New Westminster Botox Treatments

New Westminster Botox Treatments

Botox for skin rejuvenation

Our team at Manhas Health Co. Learn more about Manhas Health Co. here. is dedicated to transparency. While we're thrilled to share client success stories, we also understand the importance of addressing the concerns some may have about Botox treatments. Read more about New Westminster Botox Treatments here Learn more about New Westminster Botox Treatments here You'll start noticing the results of your Botox treatment within a few days, with the full effects typically visible after about two weeks. I feel more confident and vibrant.' Her story is one of many where clients see real, tangible results that boost their self-esteem and overall happiness. We're here to guide you through the financial aspects, ensuring clarity and ease of access to our services.
It's not permanent, lasting about 3 to 6 months, which means we can adjust treatments as our clients' needs change over time.

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We've gathered a few tips to ensure you're fully prepared for the treatment day. Following up is an essential part of our service; we'll check in to monitor your progress and make any necessary adjustments to achieve your desired outcome. By choosing Manhas Health Co for your Botox treatments, you're not just getting a service; you're receiving a customized care plan designed with your unique beauty in mind.
I look like me, but refreshed. They're not just about the treatments but ensuring you're comfortable and informed throughout the process.” We're here to support our clients, not just aesthetically, but by providing a caring and professional environment. Don't worry; all your information is kept confidential. At Manhas Health Co., we're committed to delivering safe, effective Botox solutions. Cosmetic injections
Our clinic follows strict safety protocols, so you can feel confident in the quality and safety of your treatment. We're committed to providing a safe, comfortable experience for everyone. From preparing for your session to following through with aftercare, we ensure a seamless experience that promises results. Lastly, we're proud to offer a new Botox service focused on the jawline.

During this initial meeting, we'll ask about any previous cosmetic treatments you've had, your medical conditions, and any medications you're currently taking. Our clients' satisfaction is our top priority, and we go the extra mile to ensure that every visit is a positive experience. Our experienced practitioners are skilled in adjusting techniques and dosages to suit different facial areas, from forehead lines to crow's feet, ensuring a tailored, effective solution for each client. Our approach is holistic; we don't just look at the area you want to enhance, we consider your overall well-being.

We've also heard, “I was skeptical about getting Botox, but seeing the natural-looking results, I'm so glad I did. From your initial consultation to your post-treatment care, we're here to support you every step of the way. But the advantages don't stop at aesthetics.

Side effects, though rare, can occur and include temporary bruising, swelling, or redness at the injection site.

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Recognizing the uniqueness of each individual's needs, we customize every Cosmetic Botox treatment plan to ensure optimal results. Botox and facial fillers It's about enhancing quality of life in various ways.

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Whether it's crow's feet, forehead lines, or frown lines that bother you, we've got the expertise to address those concerns. We're not just providing a service; we're enhancing well-being and self-esteem. Stick with us as we explore why Manhas Health Co. is the go-to for those looking to turn back the clock, without having to wind it up again.

Botox Treatment Centers in New Westminster

Entity Name Description Source
Botulinum toxin Description for Botulinum toxin Source
Skeletal muscle Description for Skeletal muscle Source
Eyelid Description for Eyelid Source
Eye drop Description for Eye drop Source
Injectable filler Description for Injectable filler Source
Marionette lines Description for Marionette lines Source
Lip Description for Lip Source
Dermatology Description for Dermatology Source
Mohs surgery Description for Mohs surgery Source
Skin cancer Description for Skin cancer Source
Varicose veins Description for Varicose veins Source
Melanocytic nevus Description for Melanocytic nevus Source
Collagen induction therapy Description for Collagen induction therapy Source
Platelet-rich plasma Description for Platelet-rich plasma Source
Pattern hair loss Description for Pattern hair loss Source
Skin care Description for Skin care Source
New Westminster Description for New Westminster Source
British Columbia Description for British Columbia Source
Rhinoplasty Description for Rhinoplasty Source
Masseter muscle Description for Masseter muscle Source
Submental triangle Description for Submental triangle Source
Hair loss Description for Hair loss Source
Scalp Description for Scalp Source
Hair follicle Description for Hair follicle Source
Hyperhidrosis Description for Hyperhidrosis Source
Restylane Description for Restylane Source
Physiology Description for Physiology Source

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The entrance to the Fraser is very striking—Extending miles to the right & left are low marsh lands (apparently of very rich qualities) & yet fr [sic] the Background of Superb Mountains—Swiss in outline, dark in woods, grandly towering into the clouds there is a sublimity that deeply impresses you. Everything is large and magnificent, worthy of the entrance to the Queen of England's dominions on the Pacific mainland. My imagination converted the silent marshes into Cuyp-like pictures of horses and cattle lazily fattening in rich meadows in a glowing sunset. The water of the deep clear Frazer was of a glassy stillness, not a ripple before us, except when a fish rose to the surface or broods of wild ducks fluttered away.

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Nearby Tourist Attractions

Ron McLean Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Ron McLean Park, 7820 Hedley Ave, Burnaby, BC V5E 2R3
Community park with a kids' playground, baseball field & courts for tennis & basketball.

Byrne Creek Ravine Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Byrne Creek Ravine Park, 6555 Byrnepark Dr, Burnaby, BC V5E 4L4
Wooded natural area with a winding creek, trails for hiking & dog-walking & a baseball diamond.

Burnaby Blues & Roots Festival

Tourist attraction
Burnaby Blues & Roots Festival, Burnaby, BC V5G 3T1

Burnaby Mountain Biking and Hiking Trails

Tourist attraction, Hiking area
Burnaby Mountain Biking and Hiking Trails, University Dr E, Burnaby, BC V5A 4Y8

Citations and other links

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It's relatively painless, with most clients describing it as a slight pinch. Our goal is to ensure everyone leaves feeling informed and excited about their Botox journey. This is where frown lines occur, and Botox can significantly reduce these marks of concentration or concern, contributing to a friendlier, more approachable appearance.

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Cosmetic Botox, a popular non-surgical procedure, temporarily relaxes facial muscles to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. Should you need to reschedule, it's hassle-free.

After a Botox session, most of our clients are able to return to work or their usual routines almost immediately. We're here to guide you through the simple process of booking your appointment, ensuring a seamless journey towards achieving your cosmetic goals. Typically, the effects of Botox can last anywhere from three to six months, depending on the individual's skin type, the area treated, and their lifestyle. We're here to listen and provide you with the information you need to make an informed decision.

One client mentioned, 'I never thought I'd feel this good about my reflection again.

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We believe in nurturing a supportive environment, not just for our clients but for our team as well.

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It's important to us that our clients feel informed and confident every step of the way. Moreover, we're here to guide you through the entire process, explaining every step and answering any questions you might have.

Generally, Botox is considered safe when administered by a qualified professional. It's important to follow post-treatment care instructions we provide, which can help reduce any discomfort and enhance the treatment's effectiveness. Essentially, Botox temporarily relaxes facial muscles, smoothing out wrinkles and preventing the formation of new ones. First, visit our website and navigate to the 'Bookings' section.

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Our team consists of highly trained professionals who not only have a deep understanding of facial aesthetics but also stay updated with the latest techniques and products. Professional Botox services Our initial consultation is a critical step where we discuss your aesthetic goals and assess your facial structure to recommend the most effective treatment approach. Many share stories of newfound confidence and joy in their appearance, praising not just the results but the care and professionalism they encountered at Manhas Health Co. But why choose Manhas Health Co. for your Botox needs, and what can you really expect from this popular treatment? Our professionals are highly trained in administering Botox, guaranteeing not just effective but also natural-looking results.

It's not just about looking younger; it's about feeling more confident in our skin. Remember, this initial consultation is your opportunity to ask questions and express any concerns you might have. Our skilled team is passionate about helping you look and feel your best. Safe Botox procedures We can't wait to meet you and start this journey together.

It's all about creating a comfortable, informed experience that leaves you feeling confident and looking your best. It's this meticulous approach that guarantees our clients' safety and satisfaction. It's a reminder that the magic of Botox isn't just in the visible results but in the renewed confidence it instills. Cosmetic Botox, widely recognized for its ability to smooth wrinkles, is a minimally invasive treatment that's revolutionized facial rejuvenation.

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This approach has built us a reputation as a trusted partner in our community's wellness journey. With a professional touch that's neither overzealous nor underwhelming, we've embraced this innovative treatment, recognizing its potential to not only smooth out wrinkles but to also enhance one's self-confidence. Understanding that each client's needs and concerns are unique, they take the time to listen, consult, and tailor treatments that best suit individual goals and expectations. We're committed to creating a welcoming and stress-free environment, so you'll feel at ease throughout the process.

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Some clients might experience headaches or flu-like symptoms for a short period post-treatment. We skillfully treat horizontal lines that can make you look worried or tired, smoothing them out for a more relaxed expression. We're not just treating symptoms; we're enhancing your overall quality of life. Botox works by blocking nerve signals in the muscles where it's injected. We also heard from Emily, who said, 'I was skeptical about getting Botox, but the professionals at Manhas Health Co. addressed all my concerns.

Plus, the effects are temporary, offering flexibility if preferences change over time. Don't rub or massage the treated areas for at least 24 hours; this can cause the Botox to spread to unintended muscles. We also recommend staying upright for 4 hours post-treatment and postponing any strenuous activities until the next day. That's why we start with a thorough consultation to discuss your specific concerns and desired outcomes.

This means you're always getting the best, most innovative care available. We're excited to offer Cosmetic Botox because it's a quick, minimally invasive procedure that can make a significant difference in how people perceive themselves. We understand the importance of looking and feeling your best. Botox for skin rejuvenation At Manhas Health Co., we recognize that every person's skin and aesthetic goals are unique.

Moreover, we pride ourselves on using the latest techniques and highest quality products. It's a quick, minimally invasive procedure that we've mastered at Manhas Health Co., offering tailored solutions to each client's unique needs. After my treatment at Manhas Health Co., I not only look refreshed but feel a surge of confidence. They've shared how these procedures haven't just rejuvenated their appearance but also boosted their confidence.

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Botox Aesthetic Consultation

We get it; you want to enhance your beauty, not change it. Secondly, we prioritize safety and personalized care. Our team is committed to offering personalized care that aligns with your beauty goals. We use a fine needle for the injections, making the process as comfortable as possible. Why choose Manhas Health Co., you might ask?

Choosing Manhas Health Co means opting for excellence, care, and unmatched professionalism. We also recommend avoiding strenuous activities and keeping your head elevated to reduce any potential swelling. With just a few tiny injections, we've seen the transformation in our clients' faces and, more importantly, in their smiles. Botox for aging prevention We've seen how transformative this treatment can be, not just on the outside, but in how our clients carry themselves with renewed confidence.

At our clinic, we prioritize safety and precision. We've dedicated ourselves to not just meeting, but exceeding the expectations of our clients, ensuring each experience is tailored to their individual needs. Let's embark on this beautiful journey together, where every step forward is a step towards feeling and looking your absolute best. It motivates us to continue offering the highest standard of service in New Westminster Botox Treatments.

Lastly, applying a cold pack to the treated areas can help reduce any swelling or bruising. This allows us to understand not just what you want to achieve with Cosmetic Botox, but also the best way to achieve it. We'll discuss your medical history, any medications you're taking, and assess your skin to ensure Botox is the right choice for you. This ensures we're on the same page and can tailor the treatment to your specific needs.

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Most importantly, we've seen how these changes can uplift someone's spirit. In our quest for eternal youth, Manhas Health Co.

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Botox appointment preparation has gently paved the way for those seeking to soften the hands of time in New Westminster Botox Treatments through their expert cosmetic Botox solutions. At Manhas Health Co., we've established ourselves as New Westminster Botox Treatments's go-to clinic for cosmetic Botox, championing both safety and efficacy in our treatments. Additionally, Botox treatments are quick and have minimal downtime, making them a convenient option for busy individuals. Many of our clients report a boost in self-esteem and confidence following their Botox sessions.

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After submitting your details, you'll receive a confirmation email with all the appointment specifics. Botox isn't just about reducing wrinkles; it's about creating a balanced, harmonious look that enhances your natural beauty without altering your fundamental appearance. We consider factors like your skin's condition, your age, and your lifestyle to tailor a treatment that's as unique as you are. Moreover, we pride in our transparent communication.
Lastly, we don't overlook the lines around the mouth and the chin. If you have any questions or need to reschedule, don't hesitate to reach out. This effect is temporary, lasting about 3 to 6 months, depending on various factors such as the area treated, the individual's skin type, and lifestyle. We opt for products with soothing ingredients like aloe vera and hyaluronic acid to keep our skin hydrated and to support its natural healing process.
That's why we're committed to offering our clients the best possible outcomes with every Botox session. That's why we've expanded our wellness services to include top-rated cosmetic Botox, a proven solution for reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Our licensed practitioners aren't only experts in Cosmetic Botox but also stay at the forefront of the latest trends and techniques in the industry. Moreover, for those experiencing chronic migraines, Botox has been a beacon of hope.

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Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

[edit]
The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

[edit]
A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

[edit]
Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

[edit]
Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

[edit]

Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

[edit]
Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

[edit]
Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

[edit]
Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

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Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

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A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

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Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

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A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
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