Luxury Shuttle Service Vancouver

Luxury Shuttle Service Vancouver

Passenger bus rental

Then there's the Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), which automatically adjusts your speed to maintain a safe distance from the vehicle in front, making highway travel both safer and more relaxing for you. Learn more about Star Coach here. With Star Coach Bus Rentals, you're not just booking a trip; you're crafting an experience tailored just for you and your group. With our executive fleet, you have the flexibility to customize your travel itinerary. Learn more about Luxury Shuttle Service Vancouver here You'll find plush seating that ensures you're relaxed, whether you're on a short trip or a long haul across scenic routes.
From the moment you reach out for a booking, you're met with a team eager to tailor every detail to your preferences. They're constantly updating their practices to ensure they're as environmentally friendly as possible, from reducing paper use through digital bookings and communications to implementing efficient driving routes that cut down on fuel consumption. Star Coach maintains the highest standards of hygiene, with thorough cleaning and sanitization protocols in place before and after every trip.
While signature amenities enhance your journey, the comfort and space provided by our luxury buses ensure a truly relaxing travel experience.

Vancouver BC

  1. Passenger bus rental
  2. Private bus rental
  3. Minibus rental
  4. Bus for hire
  5. Group tour bus
  6. Transport charter
  7. Vancouver BC
  8. Party bus
  9. Luxury transportation
  10. Vancouver region
  11. Bus provider
  12. Sightseeing bus
  13. Casino shuttle
  14. Downtown Vancouver
  15. Greater Vancouver
  16. Shuttle service
  17. Metro Vancouver
  18. Bus fleet
Whether you're traveling for business or pleasure, the spacious interiors of the Prevost H3-45 ensure that your journey is as comfortable as the destination itself. It's all about making your Vancouver adventure as memorable and personal as possible.
Imagine gliding through the bustling city streets or the serene landscapes surrounding this urban oasis, all while enveloped in the lap of luxury. They've also embraced renewable energy sources where possible, further reducing their ecological impact. And, let's not forget the climate control system, which maintains an ideal temperature, ensuring you're comfortable no matter the season.

For weddings, a luxury bus can transport your guests together, ensuring everyone arrives on time and in high spirits. Moreover, opting for bus rental for your event not only adds a touch of class but also ensures everyone's safety, as you won't have to fret about guests driving after celebrating. Metro Vancouver And don't worry about getting hungry or thirsty along the way; the onboard snack and beverage service has got you covered, offering a selection of refreshments to keep you satisfied. With a luxury bus, you're not bound by the typical constraints of public transport. Vancouver region

Want to make a last-minute stop or adjust your route? They've set the bar high, integrating advanced safety measures and rigorous maintenance protocols to give you peace of mind.

Downtown Vancouver

  • Bus transportation
  • Sport team transportation
  • Long-distance bus
  • Affordable bus rental
  • Lower Mainland BC
  • Bus rental for tours
  • Custom bus rental
  • Licensed bus operators
  • British Columbia
  • School bus rental
  • Bus leasing
  • Travel coach
  • Tour transportation
  • Safe bus rental
  • Bus services
  • Vancouver area
  • Airport transfer
  • Event transportation
Each seat is equipped with personal charging stations, ensuring your devices stay powered up while you're on the move.

Their user-friendly website allows you to select your preferred travel dates, bus size, and any additional amenities with just a few clicks. You'll discover hidden gems and iconic landmarks alike, all while enjoying amenities that cater to your every need. You'll notice the attention to detail, from the polished chrome accents to the tinted windows that offer both privacy and a touch of mystery.

Plus, if you have any questions or need to tailor your rental to specific requirements, Star Coach's customer support is just a call or an email away, ready to assist you with efficiency and friendliness. She booked a trip for her wedding party and was moved by the extra touches our team added. 'They made us feel so special, adding to the joy of our big day,' she said. That's exactly what you get with the H3-45.

Deluxe Bus Rental Vancouver

Vancouver is a major city in Western Canada, located in the Lower Mainland region of British Columbia. As the most populous city in the province, the 2021 Canadian census recorded 662,248 people in the city, up from 631,486 in 2016. The Metro Vancouver area had a population of 2.6 million in 2021, making it the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada. Greater Vancouver, along with the Fraser Valley, comprises the Lower Mainland with a regional population of over 3 million. Vancouver has the highest population density in Canada, with over 5,700 inhabitants per square kilometre (15,000/sq mi), and the fourth highest in North America (after New York City, San Francisco, and Mexico City).

Citations and other links

Luxury Chauffeured Coach Vancouver

Clients often rave about the seamless booking process, highlighting how easy and stress-free it makes organizing group travel. Each bus in their fleet undergoes regular, comprehensive inspections and maintenance. Whether you're marveling at the panoramic views from the Vancouver Lookout or wandering through the vibrant markets of Granville Island, they're there to ensure you capture the essence of Vancouver. Shuttle service It's like stepping into a private retreat where the hustle and bustle of the outside world fades away. This is where Star Coach steps in, redefining bus rental in the city with its luxury Prevost H3-45 coaches.
That's exactly where Star Coach shines. Moreover, we're constantly updating our safety measures in line with the latest health guidelines, including enhanced cleaning procedures to protect against Covid-19. Looking for a bespoke travel plan? We actively seek out your opinions and suggestions to continuously improve our services.
You'll find their staff to be not just responsive but proactive, anticipating your needs before they even arise. Read more about Luxury Shuttle Service Vancouver here The result is a serene, almost Zen-like atmosphere, where you can read, sleep, or work in peace.

Greater Vancouver

  • Downtown Vancouver
  • Greater Vancouver
  • Shuttle service
  • Metro Vancouver
  • Bus fleet
  • Bus line
  • Bus hire
  • Wedding bus rental
  • Comfortable bus rental
  • Charter transportation
  • Executive bus charter
  • Transport services
  • City tour bus
  • Festival shuttle
  • Charter vehicle
Your satisfaction drives us. In Vancouver, where every moment counts, the Prevost H3-45 ensures luxury and convenience are always part of your journey.
As we unpack the strategic route planning, competitive pricing models, and their commitment to sustainable travel, you'll discover how Star Coach is reshaping luxury travel in Vancouver. Want to spend a little longer soaking in the sights at a particular spot? This personalized approach guarantees that your Vancouver exploration is nothing short of extraordinary.

Greater Vancouver

  • Affordable bus rental
  • Lower Mainland BC
  • Bus rental for tours
  • Custom bus rental
  • Licensed bus operators
  • British Columbia
  • School bus rental
  • Bus leasing
  • Travel coach
  • Tour transportation
  • Safe bus rental
  • Bus services
  • Vancouver area
  • Airport transfer
  • Event transportation
  • Bus charter
  • Event shuttles
  • Convention transport
  • Team travel
  • Senior group travel
From brakes to engines, nothing's left to chance.

Luxury Chauffeured Coach Vancouver
Elite VIP Bus Service Vancouver

Elite VIP Bus Service Vancouver

They understand that each wedding is unique and that's why they offer customizable options to fit your specific needs and theme. Star Coach's luxury fleet stands out in Vancouver, offering you unparalleled comfort and style for your travels. Imagine not worrying about navigating through traffic or finding parking in the bustling city. The climate control ensures the environment is always to your liking, whether you're cooling down on a hot summer day or warming up during the chill of winter.

Beyond ensuring your safety and comfort, Star Coach's commitment extends to providing unparalleled customer service, ensuring your experience is seamless from start to finish. We understand that every journey is unique, and that's why we tailor our services to meet your specific needs. Whether you're organizing a corporate event, planning a family reunion, or setting up a tour for a group of friends, they've got you covered.

Dive into multiplayer games that you can enjoy with fellow passengers, turning travel time into playtime. Beyond their driving capabilities, Star Coach's staff are well-versed in handling logistics and customer relations. It's this combination of diverse options and an accommodating approach that ensures Star Coach meets any requirement with unparalleled service.

Our experienced drivers and staff are attentive to your needs, ready to adjust routes for scenic detours or to accommodate last-minute changes. You'll notice that Star Coach's pricing model is transparent, with no hidden fees or unexpected charges. With Star Coach, you're not just booking a luxury bus ride; you're choosing a safe, reliable, and worry-free travel experience.

Minibus rental

  • Transport charter
  • Vancouver BC
  • Party bus
  • Luxury transportation
  • Vancouver region
  • Bus provider
  • Sightseeing bus
  • Casino shuttle
  • Downtown Vancouver
  • Greater Vancouver
  • Shuttle service
  • Metro Vancouver
  • Bus fleet
  • Bus line
  • Bus hire
  • Wedding bus rental
  • Comfortable bus rental




Party bus

  • Bus travel
  • Bus packages
  • Mini coach rental
  • Hourly bus rental
  • Corporate bus rental
  • Luxury bus rental
  • Private group transport
  • Bus excursion
  • Motor coach rental
  • Crew shuttle
  • Coach hire
  • Charter shuttle service
  • Luxury transportation
  • Vancouver region
  • Bus provider
  • Sightseeing bus
  • Casino shuttle

First-Class Bus Hire Vancouver

This means you can plan your expenses accurately, without any surprises down the line. Choosing Star Coach means you're opting for not just a ride, but a premium service that elevates group travel to a new standard. By opting for Star Coach, you're choosing buses that are designed with the latest eco-friendly technologies.

Greater Vancouver

  • Bus services
  • Vancouver area
  • Airport transfer
  • Event transportation
  • Bus charter
  • Event shuttles
  • Convention transport
  • Team travel
  • Senior group travel
  • Bus travel
  • Bus packages
  • Mini coach rental
  • Hourly bus rental
  • Corporate bus rental
  • Luxury bus rental
  • Private group transport
  • Bus excursion
Once you've submitted the form, a Star Coach representative will get in touch with you to discuss your needs further.

Their commitment extends beyond the vehicles themselves to include the drivers. Casino shuttle Picture this: you're gliding through the streets of Vancouver, ensconced in comfort that rivals a first-class flight. Plush seating, ambient lighting, and a spacious layout invite you to relax and enjoy the ride.

You'll find more legroom than you'd expect, allowing you to stretch out and enjoy the ride without feeling cramped. You'll find that the fleet is meticulously curated to suit various group sizes and preferences. Highly recommend Star Coach for any group looking to travel in comfort.'These testimonials highlight the satisfaction and high regard clients have for Star Coach.

Greater Vancouver

  • Motor coach rental
  • Crew shuttle
  • Coach hire
  • Charter shuttle service
  • Casino shuttle
  • Downtown Vancouver
  • Greater Vancouver
  • Shuttle service
  • Metro Vancouver
  • Bus fleet
  • Bus line
  • Bus hire
  • Wedding bus rental
  • Comfortable bus rental
  • Charter transportation
  • Executive bus charter
  • Transport services
  • City tour bus
  • Festival shuttle
  • Charter vehicle


Star Coach's system is designed to provide you with an instant quote, ensuring transparency and avoiding any unpleasant surprises. With this level of personalization, you're guaranteed an unparalleled travel experience in Vancouver. They know that budget plays a crucial role in planning any event or corporate travel.



Group tour bus

  • Bus charter
  • Event shuttles
  • Convention transport
  • Team travel
  • Senior group travel
  • Bus travel
  • Bus packages
  • Mini coach rental
  • Hourly bus rental
  • Corporate bus rental
  • Luxury bus rental
  • Private group transport
  • Bus excursion
  • Motor coach rental
  • Crew shuttle
  • Coach hire
  • Charter shuttle service
First-Class Bus Hire Vancouver
Vancouver Charter Buses
Vancouver Charter Buses

You're not just getting from point A to point B; you're part of a larger effort to protect the environment for future generations. Once you've designed your ideal travel package, booking your luxury bus experience in Vancouver is the next step to making it a reality. Building on their commitment to tailored travel experiences, Star Coach's exceptional customer service ensures your journey is seamless and personalized every step of the way. With a fleet of well-maintained and comfortable buses, they make sure that your journey is as smooth as possible.

You won't have to worry about the technicalities; they've got it covered with a team of expert mechanics and technicians dedicated to keeping the wheels smoothly turning and the ride safe. From the gleaming exteriors to the plush, well-appointed interiors, it's clear they've paid attention to every detail. Instead, you and your group can sit back, relax in plush seats, and soak in the scenic views of Vancouver's landscapes.

Each package is designed to offer flexibility, allowing you to adjust your itinerary based on what's most important to your group. It's truly luxury on wheels. In a world where the word 'luxury' is often thrown around like confetti at a parade, Star Coach has managed to genuinely elevate group travel across Vancouver, making the usual cramped, dreary bus rides a relic of the past.

We also understand that flexibility is key to a luxury travel experience. While you're customizing your luxury bus rental to perfectly match your group's needs, you'll also find that Star Coach offers competitive pricing that ensures you get exceptional value for your budget.

Vancouver region

  • Charter transportation
  • Executive bus charter
  • Transport services
  • City tour bus
  • Festival shuttle
  • Charter vehicle
  • Vancouver city
  • Tour bus rental
  • Downtown bus rental
  • Vancouver
  • Bus driver service
  • Community bus service
  • Bus transportation
  • Sport team transportation
  • Long-distance bus
You're not just picking a mode of transport; you're crafting an entire journey that's bespoke to your group's requirements.

Luxury Group Bus Transportation Vancouver

Plus, with transparent quotes, you're kept in the loop. They're trained to navigate Vancouver's streets with precision, ensuring your journey isn't only comfortable but safe. Their attention to detail is unmatched, from the choice of onboard entertainment to the professionalism of their drivers. Here, comfort meets luxury, transforming every journey into a memorable part of your Vancouver adventure.
The plush seating is more than just a place to sit-it's your ticket to relaxation, with reclining features and ample legroom. That's why every driver in their team isn't just experienced; they're also thoroughly vetted and trained in advanced safety protocols. If you're looking to unwind, take advantage of the onboard entertainment system, complete with a selection of movies, music, and games. Downtown Vancouver
With your customized travel plan in place, booking your trip with Star Coach Bus Rentals is an effortless process. Greater Vancouver It's also about consistently delivering high-quality service, maintaining their fleet to avoid breakdowns, and being prepared for any situation that might arise. On the other hand, their minibuses are perfect for navigating the city's bustling streets, offering easy access to all the sights and sounds without the hassle of parking large vehicles.
With Star Coach, you're not just getting from point A to point B; you're treated to a premium travel experience that elevates your journey. With these exclusive onboard amenities, you'll arrive at your destination feeling refreshed and pampered. Private bus rental Booking your luxury bus rental in Vancouver has never been easier or more tailored to your preferences.

Explore Luxury Shuttle Service Vancouver here
Luxury Group Bus Transportation Vancouver
1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

[edit]
The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

[edit]

Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

[edit]

The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

[edit]
Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

[edit]

A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
[edit]
  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

An example of a charter (Magna Carta).

A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.

Other usages

[edit]

The term is used for a special case (or as an exception) of an institutional charter. A charter school, for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from a state school.

Charter can be used as a synonym for "hire" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a bus, boat or plane.[1]

A charter member (US English) of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter.[2] A chartered member (British English) is a member who holds an individual chartered designation authorized under that organization's royal charter.[3][4]

Different types of charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters

[edit]

Anglo-Saxon charters (also called diplomas) are documents drawn up between the seventh century and 1066 in Britain, which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment, in Latin. Around 200 survive in their original form, and many of the others have been altered or forged. The oldest surviving charters granted land and privileges to the church, but from the 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people.[5]

Colony charter

[edit]

The British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies, and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the British crown."[6] Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant.

Congressional charter

[edit]

A Congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code.

Corporate charter

[edit]

A corporate charter is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada.

Inspeximus charter

[edit]

A charter of "Inspeximus" (Latin, literally "We have inspected") is frequently a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation (such as a monastery or a guild) was recited and incorporated into a new charter, usually in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where the original documents are lost, an inspeximus charter may sometimes preserve their texts and lists of witnesses.

Municipal charter

[edit]
Swedish-language charter for the city of Viborg from 1403

A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter, a term used because municipal power was historically granted by the sovereign, by royal charter.

Order charter

[edit]

Charters may establish or govern the operation of chivalric orders and other orders, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Project charter

[edit]

In project management, a project charter (sometimes called the terms of reference) is provided by the sponsor to formally authorize the existence of a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project purpose and objectives, identifies key stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for future planning of the project. The project scope is developed from the project charter.

Royal charter

[edit]

A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but since the 14th century have only been used in place of private acts to grant a right or power to an individual or a body corporate.[7][8][9] They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as boroughs (with municipal charters), universities and learned societies, and were used historically to establish companies.

The Charter of 1814, France's constitution during the Bourbon Restoration, was thus called to promote the legal fiction that the King had granted it "voluntarily, and by the free exercise of [his] royal authority", in the manner of medieval charters.

At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for limited companies) are generally now used instead.

University charter

[edit]

A university charter is a charter issued to create or recognise a university. The form of charter used varies by period and jurisdiction.[10]

Uprising charter

[edit]

In the context of a political uprising, a charter might lay out the basic principles and goals of the movement, define the organizational structure of the movement, and describe the roles and responsibilities of its members.[11]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "charter". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 2. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  2. ^ "charter member". Lexico. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  3. ^ "chartered". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 1.1. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Royal Charters". Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  5. ^ Keynes, Simon (2014). "Charters and Writs". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7.
  6. ^ charter colony - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  7. ^ "Charter". The Supplement to the Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Vol. 1. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 1845. pp. 331–332. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  8. ^ "Magna Carta 1215". British Library. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  9. ^ Peter Crooks (July 2015). "Exporting Magna Carta: exclusionary liberties in Ireland and the world". History Ireland. 23 (4). Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  10. ^ Phyllis Riddle (Spring 1993). "Political Authority and University Formation in Europe, 1200-1800". Sociological Perspectives. 36 (1). SAGE Publications: 49–50. doi:10.2307/1389441. JSTOR 1389441. S2CID 143493887.
  11. ^ Political Documents - Iranian Scholars for Liberty

Further reading

[edit]
[edit]
  • Media related to Charters at Wikimedia Commons
  • The dictionary definition of charter at Wiktionary

 

1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

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The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

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Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

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The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

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Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

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A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
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  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

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