House Renovation Surrey

House Renovation Surrey

Basement waterproofing

If you're contemplating a transformation for your home, understanding how Canyon Property Projects Ltd. can elevate your living space might just be the inspiration you need to take that next step. You're not just looking at basic renovations anymore; they've branched out to encompass a wider array of projects to transform your space. Learn more about House Renovation Surrey here You'll be greeted with friendly, knowledgeable staff ready to guide you through the process, ensuring that your project gets off to a smooth start. Whether it's a minor adjustment you need or just some advice on maintaining your newly upgraded space, they're just a call or email away.
Plus, they're flexible, ready to adjust plans as your needs evolve during the project. That's the kind of innovation you'll experience with their designs. Canyon Property Projects Ltd. understands the importance of staying ahead of market trends and can guide you through the process of selecting the most valuable upgrades for your specific situation, ensuring that your investment pays off when it's time to sell.
You'll receive detailed plans and 3D renderings, allowing you to visualize the outcome before any work begins. We also emphasize sustainability, selecting materials and appliances that are both eco-friendly and durable. Their team dives deep into the specifics of what you're looking for, ensuring every detail from cabinetry to countertops embodies your unique vision.
Whether you're looking to update your kitchen, transform your bathroom, or add an extension, Canyon Property's skilled team has the expertise to deliver exceptional results. Learn more about Canyon Property Projects Ltd. here. Whether you're dreaming of a minimalist living room, a rustic kitchen, or a luxurious bathroom, they've got the expertise to turn your vision into reality. Ambient, task, and accent lighting solutions can highlight architectural features and improve makeup application and shaving.

Basement waterproofing

  1. Local home renovators Surrey
  2. Home office renovation
  3. Basement suite construction
  4. Plumbing upgrades
  5. Kitchen renovation
  6. Home gym remodeling
  7. Roofing and gutters
  8. Local home renovators Surrey
  9. Home office renovation
  10. Basement suite construction
  11. Plumbing upgrades
  12. Kitchen renovation
  13. Home gym remodeling
  14. Roofing and gutters
  15. Local home renovators Surrey
  16. Home office renovation
  17. Basement suite construction
  18. Plumbing upgrades

Stay with us as we explore the intricate details of their approach, from the initial design concept to the exceptional aftercare services that leave clients in awe long after the project is completed. This approach guarantees your outdoor space isn't only breathtaking on completion but remains so for years to come. The team was professional, and their commitment to sustainability made us feel we made the right choice.'John, a local business owner in House Renovation Surrey, echoes this sentiment. 'Our commercial space needed a revamp, and Canyon Property Projects Ltd. delivered beyond expectations.

Kitchen renovation

  1. Roofing and gutters
  2. Plumbing upgrades
  3. Kitchen renovation
  4. Home gym remodeling
  5. Roofing and gutters
  6. Plumbing upgrades
  7. Kitchen renovation
  8. Home gym remodeling
  9. Roofing and gutters
  10. Plumbing upgrades
  11. Kitchen renovation
  12. Home gym remodeling
  13. Roofing and gutters
  14. Plumbing upgrades
  15. Kitchen renovation
  16. Home gym remodeling
  17. Roofing and gutters
  18. Plumbing upgrades
  19. Kitchen renovation
This ensures that every decision aligns with what you're aiming to achieve, whether it's boosting the property's appeal or functionality. It's a win-win scenario where you get the home improvements you desire while supporting sustainability efforts.

You'll notice the difference immediately. Whether it's a bold door color or stylish window frames, these details matter. Fortunately, this company has you covered with solutions that aren't only good for the planet but also for your health and wallet in the long run. For homeowners, how will your needs evolve?

Whether you're dreaming of a modern kitchen overhaul, an expansive new living space, or a complete redesign of your home's interior and exterior, they've got you covered. They want to make sure you're not just satisfied, but delighted. Whether it's a minor adjustment or a more significant concern, they're just a call away, ensuring that your home remains perfect. From the initial consultation, they listen carefully to what you want, taking into account your preferences, lifestyle, and budget. Luxury home remodeling Surrey

They understand that each renovation project is as unique as the homeowner themselves, which is why they work closely with you to ensure that your specific desires and requirements are met with precision and care. This means you're not left guessing about timelines or budgets; instead, you get a clear picture of how your project is unfolding. Canyon Property Projects Ltd. meticulously focuses on every small detail to ensure your home improvement project exceeds expectations. You're likely familiar with their reputation for high-quality work and client satisfaction, but now, they're taking things a step further.

Citations and other links

Basement Renovation Services House Renovation Surrey

This means your home improvement isn't just a personal upgrade but a smart, local market-aligned investment. They're a testament to the tailored approach Canyon Property Projects Ltd. takes with each project. Instead, they take the time to understand exactly what you're looking for in your House Renovation Surrey home improvement project. You'll notice this in the flawless finishes, the seamless integration of new additions with existing structures, and the bespoke solutions tailored just for your space.
They understand that a bathroom renovation is a significant investment, and they're committed to delivering exceptional quality that boosts both your home's value and your everyday living experience. This personalized service commitment is what sets Canyon Property Projects Ltd. Home office renovation apart in the House Renovation Surrey home improvement scene. Whether you're looking to update your kitchen, expand your living space, or completely overhaul your property, they've got the skills and expertise to make it happen.
You'll notice the difference in the fine finishes, the precision in the construction, and the meticulous attention to detail. Read more about House Renovation Surrey here While enhancing your home's market value through strategic upgrades is crucial, it's equally important to manage these projects effectively to ensure their success. Firstly, they kick off with a detailed consultation to understand your vision and goals.
Once you've reached out, the next step involves scheduling a consultation at your convenience. From the initial consultation to the final touches, they prioritize communication, keeping you informed and involved at every step. Trust them to bring your vision to life with the quality and craftsmanship your home deserves.

Basement Renovation Services House Renovation Surrey
Personalized Home Improvements House Renovation Surrey

Personalized Home Improvements House Renovation Surrey

They don't stop at materials, though.

Plumbing upgrades

  1. Roofing and gutters
  2. Roofing and gutters
  3. Roofing and gutters
  4. Roofing and gutters
  5. Roofing and gutters
  6. Roofing and gutters
  7. Roofing and gutters
  8. Roofing and gutters
  9. Roofing and gutters
  10. Roofing and gutters
  11. Roofing and gutters
  12. Roofing and gutters
  13. Roofing and gutters
  14. Roofing and gutters
  15. Roofing and gutters
  16. Roofing and gutters
  17. Roofing and gutters
  18. Roofing and gutters
  19. Roofing and gutters
  20. Roofing and gutters
If the Poly B pipe replacement necessitates further renovations, they've got you covered. They use only the highest quality materials, ensuring that your home improvement project isn't only beautiful but also durable. Step into the future of home living with Canyon Property Projects Ltd.'s advanced home automation solutions, designed to make your life easier and more comfortable.

This ensures that your home isn't just beautiful and functional today but remains so for years to come, with minimal impact on the planet. Canyon Property Projects Ltd. consistently prioritizes sustainable building practices, ensuring your home improvement project not only looks great but also respects the environment. Whether you're dreaming of a sleek, modern kitchen, a cozy, traditional living room, or a bathroom that feels like a spa retreat, we've got the creativity and expertise to bring those ideas to life.

From energy-efficient appliances to reclaimed wood cabinets, they offer a wide range of options to make your dream kitchen a reality. At the heart of their approach, Canyon Property Projects Ltd believes in harmonizing form and function to elevate both the beauty and utility of a space. Canyon Property Projects Ltd. supports you in making informed decisions, leveraging their expertise to guide your choices.

You've likely witnessed the surge in home improvement projects, but what sets Canyon Property apart is their tailored approach to renovation and design. This approach not only demystifies the construction process but also cultivates a sense of trust and confidence in their workmanship.

Experienced renovation team Surrey

  • Basement waterproofing
  • Interior remodeling
  • Sustainable renovation materials
  • Project management
  • Local home renovators Surrey
  • Home office renovation
  • Basement suite construction
  • Plumbing upgrades
  • Kitchen renovation
  • Home gym remodeling
  • Roofing and gutters
  • Interior remodeling
  • Sustainable renovation materials
  • Project management
  • Local home renovators Surrey
  • Home office renovation
Embarking on your home improvement project with Canyon Property Projects Ltd. begins with understanding your unique needs and vision.

Bathroom Remodel House Renovation Surrey

We've streamlined our processes and sourced materials efficiently to ensure that we can offer you the best possible price without compromising on quality.

Local home renovators Surrey

  • Luxury home remodeling Surrey
  • Experienced renovation team Surrey
  • Whole house renovation
  • Surrey custom home upgrades
  • Entertainment room renovation
  • Custom cabinetry
  • Home gym remodeling
  • Full-service renovation Surrey
  • Outdoor kitchen installation
  • Home improvement ideas Surrey
  • Local home renovators Surrey
  • Home theater installation
  • Interior painting
  • Surrey kitchen and bath renovations
  • Renovation cost estimates
  • Custom home remodeling
  • Closet renovations
  • Basement waterproofing
  • Laundry room renovation
Simple changes, such as adding flower beds, trimming overgrown bushes, or introducing new tree lines, can elevate your property's appeal significantly. You won't find cookie-cutter solutions here. This level of service is what sets them apart and why their aftercare services are unmatched in the industry. At the heart of their success is a commitment to quality and customer satisfaction, setting them apart in a crowded market.

Canyon Property Projects Ltd. integrates sustainable building practices to ensure your home's renovation is environmentally responsible and energy-efficient. Local home renovators Surrey Furthermore, they're embracing the latest in technology and sustainability. Experienced renovation team Surrey Imagine standing in the heart of your newly transformed home, where every detail reflects your unique style and needs, thanks to the bespoke services offered by Canyon Property Projects Ltd. With Canyon Property Projects Ltd., you're not just getting a bathroom remodel; you're investing in an experience.

You'll start by sharing your vision during a detailed consultation, where they'll listen intently and offer expert advice to align your dreams with practical solutions. Their commitment to precision and excellence transforms this phase into a seamless, stress-free experience, paving the way for the successful realization of your project. Their dedication to craftsmanship is evident in every join, every paint stroke, and every tile laid. They know that your home isn't just a space; it's a reflection of your personality, your aspirations, and your life story.

Understanding the House Renovation Surrey real estate market is essential for making informed decisions about your home improvement projects. And when it comes to tools, they equip their professionals with top-of-the-line technology. Enhancing your curb appeal with landscaping, updated siding, or even a new roof can make a dramatic difference in your home's overall aesthetics and value. Kitchen renovation Canyon Property Projects Ltd. coordinates everything, keeping you informed with regular updates.

Bathroom Remodel House Renovation Surrey
Bathroom Remodeling Contractors House Renovation Surrey
Bathroom Remodeling Contractors House Renovation Surrey

This level of aftercare support is crucial, as it reflects Canyon Property Projects Ltd.'s dedication to quality and customer satisfaction. When you focus on strategic upgrades and renovations, you're not just enhancing the look of your property; you're also boosting its attractiveness to potential buyers. Their approach to waste management during the renovation process is equally impressive. Choosing Canyon Property Projects Ltd. means you're opting for a future where your home is part of the solution. Your front door acts as the centerpiece of your home's exterior.

Several standout projects showcase Canyon Property Projects Ltd's ability to transform homes with remarkable ingenuity and craftsmanship. We've navigated complex renovations, ensuring every detail aligns with our clients' visions and the highest industry standards. Recognizing the importance of a home's exterior appeal and functionality, they've introduced services like landscaping, deck building, and exterior painting. They communicate effectively, keeping you in the loop at every stage of the process.

Moreover, we regularly benchmark our prices against the market to ensure we remain competitive. Since its inception, Canyon Property Projects Ltd. has been transforming homes across House Renovation Surrey with its expert home improvement services. Canyon Property doesn't just focus on aesthetics; they also prioritize efficiency upgrades. A luxurious kitchen transformation can dramatically elevate your home's interior, offering both functionality and style that cater to your culinary adventures.

They understand that your home is your sanctuary, which is why they put you at the heart of every decision. It's time to embrace these pioneering renovations. You'll find that their dedication to eco-friendly solutions and meticulous attention to detail doesn't go unnoticed. With Canyon Property Projects Ltd., you're in capable hands.



Plumbing upgrades

  • Home office renovation
  • Basement suite construction
  • Plumbing upgrades
  • Kitchen renovation
  • Home gym remodeling
  • Roofing and gutters
  • Project management
  • Local home renovators Surrey
  • Home office renovation
  • Basement suite construction
  • Plumbing upgrades
  • Kitchen renovation
  • Home gym remodeling
  • Roofing and gutters
  • Project management
Property Modernization House Renovation Surrey

They're not just builders; they're partners in creating environments that resonate with your personal aesthetic and functional requirements. We don't just follow the current styles; we aim to set new benchmarks in home design. Their team doesn't just manage; they excel, ensuring that every aspect of your project receives the attention it deserves. Plus, they'll handle all the technical aspects, from securing necessary permits to adhering to local building codes, making the process seamless and stress-free. One realtor shares, 'Canyon Property Projects Ltd. not only elevated the aesthetic appeal of the homes I'm selling but significantly boosted their market value.
Consider the indulgence of a freestanding soaking tub or the convenience of a smart toilet with touchless flush and self-cleaning features. They don't just transform houses; they reimagine what your living space can be, from the ground up. Do you envision a modern kitchen with high-tech appliances or a luxurious bathroom that serves as a private retreat? If you have a change of heart or encounter unforeseen challenges, they're ready to adapt, ensuring that the final result doesn't just meet, but exceeds your expectations.
Their expertise ensures that these technologies not only work seamlessly together but also blend into the aesthetic of your home. They're committed to not only enhancing the beauty and value of your home but also ensuring it meets the modern demands for energy efficiency and tech integration. Whole house renovation They're even integrating advanced technology and eco-friendly options to meet the modern homeowner's needs. Interior remodeling They select premium materials that ensure durability, aesthetics, and efficiency.

Local home renovators Surrey

  1. Home gym remodeling
  2. Roofing and gutters
  3. Kitchen renovation
  4. Home gym remodeling
  5. Roofing and gutters
  6. Kitchen renovation
  7. Home gym remodeling
  8. Roofing and gutters
  9. Kitchen renovation
  10. Home gym remodeling
  11. Roofing and gutters
  12. Kitchen renovation
  13. Home gym remodeling
  14. Roofing and gutters
  15. Kitchen renovation
  16. Home gym remodeling

One highlight includes a complete overhaul of a traditional House Renovation Surrey home, where they've seamlessly blended modern conveniences with the building's historic charm. Roofing and gutters You won't have to juggle multiple contractors or worry about project timelines slipping. It's a collaborative effort, aimed at bringing your ideas to life while offering professional advice to enhance the outcome. They understand that questions or concerns can arise once you start living in your newly transformed space.

Explore House Renovation Surrey here
Property Modernization House Renovation Surrey
Polybutylene
Names
Other names
polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1
Identifiers
ChemSpider
  • none
ECHA InfoCard 100.111.056 Edit this at Wikidata
Properties
(C4H8)n
Density 0.95 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)[1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
1-butene (monomer)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Polybutylene (polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1) is a polyolefin or saturated polymer with the chemical formula (CH2CH(Et))n. Not be confused with polybutene, PB-1 is mainly used in piping.[2]

Production

[edit]

Polybutylene is produced by polymerisation of 1-butene using supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts.

Catalysts

[edit]

Isotactic PB-1 is produced commercially using two types of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts.[3] The first type of catalyst contains two components, a solid pre-catalyst, the δ-crystalline form of TiCl3, and solution of an organoaluminum cocatalyst, such as Al(C2H5)3. The second type of pre-catalyst is supported. The active ingredient in the catalyst is TiCl4 and the support is microcrystalline MgCl2. These catalysts also contain special modifiers, organic compounds belonging to the classes of esters or ethers. The pre-catalysts are activated by combinations of organoaluminum compounds and other types of organic or organometallic modifiers. Two most important technological advantages of the supported catalysts are high productivity and a high fraction of the crystalline isotactic polymer they produce at 70–80 °C under standard polymerization conditions.[4][5][6]

Characteristics

[edit]

PB-1 is a high molecular weight, linear, isotactic, and semi-crystalline polymer. PB-1 combines typical characteristics of conventional polyolefins with certain properties of technical polymers.

PB-1, when applied as a pure or reinforced resin, can replace materials like metal, rubber and engineering polymers. It is also used synergistically as a blend element to modify the characteristics of other polyolefins like polypropylene and polyethylene. Because of its specific properties it is mainly used in pressure piping, flexible packaging, water heaters, compounding and hot melt adhesives.

Heated up to 190 °C and above, PB-1 can easily be compression moulded, injection moulded, blown to hollow parts, extruded, and welded. It does not tend to crack due to stress.[dubiousdiscuss] Because of its crystalline structure and high molecular weight, PB-1 has good resistance to hydrostatic pressure, showing very low creep even at elevated temperatures.[7] It is flexible, resists impact well and has good elastic recovery.[3][8]

Isotactic polybutylene crystallizes in three different forms. Crystallization from solution yields form-III with the melting point of 106.5 °C. Cooling from the melt results in the form II which has melting point of 124 °C and density of 0.89 g/cm3. At room temperature, it spontaneously converts into the form-I with the melting point of 135 °C and density of 0.95 g/cm3.[1]

PB-1 generally resists chemicals such as detergents, oils, fats, acids, bases, alcohol, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons and hot polar solutions (including water).[3] It shows lower resistance to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons as well as oxidising acids than other polymers such as polysulfone and polyamide 6/6.[7] Additional features include excellent wet abrasion resistance, easy melt flowability (shear thinning), and good dispersion of fillers. It is compatible with polypropylene, ethylene propylene rubbers, and thermoplastic elastomers.

Some properties:[7]

Application areas

[edit]

Piping systems

[edit]

The main use of PB-1 is in flexible pressure piping systems for hot and cold drinking water distribution, pre-insulated district heating networks and surface heating and cooling systems. ISO 15876 defines the performance requirements of PB-1 piping systems.[9] PB-1's most notable characteristics are weldability, temperature resistance, flexibility and high hydrostatic pressure resistance. The material can be classified PB 125 with a minimum required strength (MRS) of 12.5 MPa. Other features include low noise transmission, low linear thermal expansion, no corrosion and calcification.

PB-1 piping systems are no longer being sold in North America (see "Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage", below). The overall market share in Europe and Asia is rather small but PB-1 piping systems have shown a steady growth in recent years. In certain domestic markets, e.g. Kuwait, the United Kingdom, Korea and Spain, PB-1 piping systems have a strong position.[8]

Plastic packaging

[edit]

Several PB-1 grades are commercially available for various applications and conversion technologies (blown film, cast film, extrusion coating). There are two main fields of application:

  • Peelable easy-to-open packaging where PB-1 is used as blend component predominantly in polyethylene to tailor peel strength and peel quality, mainly in alimentary consumer packaging and medical packaging.
  • Lowering seal initiation temperature (SIT) of high speed packaging polypropylene based films. Blending PB-1 into polypropylene, heat sealing temperatures as low as 65 °C can be achieved, maintaining a broad sealing window and good optical film properties.

Hot melt adhesives

[edit]

PB-1 is compatible with a wide range of tackifier resins. It offers high cohesive and adhesive strength and helps tailoring the "open time" of the adhesive (up to 30 minutes) because of its slow crystallisation kinetics. It improves the thermal stability and the viscosity of the adhesive.[10]

Compounding and masterbatches

[edit]

PB-1 accepts very high filler loadings in excess of 70%. In combination with its low melting point it can be employed in halogen-free flame retardant composites or as masterbatch carrier for thermo-sensitive pigments. PB-1 disperses easily in other polyolefins, and at low concentration, acts as processing aid reducing torque and/or increasing throughput.

Thermal insulation

[edit]

PB-1 can be foamed.[11] The use of PB-1 foam as thermal insulation is of great advantage for district heating pipes, since the number of materials in the sandwich structure is reduced to one, facilitating its recycling.[12]

Other applications

[edit]

Other applications include domestic water heaters, electrical insulation, compression packaging, wire and cable, shoe soles, and polyolefin modification (thermal bonding, enhancing softness and flexibility of rigid compounds, increasing temperature resistance and compression set of soft compounds).

Environmental longevity

[edit]

Plumbing and heating systems made from PB-1 have been used in Europe and Asia for more than 30 years. First reference projects in district heating and floor heating systems in Germany and Austria from the early 1970s are still in operation today.[8]

One example is the installation of PB-1 pipes in the Vienna Geothermal Project (1974) where aggressive geothermal water is distributed at a service temperature of 54 °C and 10 bar pressure. Other pipe materials in the same installation failed or corroded and had been replaced in the meantime.[8]

International standards set minimum performance requirements for pipes made from PB-1 used in hot water applications. Standardized extrapolation methods predict lifetimes in excess of 50 years at 70 °C and 10 bar.[8]

Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage

[edit]

Polybutylene plumbing was used in several million homes built in the United States from around 1978 to 1997. Problems with leaks and broken pipes led to a class action lawsuit, Cox v. Shell Oil, that was settled for $1 billion.[13][14] The leaks were associated with degradation of polybutylene exposed to chlorinated water.[15]

Polybutylene water pipes are no longer accepted by the United States building codes and have been the subject[16] of class action lawsuits in both Canada and the U.S.[17][18] The National Plumbing Code of Canada 1995 listed polybutylene piping as acceptable for use with the exception of recirculation plumbing. The piping was removed from the acceptable for use list in the 2005 issue of the standard.[19]

In Australia in March 2023, the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety reported that Australian homes built in 2019-2020 that had used a certain brand of polybutylene piping, had become the subject of an enquiry due to the significance of water leaks reported.[20][21]

There is evidence to suggest that the presence of chlorine and chloramine compounds in municipal water (often deliberately added to retard bacterial growth) will cause deterioration of the internal chemical structure of polybutylene piping and the associated acetal fittings.[22] The reaction with chlorinated water appears to be greatly accelerated by tensile stress, and is most often observed in material under highest mechanical stress such as at fittings, sharp bends, and kinks. Localized stress whitening of the material generally accompanies and precedes decomposition of the polymer. In extreme cases, this stress-activated chemical "corrosion" can lead to perforation and leakage within a few years, but it also may not fail for decades. Fittings with a soft compression seal can give adequate service life.[further explanation needed]

Because the chemical reaction of the water with the pipe occurs inside the pipe, it is often difficult to assess the extent of deterioration. The problem can cause both slow leaks and pipe bursting without any previous warning indication. The only long-term solution is to completely replace the polybutylene plumbing throughout the entire building.[23]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Mark Alger, Mark S. M. Alger (1997). Polymer science dictionary. Springer. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-412-60870-4.
  2. ^ Whiteley, Kenneth S.; Heggs, T. Geoffrey; Koch, Hartmut; Mawer, Ralph L.; Immel, Wolfgang (2000). "Polyolefins". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_487. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  3. ^ a b c d Charles A. Harper (2006). Handbook of plastics technologies: the complete guide to properties and performance. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-07-146068-2.
  4. ^ Hwo, Charles C.; Watkins, Larry K. Laminated film with improved tear strength, European Patent Application EP0459742, Publication date 12/04/1991
  5. ^ Boo-Deuk Kim et al. (2008) U.S. patent 7,442,489
  6. ^ Shimizu, Akihiko; Itakura, Keisuke; Otsu, Takayuki; Imoto, Minoru (1969). "Monomer-isomerization polymerization. VI. Isomerizations of butene-2 with TiCl3 or Al(C2H5)3–TiCl3 catalyst". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 7 (11): 3119. Bibcode:1969JPoSA...7.3119S. doi:10.1002/pol.1969.150071108.
  7. ^ a b c d Freeman, Andrew; Mantell, Susan C.; Davidson, Jane H. (2005). "Mechanical performance of polysulfone, polybutylene, and polyamide 6/6 in hot chlorinated water". Solar Energy. 79 (6): 624–37. Bibcode:2005SoEn...79..624F. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2005.07.003.
  8. ^ a b c d e Polybutylene Archived November 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ ISO 15876-1:2003 iso.org
  10. ^ T.E. Rolando (1998). Solvent-Free Adhesives. iSmithers Rapra. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-85957-133-0.
  11. ^ Doyle, Lucía (2022-03-20). "Extrusion foaming behavior of polybutene-1. Toward single-material multifunctional sandwich structures". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 139 (12). doi:10.1002/app.51816. ISSN 0021-8995.
  12. ^ Doyle Gutierrez, Lucia (2022-12-02). A Circular Economy Approach to Multifunctional Sandwich Structures: Polymeric Foams for District Heating Pre-Insulated Pipes (Thesis thesis). HafenCity Universität Hamburg. doi:10.34712/142.35.
  13. ^ Hensler, Deborah R.; Pace, Nicholas M.; Dombey-Moore, Bonita; Giddens, Beth; Gross, Jennifer; Moller, Erik K. (2000). "Polybutylene Plumbing Pipes Litigation: Cox v. Shell Oil". In Hensler, Deborah R. (ed.). Class action dilemmas: pursuing public goals for private gain. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Institute for Civil Justice. pp. 375–98. ISBN 978-0-8330-2601-9.
  14. ^ Schneider, Martin (November 21, 1999). "Pipe problem getting fixed". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2012-06-04. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  15. ^ Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Assessing material performance in chlorinated potable water applications" (PDF). Book Institute of Materials. 759: 863–72. ISSN 1366-5510. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2010-07-30. also published as: Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Chlorine resistance testing of cross-linked polyethylene piping materials". ANTEC 2001 Proceedings. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 2833–9. ISBN 978-1-58716-098-1.
  16. ^ Pipe dream is nightmare for many, Miami Herald - September 12, 1993
  17. ^ "DuPont USA Settlement of the Canadian Class Action Lawsuits". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  18. ^ Polybutylene Plumbing Pipe Leak Relief
  19. ^ "Polybutylene (Poly-B) Pressure Water Piping" (PDF). municipalaffairs.alberta.ca. Government of Alberta. 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2019-09-09.
  20. ^ "Information for owners of new homes with polybutylene plumbing pipes" (PDF). commerce.wa.gov.au. March 21, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  21. ^ Batajtis, Damian (27 March 2023). "Comprehensive Guide to polybutylene Piping Issues and Solutions in Australia". Wizard Leak Detection. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  22. ^ Cause of failure in polybutylene pipe & acetal fittings http://www.polybutylene.com/poly.html
  23. ^ "Polybutylene Piping". PropEx.com. Archived from the original on 2015-08-29. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

Further reading

[edit]

A contractor[1][2] (North American English) or builder (British English),[3][4] is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.[5]

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.[6]

Description

[edit]

A general contractor is a construction manager employed by a client, usually upon the advice of the project's architect or engineer.[7] General Contractors are mainly responsible for the overall coordination of a project and may also act as building designer and construction foreman (a tradesman in charge of a crew).

A general contractor must first assess the project-specific documents (referred to as a bid, proposal, or tender documents). In the case of renovations, a site visit is required to get a better understanding of the project. Depending on the project delivery method, the general contractor will submit a fixed price proposal or bid, cost-plus price or an estimate. The general contractor considers the cost of home office overhead, general conditions, materials, and equipment, as well as the cost of labor, to provide the owner with a price for the project.

Contract documents may include drawings, project manuals (including general, supplementary, or special conditions and specifications), and addendum or modifications issued prior to proposal/bidding and prepared by a design professional, such as an architect.The general contractor may also assume the role of construction manager, responsible for overseeing the project while assuming financial and legal risks.There are several types of risks can occur include cost overruns, delays, and liabilities related to safety or contract breaches.

Prior to formal appointment, the selected general contractor to whom a client proposes to award a contract is often referred to as a "preferred contractor".[8]

Responsibilities

[edit]

A general contractor is responsible for providing all of the material, labor, equipment (such as heavy equipment and tools) and services necessary for the construction of the project. A general contractor often hires specialized subcontractors to perform all or portions of the construction work. When using subcontractors, the general contractor is responsible for overseeing the quality of all work performed by any and all of the workers and subcontractors.

It is a best practice for general contractors to prioritize safety on the job site, and they are generally responsible for ensuring that work takes place following safe practices.

A general contractor's responsibilities may include applying for building permits, advising the person they are hired by, securing the property, providing temporary utilities on site, managing personnel on site, providing site surveying and engineering, disposing or recycling of construction waste, monitoring schedules and cash flows, and maintaining accurate records.[9]

The general contractor may be responsible for some part of the design, referred to as the "contractor's design portion" (JCT terminology).[10]

United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Australia usage

[edit]

In the United Kingdom, Australia and some British Commonwealth countries, the term 'general contractor' was gradually superseded by builders during the early twentieth century.[citation needed] This was the term used by major professional, trade, and consumer organizations when issuing contracts for construction work, and thus the term 'general contractor' fell out of use except in large organizations where the main contractor is the top manager and a general contractor shares responsibilities with professional contractors.

General contractors who conduct work for government agencies are often referred to as "builders". This term is also used in contexts where the customer's immediate general contractor is permitted to sub-contract or circumstances are likely to involve sub-contracting to specialist operators e.g. in various public services.

United States and Asia usage

[edit]

In the United States and Asia, the terms general contractor (or simply "contractor"), prime contractor and main contractor are often interchangeable when referring to small local companies that perform residential work. These companies are represented by trade organizations such as the NAHB.[11]

Prime contractor

[edit]

Prime contractor is a term defined in the US law.[12][13] Statutory definitions of prime contract, prime contractor, subcontract, and subcontractor are in 41 U.S.C. § 8701.[14] The prime contractor term was already defined before the 8 March 1946 passage of An Act To eliminate the practice by subcontractors, under cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable contacts of the United States, of paying fees or kick-backs, or of granting gifts or gratuities to employees of a cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable prime contractors or of higher tier subcontractors for the purpose of securing the award of subcontracts or orders. (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 79–319, 60 Stat. 37)

Licensing requirements

[edit]

Licensing requirements to work legally on construction projects vary from locale to locale. In the United States, there are no federal licensing requirements to become a general contractor, but most US states require general contractors to obtain a local license to operate. It is the states' responsibility to define these requirements: for example, in the state of California, the requirements are stated as follows:

With a few exceptions, all businesses or individuals who work on any building, highway, road, parking facility, railroad, excavation, or other structure in California must be licensed by the California Contractors State License Board (CSLB) if the total cost of one or more contracts on the project is $500 or more.

In every state that requires a license, a surety bond is required as part of the licensing process, with the exception of Louisiana, where bonding requirements may vary in different parishes. Not all states require General Contractor licenses - these include Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, among others.

Licensing qualifications

[edit]

Some general contractors obtain bachelor's degrees in construction science, building science, surveying, construction safety, or other disciplines.

General Contractors often learn about different aspects of construction, including masonry, carpentry, framing, and plumbing. Aspiring general contractors communicate with subcontractors and may learn the management skills they need to run their own company.

Experience in the construction industry as well as references from customers, business partners, or former employers are demanded. Some jurisdictions require candidates to provide proof of financing to own their own general contracting firm.

General Contractors often run their own business. They hire subcontractors to complete specialized construction work and may manage a team of plumbers, electricians, bricklayers, carpenters, iron workers, technicians, handymans, architects and roofers. General Contractors build their business by networking with potential clients, buying basic construction tools, and ensuring that their subcontractors complete high-quality work. General Contractors do not usually complete much construction work themselves, but they need to be familiar with construction techniques so they can manage workers effectively. Other reasons include access to specialist skills, flexible hiring and firing, and lower costs.

General contractor example

[edit]

A property owner or real estate developer develops a program of their needs and selects a site (often with an architect). The architect assembles a design team of consulting engineers and other experts to design the building and specify the building systems. Today contractors frequently participate on the design team by providing pre-design services such as providing estimations of the budget and scheduling requirements to improve the economy of the project. In other cases, the general contractor is hired at the close of the design phase. The owner, architect, and general contractor work closely together to meet deadlines and budget. The general contractor works with subcontractors to ensure quality standards; subcontractors specialise in areas such as electrical wiring, plumbing, masonry, etc.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Davies, Nikolas, and Erkki Jokiniemi. Architect's illustrated pocket dictionary. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2011. 289. Print.
  2. ^ "Collins Dictionary".
  3. ^ "Merriam-Webster".
  4. ^ "Builder vs. Construction Manager".
  5. ^ Hendrickson, Chris. & Au, Tung (2000), The Design and Construction Process. Project Management for Construction: Fundamental Concepts for Owners, Engineers, Architects and Builders, chapter 3
  6. ^ "What's the difference between a developer and a builder?". Chicago Tribune. 2005-01-23. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  7. ^ Shekhar, R. K. (2005), Academic Dictionary of Architecture, Delhi: Isha Books, 69
  8. ^ Law Insider Inc., Preferred Contractor(s definition [sic], accessed 21 March 2023
  9. ^ Allen, Edward, & Iano Joseph (2009). Fundamentals of Building Construction Materials and Methods. 5th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
  10. ^ Joint Contracts Tribunal, Intermediate Building Contract with contractor’s design (ICD), current edition 2019, accessed 7 July 2021
  11. ^ "About NAHB". www.nahb.org. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  12. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1.
  13. ^ Carril & Duggan 2020.
  14. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1, Note 5.

Sources

[edit]

Frequently Asked Questions

When unexpected issues like mold or structural problems arise during your renovation, Canyon Property Projects Ltd. promptly addresses them. They'll assess the situation, provide solutions, and adjust the project plan to ensure everything's handled effectively.

Canyon Property Projects Ltd. offers various financing options and payment plans to help you manage your home improvement project costs. You'll find flexible solutions tailored to fit your budget, making your project more manageable.

Canyon Property Projects Ltd. prioritizes your safety by adhering to strict health protocols, including regular sanitization, wearing protective gear, and maintaining social distancing during all construction projects, ensuring both workers and clients are protected.