Botox for fine lines New Westminster

Botox for fine lines New Westminster

Botox

Each testimonial isn't just a story; it's a shared experience of transformation, satisfaction, and renewed self-esteem, all thanks to Manhas Health Co.'s commitment to excellence in Botox and filler services. These images not only showcase the skill of the practitioners but also highlight the customized approach they take with each client. Learn more about Botox for fine lines New Westminster here Their team of professionals isn't only highly trained in the latest techniques but also committed to personalized care. Whether you're looking to smooth out wrinkles, restore volume, or enhance facial contours, they've got you covered.
You're probably wondering what fillers are made of. You're in the hands of experts who are adept at using just the right amount of product in the right places, ensuring a natural, refreshed look, not overdone or artificial. It's personalized care at its best.'These testimonials highlight the personalized approach we take with every client.
To make your experience even more rewarding, Manhas Health Co offers exclusive specials and promotions on our botox and filler treatments. Botox They're also better equipped to handle any unforeseen complications, should they arise. Learn more about Best place for Botox and Filler near Columbia Street, New Westminster here. Moreover, Manhas Health Co.

Botox for fine lines New Westminster - Botulinium toxin

  • Botulinum toxin type b
  • DaxibotulinumtoxinA
  • Botulinum neurotoxin
  • LetibotulinumtoxinA
  • ATCvet code QM03AX01
  • Type E botulinum toxin
  • Botulinum toxin type B
  • Myobloc
  • Botulinum toxin type A
  • Botulinum toxin type E
  • Type G botulinum toxin
  • Botulinum Toxin
  • Botulinus toxin
  • Botulotoxin
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  • Daxxify
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stays ahead by continuously training in the newest methods and embracing technological advancements in the field.
They offer a range of hyaluronic acid fillers, known for their ability to attract and retain moisture, giving your skin a natural, hydrated look. At Manhas Health Co., you're not just a client; you're part of our community, where we're dedicated to helping you look and feel your best. You can usually resume most daily activities immediately, although we recommend avoiding strenuous exercise for 24 to 48 hours to ensure optimal results.

But how exactly do these treatments work, and what sets Manhas Health Co. apart from the rest? Botox, a purified form of botulinum toxin, temporarily paralyzes muscles. Let's embark on this journey together, transforming your skin into a reflection of your inner youth and vitality. EC 3.4.24.69 You'll notice a significant reduction in fine lines and wrinkles, giving your face a smoother, more refreshed appearance.

However, it's vital to consult with a professional to ensure these treatments are suitable for your skin type and aesthetic goals. After your treatment, expect some slight swelling or bruising. You might wonder if the treatment is painful or safe.

Many clients find that combining Botox with fillers offers a comprehensive approach to achieving a more youthful and balanced appearance. By preventing certain chemical signals from reaching your brain, Botox can reduce the frequency and severity of migraine attacks. They'll provide you with a personalized treatment plan tailored just for you.

Botox for fine lines New Westminster - Botulinum F toxin

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  2. Botulinium toxin
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  11. Botulinum toxin type b
  12. DaxibotulinumtoxinA
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  16. Type E botulinum toxin
  17. Botulinum toxin type B
  18. Myobloc
  19. Botulinum toxin type A
  20. Botulinum toxin type E


Other types include calcium hydroxylapatite, which is denser and used for deeper lines and volume loss, and poly-L-lactic acid fillers that stimulate your skin's collagen production for longer-lasting results. At Manhas Health Co, you're not just getting a routine procedure; you're experiencing a tailor-made treatment designed to enhance your natural beauty. You can easily make an appointment through their website or by giving them a call.

Cheek fillers New Westminster


New Westminster (colloquially known as New West) is a city in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia, Canada, and a member municipality of the Metro Vancouver Regional District. It was founded by Major-General Richard Moody as the capital of the Colony of British Columbia in 1858 and continued in that role until the Mainland and Island colonies were merged in 1866. It was the British Columbia Mainland's largest city from that year until it was passed in population by Vancouver during the first decade of the 20th century.

Botox for crow’s feet New Westminster

Nearby Tourist Attractions

Burnaby Mountain Conservation Area

Tourist attraction, Park
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Sprawling natural area with numerous trails, plus carved wooden sculptures popular for sunset snaps.

Annieville Lions Park

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Annieville Lions Park, 9150 112 St, Delta, BC

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Whalley
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Public green space equipped with water features, Japanese & Chinese gardens plus sport courts.


Citations and other links

Cheek volume filler Botox for fine lines New Westminster

If you experience any unexpected side effects or have concerns, don't hesitate to contact your provider for advice and guidance. The results are subtle but impactful.'And it's not just about the immediate changes. This relaxation reduces the appearance of existing wrinkles and prevents new ones from forming. You'll also find that we use the latest techniques to minimize discomfort and reduce the risk of complications. But here you are, considering a more realistic approach at Manhas Health Co in Botox for fine lines New Westminster, where Botox and fillers promise to refresh your look with a subtlety that whispers, not shouts.
We understand you're busy, so we've made sure our booking system is straightforward and user-friendly. Understanding the importance of expertise is crucial when selecting Botox and filler services, as it directly impacts the safety and quality of your results. Our selection process for these products is rigorous, ensuring they meet stringent safety standards and have a proven track record of delivering exceptional results. Botulinum toxin type D Next, they'll examine your skin's condition, focusing on areas you'd like to enhance.

Botox for fine lines New Westminster - RimabotulinumtoxinB

  1. Botulinum
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  4. Botulinum toxin type b
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  15. Botulinum Toxin
  16. Botulinus toxin

These activities can increase swelling and bruising at the injection sites. During the treatment, the specialist uses fine needles to precisely administer Botox or fillers. From subtle enhancements to more dramatic transformations, the images speak volumes about our expertise and the quality of care we provide. This means you won't just receive generic advice; you'll get tips and instructions that match your unique situation. Read more about Botox for fine lines New Westminster here
It's also rare, but some people might experience eyelid drooping or eyebrow asymmetry, which typically resolves as the Botox wears off. This initial step is crucial, as it sets the stage for a tailored experience that's as unique as you are. Meanwhile, fillers can be strategically placed in areas like the cheeks, lips, and nasolabial folds to restore lost volume and enhance facial symmetry. These procedures, meticulously performed by their expert team, focus on refining and rejuvenating, rather than altering your inherent look.

Cheek volume filler Botox for fine lines New Westminster
Volume restoration Botox for fine lines New Westminster

Volume restoration Botox for fine lines New Westminster

Moreover, Manhas Health Co. stays at the forefront of aesthetic innovation, regularly updating their services to include the latest advancements in the field.

Botox for fine lines New Westminster - PrabotulinumtoxinA

  • Botulinum toxin type b
  • DaxibotulinumtoxinA
  • Botulinum neurotoxin
  • LetibotulinumtoxinA
  • ATCvet code QM03AX01
  • Type E botulinum toxin
  • Botulinum toxin type B
  • Myobloc
  • Botulinum toxin type A
  • Botulinum toxin type E
  • Type G botulinum toxin
  • Botulinum Toxin
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  • Botulotoxin
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  • Daxxify
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Drinking plenty of water and eating foods rich in vitamins can aid in your recovery and enhance the longevity of your results. It's a straightforward process designed to fit seamlessly into your busy life. Unlike Botox, fillers don't affect muscle movement.

You'll leave your consultation feeling confident and educated about your choices, knowing you've been heard and understood. Type C botulinum toxin Manhas Health Co. tailors each treatment to your unique facial structure, taking into account your skin's condition, your age, and your aesthetic goals. One client, Emma, says, 'After my treatment at Manhas Health Co., I couldn't believe the mirror.

If turning back the hands of time were as easy as turning back the pages of a calendar, we'd all be flaunting our teenage skin. Both treatments offer a way to turn back the clock without surgery. Together, they offer a comprehensive approach to anti-aging, allowing you to tackle a wide range of concerns from fine lines to deep folds.

While some results may be immediate, the full effects of Botox and fillers can take up to two weeks to materialize. Depending on the type of filler used, you can expect your results to last anywhere from 6 months to over a year. Botulinum toxin G We'll also consider your schedule and budget, proposing a timeline that fits your life.

Botox and filler combo Botox for fine lines New Westminster

Nestled in the heart of Botox for fine lines New Westminster, they've quickly become a beacon for those seeking to rejuvenate their appearance with the latest in aesthetic technology. Manhas Health Co., nestled in the heart of Botox for fine lines New Westminster, stands as a beacon for those seeking trusted services in this delicate field. At Manhas Health Co., it's not just about the treatment-it's about the trusted relationship you build with our team. I'm no longer self-conscious in front of my class.'Sarah, a 29-year-old nurse, adds, 'I was nervous about getting lip fillers, but the team at Manhas Health Co made me feel at ease. Their specialists aren't only highly trained in the latest techniques, but they also prioritize a personalized approach, ensuring that every treatment plan is tailored to meet your unique needs and aesthetic goals.

As you browse through the gallery, imagine the possibilities for your own aesthetic journey. It's their unparalleled commitment to personalized care and cutting-edge techniques. It's vital to understand what Botox is and how it works before you decide it's right for you. Let's help you on your journey to feeling and looking your best.

Instead, we sit down with you, listen to your concerns, and craft a personalized treatment plan that aligns with what you're looking for. Moreover, Manhas Health Co. stays ahead by continuously updating their techniques and equipment. Moreover, they prioritize your comfort and safety throughout the process. Delving into the science behind Botox and fillers reveals how these treatments work at a cellular level to rejuvenate your skin.

Botox for fine lines New Westminster - Botulinum toxin C

  • Type G botulinum toxin
  • Botulinum Toxin
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  • Botulotoxin
  • Botulinum toxin type C
  • Daxxify
  • Bo tox
  • Botulismotoxin
  • Botulinum C1 toxin
  • Type F botulinum toxin
  • Bontoxilysin
  • Dysport A
  • Xeomin
  • ATC code M03AX01
  • Botox Cosmetic
  • Botulinum toxin A
  • EC 3.4.24.69
  • Botulinium toxin
  • Botulinum toxin C
  • Botulinum toxin type D


This step is crucial because it ensures that the treatment highlights your natural beauty while addressing specific concerns. You're involved in every decision, from selecting the type of filler to determining the precise injection sites. When you introduce a friend to Manhas Health Co, both of you benefit from exclusive offers that are too good to pass up. Now, I wonder why I waited so long.

Botox and filler combo Botox for fine lines New Westminster
Customized filler treatments Botox for fine lines New Westminster
Customized filler treatments Botox for fine lines New Westminster

This attention to detail means you can expect consistent, high-quality results that reflect your individuality. You're not just choosing a treatment; you're choosing a team that puts your well-being and satisfaction at the forefront. Botulinum F toxin This conversation is pivotal, as it helps your specialist understand your vision and how best to achieve it. You'll leave not only with visible results but with a boost in confidence that impacts every aspect of your life.

Today's the day to embrace a more confident, refreshed version of yourself. You're not just scheduling an appointment; you're setting the stage for a transformation that aligns with your unique aesthetic goals. They believe in the power of education and regularly host workshops and seminars aimed at empowering individuals with knowledge about health, wellness, and self-care.

At Manhas Health Co., you'll find that our team of professionals boasts extensive experience in administering Botox and fillers, ensuring you're in skilled hands. You've seen the subtle yet transformative effects of Botox and fillers, and you're ready for the next step. Botox Cosmetic Our team's expertise is the cornerstone of Manhas Health Co's success in botox and filler treatments.

Botox for fine lines New Westminster - Botulinium toxin

  1. Botulinum toxin type C
  2. Daxxify
  3. Bo tox
  4. Botulismotoxin
  5. Botulinum C1 toxin
  6. Type F botulinum toxin
  7. Bontoxilysin
  8. Dysport A
  9. Xeomin
  10. ATC code M03AX01
  11. EC 3.4.24.69
  12. Botulinium toxin
  13. Botulinum toxin C
  14. Botulinum toxin type D
  15. Type C botulinum toxin
  16. PrabotulinumtoxinA
  17. Dysport


But what sets them apart from the crowd in a city teeming with options?

Injectables for youthful appearance Botox for fine lines New Westminster

Trust in our expertise to guide you through the process, from consultation to post-treatment care. After your treatment, it's vital to follow specific guidelines to ensure the best outcome. They're continuously updating their skills with the latest industry advancements, ensuring you receive the highest standard of care. Trust us to provide you with a treatment plan that's as unique as you are. After a consultation to discuss your aesthetic goals, we'll carefully inject the filler into the targeted areas.
Choosing Manhas Health Co for your filler treatments means opting for personalized care that aims not just to enhance your beauty but to boost your confidence too. Let's clear up some common worries. Once injected, fillers provide instant volume and can smooth out lines and creases right away, making it a quick solution for those looking to improve their appearance without downtime. While many associate Botox with its ability to smooth wrinkles, it's also remarkably effective for other aesthetic and therapeutic purposes. EvabotulinumtoxinA
It's a chance to ask questions and understand the potential outcomes. You're not just another client to them; you're an individual with unique needs and desires. You'll find their walls adorned with heartfelt testimonials and success stories that speak volumes. Our expert team, known for their meticulous technique and compassionate care, ensures that you're not just another appointment on the calendar.
They adhere to stringent hygiene and sterilization protocols, reducing any chance of infection. Botulinium toxin The precision with which his treatment was administered, coupled with his diligent adherence to aftercare, culminated in a more youthful, vibrant appearance that exceeded his expectations. From the moment you walk in, you'll feel the difference. Moreover, we're equipped with state-of-the-art technology to guide our procedures, ensuring that each injection is placed with precision for optimal results.

Learn more about Botox for fine lines New Westminster here
Injectables for youthful appearance Botox for fine lines New Westminster

Cosmetic may refer to:

  • Cosmetics, or make-up, substances to enhance the beauty of the human body, apart from simple cleaning
  • Cosmetic, an adjective describing beauty, aesthetics, or appearance, especially concerning the human body
  • Cosmetic, a topical product that is not a drug
  • In-game cosmetics, video game virtual goods that generally offer no competitive advantage

See also

[edit]

Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

[edit]

Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

[edit]
A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

[edit]

Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

[edit]
A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
[edit]

Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

[edit]
The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

[edit]
A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

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Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

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Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

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Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

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Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

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Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

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Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

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