Facial rejuvenation New Westminster

Facial rejuvenation New Westminster

Non-Invasive Botox

We've seen firsthand how it transforms not just appearances but also boosts confidence and self-esteem. Instead, we listen to your concerns, assess your facial structure, and recommend treatments that target your specific needs.

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Learn more about Facial rejuvenation New Westminster here Don't rub or massage the treated areas for at least 24 hours; this can cause the Botox to spread to unintended muscles. Lastly, come to your session with a clean face-no makeup, please.
Our team is committed to providing personalized care that aligns with your unique desires and health objectives.

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Browsing through the gallery, you'll notice the precision in our work, the natural-looking results, and the attention to detail that sets us apart. It really affected my self-esteem.
We're here to guide you through each step, ensuring your experience is as comfortable and satisfying as possible.

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The science behind Botox is as fascinating as the results it delivers.

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At Manhas Health Co., we've seen firsthand how it's not just about the aesthetic improvements but also about boosting our clients' confidence.
These stories aren't just about the aesthetic improvements; they're about the newfound confidence and joy our clients experience. Learn more about Manhas Health Co. here. At the heart of Manhas Health Co's success is our expert team, whose dedication and skill are unmatched in the industry.

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We've seen how it can also offer relief from medical conditions like chronic migraines, excessive sweating, and muscle spasms.

We're here to help you look and feel your best, with a team that's second to none. Recognizing the delicate nature of the eye area, we've adopted techniques that minimize discomfort while maximizing results. The procedure was quick, and the results were incredible.' Emily's experience highlights our commitment to providing a safe, welcoming environment for our clients. These results last around three to four months, after which you can return for a touch-up.

This ensures that we can tailor our Botox treatments to fit your unique needs perfectly. We often use it to treat areas that show signs of aging, like the forehead, around the eyes, and between the brows. We've made the process as straightforward as possible because we understand you're eager to start your journey towards a more confident you.

One of the most appealing aspects of undergoing Botox at Manhas Health Co. is the minimal downtime required, allowing clients to quickly resume their daily activities. It's been a game-changer for my self-esteem.” It's feedback like this that drives us to continue offering expert cosmetic solutions tailored to each individual's needs. After exploring the various treatment areas for Botox, it's important to highlight that procedures at Manhas Health Co. aren't only effective but also quick and convenient for our clients. Botox For Hyperhidrosis

Without these signals, the muscles can't contract, leading to a smoother, softer complexion. You can pay for your Botox treatment upfront using cash, credit cards, or debit cards. This commitment to ongoing education means we're not just keeping pace with industry standards; we're setting them.

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The entrance to the Fraser is very striking—Extending miles to the right & left are low marsh lands (apparently of very rich qualities) & yet fr [sic] the Background of Superb Mountains—Swiss in outline, dark in woods, grandly towering into the clouds there is a sublimity that deeply impresses you. Everything is large and magnificent, worthy of the entrance to the Queen of England's dominions on the Pacific mainland. My imagination converted the silent marshes into Cuyp-like pictures of horses and cattle lazily fattening in rich meadows in a glowing sunset. The water of the deep clear Frazer was of a glassy stillness, not a ripple before us, except when a fish rose to the surface or broods of wild ducks fluttered away.

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Nearby Tourist Attractions

Coquitlam Heritage at Mackin House

Tourist attraction, Heritage museum, Museum
Coquitlam Heritage at Mackin House, 1116 Brunette Ave, Coquitlam, BC V3K 1G2

Deer Lake Park

Tourist attraction, Park
Deer Lake Park, 5435 Sperling Ave, Burnaby, BC V5E 2L8
Scenic picnic areas & lakeside trails leading to the Burnaby Art Gallery & other attractions.

Eagles Estate Heritage Garden

Tourist attraction, Garden
Eagles Estate Heritage Garden, 5655 Sperling Ave, Burnaby, BC V5E 2T2

Trapped Coquitlam

Tourist attraction, Amusement center, Game store, Escape room center
Trapped Coquitlam, 1300 Woolridge St #9, Coquitlam, BC V3K 6Y6

Nikkei National Museum & Cultural Centre

Tourist attraction, Community center, Museum, National museum, Recreation center, Heritage museum
Nikkei National Museum & Cultural Centre, 6688 Southoaks Crescent, Burnaby, BC V5E 4M7
Japanese-Canadian history & culture are the focus at this complex with exhibits, a garden & events.

Burnaby Village Museum

Tourist attraction, Ethnographic museum, Local history museum, Museum
Burnaby Village Museum, 6501 Deer Lake Ave, Burnaby, BC V5G 3T6
Period costumed townsfolk & a carousel are highlights of this living museum of a 1920s village.

Jundigang truck yard

South Westminster
Tourist attraction
Jundigang truck yard, 54V5+MX9, Surrey, BC V3V 4G4


Citations and other links

Botox Services for All Genders Facial rejuvenation New Westminster

At Manhas Health Co., we've seen firsthand how Botox can significantly reduce the appearance of wrinkles, offering a more youthful look that our clients love. These results last between 3 to 6 months, after which many of our clients opt for a touch-up to maintain their youthful appearance.

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We've equipped our clinic with the latest technology to ensure every procedure is performed with the highest standards of precision and care. We've all seen the dramatic transformations that can come from cosmetic Botox, like our client Sarah, who discovered a newfound confidence after her treatment at Manhas Health Co. in Facial rejuvenation New Westminster.

Whether it's smile lines, marionette lines, or dimpling in the chin, Botox can help smooth these areas, enhancing your natural beauty. This effect is temporary, lasting about 3 to 6 months, depending on various factors such as the area treated, the individual's skin type, and lifestyle. This ensures that our treatment plans aren't only effective but also safe for each individual.

We take the time to listen to you, ensuring that your Botox treatment aligns perfectly with your vision of beauty. Then, we'll walk you through how Botox can address your concerns, what you can expect during and after the treatment, and any potential side effects. Our approach is holistic and patient-centered.

This helps prevent spreading the Botox to unintended muscles. It's all about creating a comfortable, informed experience that leaves you feeling confident and looking your best. Botox, a highly popular cosmetic treatment, offers numerous benefits ranging from reducing wrinkles to alleviating certain medical conditions.



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They're also exceptional at making our clients feel welcomed and at ease from the moment they step into our clinic. Your safety and satisfaction are our top priorities. The process involves small injections that relax the muscles responsible for creating wrinkles, resulting in a smoother, fresher facial appearance. When considering Botox treatments, it's crucial to understand their safety profile and effectiveness, ensuring you're making a well-informed decision. This ensures we're on the same page and can tailor the treatment to your specific needs.
We start by examining your skin and discussing your aesthetic goals. You'll start noticing the results of your Botox treatment within a few days, with the full effects typically visible after about two weeks. Stick with us to uncover how our specialized procedures can rejuvenate your skin and boost your confidence, leaving you wondering why you hadn't considered this sooner. We believe in enhancing your natural beauty, not changing it, and these before and after photos are a testament to our philosophy.
We ensure everyone's safety and satisfaction by using only FDA-approved Botox and having our treatments performed by highly trained professionals. Read more about Facial rejuvenation New Westminster here Instead, we start with a thorough consultation to understand what you're hoping to achieve with Botox, whether it's reducing fine lines, smoothing out wrinkles, or achieving a more youthful appearance.

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Choosing Botox is a decision we respect and support, providing personalized consultations to address any concerns or questions. John, another satisfied client, mentioned, 'The team at Manhas Health Co. made me feel comfortable from the start.
Botox helps soften these, giving you a fresher, more youthful look.

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It's crucial not to rub or massage the treated areas for at least 24 hours; this prevents the Botox from spreading to unintended muscles. It's not just about aesthetics, though; understanding the science behind Botox helps us tailor treatments to each individual's needs, ensuring safety and effectiveness. At Manhas Health Co, we offer a wide range of Botox procedures tailored to meet individual needs and aesthetic goals.

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We're committed to creating a welcoming and stress-free environment, so you'll feel at ease throughout the process. Together, we'll unlock the door to a radiant future where you feel empowered to shine in every aspect of your life. This approach has built us a reputation as a trusted partner in our community's wellness journey. These testimonials represent just a fraction of the positive feedback we've received.

Most clients report feeling only a slight pinch. Understanding that each individual's skin and facial structure is distinct, we start with a thorough consultation to discuss your specific concerns and desired outcomes. We're here to guide you through the aftercare process and answer any questions, ensuring you're delighted with your rejuvenated skin.

I'm truly grateful.'Another said, 'The difference is remarkable. Our Botox services extend to addressing excessive sweating, a condition known as hyperhidrosis, which can be life-changing for those who've struggled with it. Cosmetic Botox, widely recognized for its ability to smooth wrinkles, is a minimally invasive treatment that's revolutionized facial rejuvenation. Best Botox Clinics In New Westminster Botox Treatments For Men

Building on our commitment to your satisfaction, we equally prioritize your safety with rigorous standards and personalized care in every cosmetic Botox procedure. Ready to transform your appearance with Botox? Cosmetic Botox Treatments Our goal is to ensure everyone leaves feeling informed and excited about their Botox journey.

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By the end of your consultation, you'll have a clear understanding of how Botox can enhance your appearance and the peace of mind that you're in expert hands. This isn't just about looking younger; it's about feeling more confident in one's skin, which can positively impact various aspects of life, from professional interactions to personal relationships. It's our belief that informed clients are empowered clients, and your peace of mind is as important to us as your physical well-being. At Manhas Health Co., it's all about celebrating your individuality while helping you look and feel your best. We use a fine needle for the injections, making the process as comfortable as possible.

We know that everyone's skin and cosmetic goals differ, which is why we don't take a one-size-fits-all approach. We're proud to offer a service that not only enhances natural beauty but also fits seamlessly into our clients' lifestyles. We're here to guide you through every step of the process, ensuring that your journey to enhanced beauty and confidence is both successful and enjoyable. We're committed to ensuring our clients at Manhas Health Co. understand both the advantages and the risks.

Continuous learning and professional development are encouraged, ensuring that our clients receive the best possible care.

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This means we're not just focused on reducing wrinkles; we're dedicated to enhancing your confidence and quality of life. Having explored the broad benefits of Botox, it's clear why Manhas Health Co stands out as the premier choice for your cosmetic needs. Most common side effects are mild and temporary, including bruising, swelling, or redness at the injection site.

But the journey towards a more youthful appearance doesn't stop there. We're here to guide you through understanding the full spectrum of benefits that cosmetic Botox offers, including our competitive cost and flexible payment options. That's why we've streamlined our process, ensuring that appointments, including consultation and treatment, are efficient without compromising on quality or safety. After your treatment, we'll provide detailed aftercare instructions to help you achieve the best results while minimizing any potential side effects.

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This treatment works by temporarily paralyzing the muscles that contribute to wrinkles, such as crow's feet, forehead lines, and frown lines, resulting in a smoother, more youthful appearance. We understand the importance of looking and feeling your best. We offer competitive pricing without compromising on quality or safety, making it easier for you to invest in yourself. Botox For Chin Wrinkles Choosing Manhas Health Co means entrusting your care to some of the most capable hands in the business. Botox For Skin Tightening
Moreover, we pride ourselves on using the latest techniques and highest quality products. Stick with us as we explore why Manhas Health Co. is the go-to for those looking to turn back the clock, without having to wind it up again. We're proud to offer services that not only meet but exceed our clients' expectations, providing results that truly make a difference in their lives.
You can book your appointment directly through our website, where you'll find an easy-to-use booking system. Our team's meticulous approach ensures that each client's experience is tailored to their unique needs, prioritizing comfort and results. Now that you're familiar with what to expect from Botox treatment at Manhas Health Co, let's discuss how to secure your appointment.
We've seen firsthand how this mechanism can smooth out fine lines and give our clients a more youthful look. Botox For Lines Around The Mouth Our clients choose us because we offer a comfortable and welcoming environment, making sure everyone feels at home from the moment they step in. Our team is committed to offering personalized care that aligns with your beauty goals.

Learn more about Facial rejuvenation New Westminster here

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Cosmetic skin care Facial rejuvenation New Westminster

Facials may include the use of a facial mask.

A facial is a family of skin care treatments for the face, including steam, exfoliation (physical and chemical), extraction, creams, lotions, facial masks, peels, and massage. They are normally performed in beauty salons, but are also a common spa treatment. They are used for general skin health as well as for specific skin conditions. Types of facials include European facial,[1] LED light therapy facials, hydrafacials and mini-facials.

Facial mask

[edit]

There are different kinds of masks (e.g., clay, cactus, cucumber) for different purposes: deep-cleansing, by penetrating the pores; healing acne scars or hyper-pigmentation; brightening, for a gradual illumination of the skin tone. Facial masks also help with anti-aging, acne, crows feet, under eye bags, sagging lids, dark circles, puffiness,[2] and more. Some masks are designed to dry or solidify on the face, almost like plaster; others just remain wet. The green face mask is very essential and benefited.

Masks are removed by either rinsing the face with water, wiping off with a damp cloth, or peeling off of the face. Duration for wearing a mask varies with the type of mask, and manufacturer's usage instructions. The time can range from a few minutes to overnight. Those with sensitive skin are advised to first test out the mask on a small portion of the skin, in order to check for any irritations. Some facial masks are not suited to frequent use. A glycolic mask should not be used more frequently than once a month to avoid the risk of burning the skin.

Masks can be found anywhere from drugstores to department stores and can vary in consistency and form. Setting masks include: clay, which is a thicker consistency, and will draw out impurities (and sometimes, natural oils, too) from the pores; a cream, which stays damp to hydrate the skin; sheet-style, in which a paper mask is dampened with liquid to tone and moisturize the skin; and lastly, a hybrid/clay and cream form that includes small beads for removing dead surface skin cells. Non-setting facial masks include warm oil and paraffin wax masks. These different forms are made to suit different skin types (e.g., oily or dry), and different skincare goals or needs (e.g., moisturizing, cleansing, exfoliating). Clay and mud masks suit oily and some "combination" skin types,[3] while cream-based masks tend to suit dry and sensitive skin types. There are also peel-off masks which are used to remove thin layers of dead skin cells and dirt.[4]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Eastern European Beauty Secrets and Skin Care Techniques. Dorrance Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4349-7452-5.
  2. ^ Bioelements. "Do I need a facial? 32 reasons you absolutely need one". Bioelements. Archived from the original on 2021-05-16. Retrieved 2021-05-16.
  3. ^ Remedios, Faye (2022-07-01). "The do's and don'ts of mud masks, and why it will be your newest skin obsession". Vogue India. Retrieved 2023-01-31.
  4. ^ "What type of face mask is best for my skin type? | Paula's Choice". www.paulaschoice-eu.com. Retrieved 2021-05-16.

Military Policlinic in Legionowo, Poland

A clinic (or outpatient clinic or ambulatory care clinic) is a health facility that is primarily focused on the care of outpatients. Clinics can be privately operated or publicly managed and funded. They typically cover the primary care needs of populations in local communities, in contrast to larger hospitals which offer more specialized treatments and admit inpatients for overnight stays.

Most commonly, the English word clinic refers to a general practice, run by one or more general practitioners offering small therapeutic treatments, but it can also mean a specialist clinic. Some clinics retain the name "clinic" even while growing into institutions as large as major hospitals or becoming associated with a hospital or medical school.

Etymology

[edit]
The entrance to a surgery clinic in Greenwich, London

The word clinic derives from Ancient Greek κλίνειν klinein meaning to slope, lean or recline. Hence κλίνη klinē is a couch or bed and κλινικός klinikos is a physician who visits his patients in their beds.[1] In Latin, this became clīnicus.[2][3]

An early use of the word clinic was "one who receives baptism on a sick bed".[4]

Overview

[edit]
A medpunkt (health care access point) delivers primary health care to the residents of the village of Veliki Vrag, Russia.

Clinics are often associated with a general medical practice run by one or several general practitioners. Other types of clinics are run by the type of specialist associated with that type: physical therapy clinics by physiotherapists and psychology clinics by clinical psychologists, and so on for each health profession. (This can even hold true for certain services outside the medical field: for example, legal clinics are run by lawyers.)

Some clinics are operated in-house by employers, government organizations, or hospitals, and some clinical services are outsourced to private corporations which specialize in providing health services. In China, for example, owners of such clinics do not have formal medical education. There were 659,596 village clinics in China in 2011.[5]

Health care in India, China, Russia and Africa is provided to those regions' vast rural areas by mobile health clinics or roadside dispensaries, some of which integrate traditional medicine. In India these traditional clinics provide ayurvedic medicine and unani herbal medical practice. In each of these countries, traditional medicine tends to be a hereditary practice.

Function

[edit]
Policlinic in Karl-Marx-Stadt, German Democratic Republic

The function of clinics differs from country to country. For instance, a local general practice run by a single general practitioner provides primary health care and is usually run as a for-profit business by the owner, whereas a government-run specialist clinic may provide subsidized or specialized[dubiousdiscuss] health care.

Some clinics serve as a place for people with injuries or illnesses to be seen by a triage nurse or other health worker. In these clinics, the injury or illness may not be serious enough to require a visit to an emergency room (ER), but the person can be transferred to one if needed.

Treatment at these clinics is often less expensive than it would be at a casualty department. Also, unlike an ER these clinics are often not open on a 24/7/365 basis. They sometimes have access to diagnostic equipment such as X-ray machines, especially if the clinic is part of a larger facility. Doctors at such clinics can often refer patients to specialists if the need arises.[6]

Large outpatient clinics

[edit]
Children Policlinic in Novokosino District of Moscow

Large outpatient clinics vary in size, but can be as large as hospitals.

Function

[edit]

Typical large outpatient clinics house general medical practitioners (GPs) such as doctors and nurses to provide ambulatory care and some acute care services but lack the major surgical and pre- and post-operative care facilities commonly associated with hospitals.

Policlinic in Vilnius-Karoliniškės, Lithuania

Besides GPs, if a clinic is a polyclinic, it can house outpatient departments of some medical specialties, such as gynecology, dermatology, ophthalmology, otolaryngology, neurology, pulmonology, cardiology, and endocrinology. In some university cities, polyclinics contain outpatient departments for the entire teaching hospital in one building.

Internationally

[edit]
Policlinic in Písek, Czech Republic

Large outpatient clinics are a common type of healthcare facility in many countries, including France, Germany (long tradition), Switzerland, and most of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (often using a mixed Soviet-German model), as well as in former Soviet republics such as Russia and Ukraine;[7] and in many countries across Asia and Africa.[8]

In Europe, especially in the Central and Eastern Europe, bigger outpatient health centers, commonly in cities and towns, are called policlinics (derived from the word polis, not from poly-).

Recent[when?] Russian governments have attempted to replace the policlinic model introduced during Soviet times with a more western model. However, this has failed.[9]

In the Czech Republic, many policlinics were privatized or leasehold and decentralized in the post-communist era: some of them are just lessors and coordinators of a healthcare provided by private doctor's offices in the policlinic building.[10]

India has also set up huge numbers of polyclinics for former defense personnel. The network envisages 426 polyclinics in 343 districts of the country which will benefit about 33 lakh (3.3 million) ex-servicemen residing in remote and far-flung areas.[11]

Policlinics are also the backbone of Cuba's primary care system and have been credited with a role in improving that nation's health indicators.[12]

Mobile clinics

[edit]
Hinduja National Hospital's mobile clinic
A mobile health clinic operated from a truck

Providing health services through mobile clinics provides accessible healthcare services to these remote areas that have yet to make their way in the politicized space. For example, mobile clinics have proved helpful in dealing with new settlement patterns in Costa Rica. Before foreign aid organizations or the state government became involved in healthcare, Costa Rica's people managed their own health maintenance and protection.[13] People relied on various socio-cultural adaptations and remedies to prevent illnesses, such as personal hygiene and settlement patterns.[13] When new settlements that sprang up along the coast became "artificial" communities, and due to lack of traditional home healing practices here, alternative methods such as mobile clinics had to be implemented in these communities for the protection and prevention of diseases.[13]

A study done in rural Namibia revealed the health changes of orphans, vulnerable children and non-vulnerable children (OVC) visiting a mobile clinic where health facilities are far from the remote villages.[14] Over 6 months, information on immunization status, diagnosis of anemia, skin and intestinal disorders, nutrition, dental disorders was collected and showed that visits to mobile clinics improved the overall health of children that visited regularly. It concluded that specified "planning of these programs in areas with similarly identified barriers may help correct the health disparities among Namibian OVC and could be a first step in improving child morbidity and mortality in difficult-to-reach rural areas."[14]

A mobile clinic run from a pickup truck in Yemen

Food supplementation in the context of routine mobile clinic visits also shows to have improved the nutritional status of children, and it needs further exploration as a way to reduce childhood malnutrition in resource-scarce areas. A cross-sectional study focussed on comparing acute and chronic undernutrition rates prior to and after a food-supplementation program as an adjunct to routine health care for children of migrant workers residing in rural communities in the Dominican Republic.[15] Rates of chronic undernutrition decreased from 33% to 18% after the initiation of the food-supplementation program and shows that the community members attending the mobile clinics are not just passively receiving the information but are incorporating it and helping keep their children nourished.[15]

Types

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Storefront clinic in Manhattan

There are many different types of clinics providing outpatient services. Such clinics may be public (government-funded) or private medical practices.

  • A CLSC are in Quebec; they are a type of free clinic funded by the provincial government; they provide service not covered by Canada's healthcare plan including social workers
  • In the United States, a free clinic provides free or low-cost healthcare for those with little or without insurance.
  • A retail-based clinic is housed in supermarkets and similar retail outlets providing walk-in health care, which may be staffed by nurse practitioners.
  • A general out-patient clinic offers general diagnoses or treatments without an overnight stay.
  • A polyclinic or policlinic provides a range of healthcare services (including diagnostics) without need of an overnight stay
  • A specialist clinic provides advanced diagnostic or treatment services for specific diseases or parts of the body. This type contrasts with general out-patient clinics.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ κλινικός in A Greek–English Lexicon. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  2. ^ clinicus in A Latin Dictionary. Retrieved 18 September 2016.
  3. ^ Partridge, Eric. Origins: A short etymological dictionary of modern English. Book Club Associates, 1966.
  4. ^ Clinic, Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
  5. ^ "Statistical Communiqué on the 2011 National Economic and Social Development". stats.gov.cn. National Bureau of Statistics of China. 22 February 2012. Archived from the original on 6 April 2012. Retrieved 5 September 2012.
  6. ^ "Clinic search engine tools to find the right Clinic". 123 clinic. Retrieved 15 December 2016.
  7. ^ NLH – Health Management – Policlinics. Retrieved 3 July 2008.[permanent dead link]
  8. ^ Google
  9. ^ Ershova I, Rider O, Gorelov V (December 2007). "Policlinics in London". Lancet. 370 (9603): 1890–1. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61793-0. PMID 18068500. S2CID 43512994.
  10. ^ David Rath: Trnitá cesta privatizace českého zdravotnictví, Hospodářské noviny, 10 September 1996
  11. ^ "199 Additional Polyclinics For Ex-Servicemen". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 26 May 2010.
  12. ^ Cuba's primary health care revolution: 30 years on, Bulletin of the World Health Organization
  13. ^ a b c Morgan, Lynn M. (February 1993). Community Participation in Health: The Politics of Primary Care in Costa Rica. doi:10.1017/CBO9780511558092. ISBN 978-0-521-41898-0. Retrieved 8 May 2020. cite book: |website= ignored (help)
  14. ^ a b Aneni, Ehimen; De Beer, Ingrid H.; Hanson, Laura; Rijnen, Bas; Brenan, Alana T.; Feeley, Frank G. (2013). "Mobile primary healthcare services and health outcomes of children in rural Namibia". Rural and Remote Health. 13 (3): 2380. ISSN 1445-6354. PMID 24016257.
  15. ^ a b Parikh, Kavita; Marein-Efron, Gabriela; Huang, Shirley; O'Hare, Geraldine; Finalle, Rodney; Shah, Samir S. (September 2010). "Nutritional Status of Children after a Food-Supplementation Program Integrated with Routine Health Care through Mobile Clinics in Migrant Communities in the Dominican Republic". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 83 (3): 559–564. doi:10.4269/ajtmh.2010.09-0485. ISSN 0002-9637. PMC 2929051. PMID 20810820.

Wrinkles on the face and hands are a typical sign of aging

A wrinkle, also known as a rhytid, is a fold, ridge or crease in an otherwise smooth surface, such as on skin or fabric. Skin wrinkles typically appear as a result of ageing processes such as glycation,[1] habitual sleeping positions,[2] loss of body mass, sun damage,[3] or temporarily, as the result of prolonged immersion in water. Age wrinkling in the skin is promoted by habitual facial expressions, aging, sun damage, smoking, poor hydration, and various other factors.[4] In humans, it can also be prevented to some degree by avoiding excessive solar exposure and through diet (in particular through consumption of carotenoids, tocopherols and flavonoids, vitamins (A, C, D and E), essential omega-3-fatty acids, certain proteins and lactobacilli).[5]

Skin

[edit]

Causes for aging wrinkles

[edit]
A woman of European origin with facial wrinkles

Development of facial wrinkles is a kind of fibrosis of the skin. Misrepair-accumulation aging theory suggests that wrinkles develop from incorrect repairs of injured elastic fibers and collagen fibers.[6][7][8] Repeated extensions and compressions of the skin cause repeated injuries of extracellular fibers in derma. During the repairing process, some of the broken elastic fibers and collagen fibers are not regenerated and restored but replaced by altered fibers. When an elastic fiber is broken in an extended state, it may be replaced by a "long" collagen fiber. Accumulation of "long" collagen fibers makes part of the skin looser and stiffer, and as a consequence, a big fold of skin appears. When a "long" collagen is broken in a compressed state, it may be replaced by a "short" collagen fiber. The "shorter" collagen fibers will restrict the extension of "longer" fibers, and make the “long" fibers in a folding state permanently. A small fold, namely a permanent wrinkle, then appears.

Sleep wrinkles

[edit]

Sleep wrinkles are created and reinforced when the face is compressed against a pillow or bed surface in side or stomach sleeping positions during sleep.[9] They appear in predictable locations due to the underlying superficial musculoaponeurotic system (SMAS), and are usually distinct from wrinkles of facial expression.[10] As with wrinkles of facial expression, sleep wrinkles can deepen and become permanent over time, unless the habitual sleeping positions which cause the wrinkles are altered.[11]

Water-immersion wrinkling

[edit]
A wrinkled finger after a warm bath

The wrinkles that occur in skin over prolonged exposure to water are sometimes referred to as pruney fingers or water aging. This is a temporary skin condition where the skin on the palms of the hand or feet becomes wrinkly. This wrinkling response may have imparted an evolutionary benefit by providing improved traction in wet conditions,[12] and a better grasp of wet objects.[13] These results were called into question by a 2014 study that failed to reproduce any improvement of handling wet objects with wrinkled fingertips.[14] However, a 2020 study of gripping efficiency found that wrinkles decreased the force required to grip wet objects by 20%, supporting the traction hypothesis.[15]

Prior to a 1935 study, the common explanation was based on water absorption in the keratin-laden epithelial skin when immersed in water,[16] causing the skin to expand and resulting in a larger surface area, forcing it to wrinkle. Usually the tips of the fingers and toes are the first to wrinkle because of a thicker layer of keratin and an absence of hairs which secrete the protective oil called sebum.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling

In the 1935 study, however, Lewis and Pickering were studying patients with palsy of the median nerve when they discovered that skin wrinkling did not occur in the areas of the patients' skin normally innervated by the damaged nerve. This suggested that the nervous system plays an essential role in wrinkling, so the phenomenon could not be entirely explained simply by water absorption. Recent research shows that wrinkling is related to vasoconstriction.[17][18] Water probably initiates the wrinkling process by altering the balance of electrolytes in the skin as it diffuses into the hands and soles via their many sweat ducts. This could alter the stability of the membranes of the many neurons that synapse on the many blood vessels underneath skin, causing them to fire more rapidly. Increased neuronal firing causes blood vessels to constrict, decreasing the amount of fluid underneath the skin. This decrease in fluid would cause a decrease in tension, causing the skin to become wrinkly.[19]

This insight resulted in bedside tests for nerve damage and vasoconstriction. Wrinkling is often scored with immersion of the hands for 30 minutes in water or EMLA cream with measurements steps of 5 minutes, and counting the number of visible wrinkles in time. Not all healthy persons have finger wrinkling after immersion, so it would be safe to say that sympathetic function is preserved if finger wrinkling after immersion in water is observed, but if the fingers emerge smooth it cannot be assumed that there is a lesion to the autonomic supply or to the peripheral nerves of the hand.[20]

Other animals with wrinkles

[edit]

Examples of wrinkles can be found in various animal species that grow loose, excess skin, particularly when they are young. Several breeds of dog, such as the Pug and the Shar Pei, have been bred to exaggerate this trait. In dogs bred for fighting, this is the result of selection for loose skin, which confers a protective advantage.[21]

Techniques for reducing the appearance of aging wrinkles

[edit]
A man receiving a botox injection

Current evidence suggests that tretinoin decreases cohesiveness of follicular epithelial cells, although the exact mode of action is unknown. Additionally, tretinoin stimulates mitotic activity and increased turnover of follicular epithelial cells.[22] Tretinoin is better known by the brand name Retin-A.

Topical glycosaminoglycans supplements can help to provide temporary restoration of enzyme balance to slow or prevent matrix breakdown and consequent onset of wrinkle formation. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are produced by the body to maintain structural integrity in tissues and to maintain fluid balance. Hyaluronic acid is a type of GAG that promotes collagen synthesis, repair, and hydration. GAGs serve as a natural moisturizer and lubricant between epidermal cells to inhibit the production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs).

Dermal fillers are injectable products frequently used to correct wrinkles, and other depressions in the skin. They are often a kind of soft tissue designed to enable injection into the skin for purposes of improving the appearance. The most common products are based on hyaluronic acid and calcium hydroxylapatite.

Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. Botox is a specific form of botulinum toxin manufactured by Allergan for both therapeutic and cosmetic use. Besides its cosmetic application, Botox is used in the treatment of other conditions including migraine headache and cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) (a neuromuscular disorder involving the head and neck).[23]

Dysport, manufactured by Ipsen, received FDA approval and is now used to treat cervical dystonia as well as glabellar lines in adults. In 2010, another form of botulinum toxin, one free of complexing proteins, became available to Americans. Xeomin received FDA approval for medical indications in 2010 and cosmetic indications in 2011.

Botulinum toxin treats wrinkles by immobilizing the muscles which cause wrinkles. It is not appropriate for the treatment of all wrinkles; it is indicated for the treatment of glabellar lines (between the eyebrows) in adults. Any other usage is not approved by the FDA and is considered off-label use.

Laser resurfacing is FDA-cleared skin resurfacing procedure in which lasers are used to improve the condition of the skin.[citation needed] Two types of lasers are used to reduce the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles on the face; laser ablation, which removes thin layers of skin, and nonablative lasers that stimulate collagen production. Nonablative lasers are less effective than ablative ones but they are less invasive and recovery time is short. After the procedure people experience temporary redness, itching and swelling.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Danby, FW (Jul–Aug 2010). "Nutrition and aging skin: sugar and glycation". Clin Dermatol. 4. 28 (4): 409–411. doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2010.03.018. PMID 20620757.
  2. ^ American Academy of Dermatology. "Causes of Aging". AgingSkinNet. American Academy of Dermatology. Retrieved 5 March 2013.
  3. ^ Cosmetic Procedures for Wrinkles
  4. ^ Anderson, Laurence. 2006. Looking Good, the Australian guide to skin care, cosmetic medicine and cosmetic surgery. AMPCo. Sydney. ISBN 0-85557-044-X.
  5. ^ Schagen, S. K.; Zampeli, V. A.; Makrantonaki, E.; Zouboulis, C. C. (2012). "Discovering the link between nutrition and skin aging". Dermato-Endocrinology. 4 (3): 298–307. doi:10.4161/derm.22876. PMC 3583891. PMID 23467449.
  6. ^ Wang, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas; Wunderlin, Arne; Mahadeva, Ravi (2009). "Aging as a consequence of Misrepair—a novel theory of aging". arXiv:0904.0575 [q-bio.TO].
  7. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Aging as a process of accumulation of Misrepairs". arXiv:1503.07163 [q-bio.TO].
  8. ^ Wang-Michelitsch, Jicun; Michelitsch, Thomas (2015). "Tissue fibrosis: a principal evidence for the central role of Misrepairs in aging". arXiv:1505.01376 [q-bio.TO].
  9. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  10. ^ Fulton, James E.; Gaminchi, F. (1999). "Sleep Lines". Dermatol Surg. 25 (1): 59–62. doi:10.1046/j.1524-4725.1999.08073.x. PMID 9935097.
  11. ^ Sarifakioglu, Nedim; Terzioglu, A.; Ates, L.; Aslan, G. (2004). "A New Phenomenon: 'Sleep Lines' on the Face". Scan J Plast Reconstr Surg Hand Surg. 38 (4): 244–247 [246]. doi:10.1080/02844310410027257. PMID 15370809. S2CID 25307487.
  12. ^ Mark Changizi; Romann Weber; Ritesh Kotecha; Joseph Palazzo (2011). "Are Wet-Induced Wrinkled Fingers Primate Rain Treads?". Brain, Behavior and Evolution. 77 (4): 286–90. doi:10.1159/000328223. PMID 21701145.
  13. ^ Kareklas, Kyriacos; Nettle, Daniel; Smulders, Tom V (January 9, 2013). "Water-induced finger wrinkles improve handling of wet objects". Biol. Lett. 9 (2): 20120999. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0999. PMC 3639753. PMID 23302867.
  14. ^ Haseleu, Julia; Omerbašić, Damir; Frenzel, Henning; Gross, Manfred; Lewin, Gary R. (2014). Goldreich, Daniel (ed.). "Water-Induced Finger Wrinkles Do Not Affect Touch Acuity or Dexterity in Handling Wet Objects". PLOS ONE. 9 (1): e84949. Bibcode:2014PLoSO...984949H. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0084949. PMC 3885627. PMID 24416318.
  15. ^ Davis, N. (8 November 2020). "Water-immersion finger-wrinkling improves grip efficiency in handling wet objects". bioRxiv 10.1101/2020.11.07.372631.
  16. ^ "Dr Karl's Homework – Skin Wrinkles in Water (26/1/2000)". Abc.net.au. 2000-01-26. Retrieved 2019-04-30.
  17. ^ Einar P.V. Wilder-Smith; Adeline Chow (2003). "Water-immersion wrinkeling is due to vasoconstriction". Muscle & Nerve. 27 (3): 307–311. doi:10.1002/mus.10323. PMID 12635117. S2CID 45193684.
  18. ^ Einar P. V. Wilder-Smith (2004). "Water immersion wrinkling". Clinical Autonomic Research. 14 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1007/s10286-004-0172-4. PMID 15095056. S2CID 44938772.
  19. ^ H. Zhai, K.P. Whilem H. L. Maibach (2007). Dermatotoxicology. pp. 280–281.
  20. ^ G Alvarez, J Eurolo; P Canales (1980). "Finger wrinkling after immersion in water". British Medical Journal. 281 (6240): 586–587. doi:10.1136/bmj.281.6240.586-a. PMC 1713922. PMID 7427379.
  21. ^ The Dog Encyclopedia: The Definitive Visual Guide. Penguin. 15 August 2023. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-7440-8513-6.
  22. ^ Stefanaki C, Stratigos A, Katsambas A (June 2005). "Topical retinoids in the treatment of photoaging". J Cosmet Dermatol. 4 (2): 130–4. doi:10.1111/j.1473-2165.2005.40215.x. PMID 17166212. S2CID 44702740.
  23. ^ Brin MF, Lew MF, Adler CH, Comella CL, Factor SA, Jankovic J, O'Brien C, Murray JJ, Wallace JD, Willmer-Hulme A, Koller M (1999). "Safety and efficacy of NeuroBloc (botulinum toxin type B) in type A-resistant cervical dystonia". Neurology. 53 (7): 1431–8. doi:10.1212/WNL.53.7.1431. PMID 10534247.
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Frequently Asked Questions

We've found that a typical Botox session lasts about 30 minutes. During the procedure, you'll receive a series of small injections. It's quick, with minimal discomfort, and you can expect to see results within days.

We've found that in comparing cosmetic Botox to other anti-aging treatments, it often provides a more cost-effective solution with longer-lasting results, making it a superb choice for those seeking to maintain a youthful appearance.

We're curious about the qualifications of the professionals who administer Botox at this clinic and how they stay current with new techniques and safety measures. It's important to us that they're highly trained and knowledgeable.