ^ Saintsbury, George (1911). "Balzac, Honoré de" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). pp. 298–301.
    28. ^ "Jumelages et partenariats". tours.fr (in French). Tours. Retrieved 16 November 2019.

    Further reading

    [edit]
    [edit]

     

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