Vancouver Shuttle Services

Vancouver Shuttle Services

Wedding bus rental

Imagine the elegance and sophistication as your loved ones board a luxury Prevost H3-45 coach, designed not just for travel but for an exceptional experience. Learn more about Vancouver Charter Buses by Star Coach here. These buses aren't just a way to get from point A to B; they're a space where convenience meets luxury, transforming your travel into an experience worth remembering.

Metro Vancouver

  • Vancouver BC
  • Crew shuttle
  • Sightseeing bus
  • Bus hire
  • Tour transportation
  • Bus excursion
  • City tour bus
  • Motor coach rental
  • Bus rental for tours
  • Affordable bus rental
  • Lower Mainland BC
  • Hourly bus rental
  • Bus services
  • Vancouver area
  • Event shuttles
  • Bus provider
  • Luxury transportation
  • Corporate bus rental
  • Bus fleet
But that's not all. To secure your booking, a deposit is required, with the balance due closer to your departure date. Learn more about Vancouver Shuttle Services here
But the question remains: does this upscale approach to group transport genuinely enhance the overall appeal of Vancouver as a travel destination? They understand that time is of the essence, whether you're heading to a corporate event, a wedding, or a group tour. Imagine gliding through the bustling streets of downtown Vancouver, where every corner offers a new discovery, in the comfort and style of a Star Coach bus.
Our commitment to exceptional customer service sets us apart, ensuring your satisfaction from the moment you book with us. The seats, plush and ergonomically designed, invite you to sink in and unwind as the city's views glide by. And let's not forget the convenience of onboard restrooms.
You're saying yes to cutting-edge, environmentally friendly travel. Star Coach makes this process straightforward and hassle-free.

Group tour bus

  1. Bus for hire
  2. Casino shuttle
  3. Licensed bus operators
  4. Bus travel
  5. Metro Vancouver
  6. Community bus service
  7. Event transportation
  8. Transport services
  9. Bus packages
  10. British Columbia
  11. Sport team transportation
  12. Group tour bus
  13. Long-distance bus
  14. Luxury bus rental
  15. Vancouver region
  16. Charter shuttle service
  17. Mini coach rental
  18. Senior group travel
  19. Coach hire
  20. Shuttle service
You're not just limited to choosing destinations; you can also select onboard amenities and services to enhance your experience.

A complimentary service offers a selection of gourmet snacks and beverages, ensuring you stay refreshed throughout your journey. Victoria itself, with its charming downtown and beautiful Butchart Gardens, becomes even more accessible and enjoyable. As you explore their offerings, you'll find that sustainability isn't just a buzzword for them; it's woven into the fabric of their business model.

Casino shuttle

  • Private bus rental
  • Downtown bus rental
  • Tour bus rental
  • Team travel
  • Bus transportation
  • Bus for hire
  • Casino shuttle
  • Licensed bus operators
  • Bus travel
  • Metro Vancouver
  • Community bus service
  • Event transportation
  • Transport services
  • Bus packages
  • British Columbia
  • Sport team transportation
  • Group tour bus
  • Long-distance bus
  • Luxury bus rental
  • Vancouver region
Recognizing that every journey is unique, we customize your travel experience to match your specific preferences and desires. They've set a new standard for group travel!'John, who organized a family reunion, shares, 'The booking was hassle-free, and the ride was so comfortable that even our oldest family members were impressed. British Columbia

And for those who thirst for adventure, the outskirts offer unparalleled natural beauty, just a comfortable drive away. They've set the bar high, integrating advanced safety measures and rigorous maintenance protocols to give you peace of mind. Hear what travelers say about their experiences with Star Coach Bus Rentals, showcasing the impact of choosing eco-friendly transportation in Vancouver. Star Coach's luxury bus services cater to a wide range of events, ensuring your transportation needs are seamlessly covered, no matter the occasion.

It's yours. Each vehicle in their fleet is meticulously maintained, boasting features that cater to both comfort and safety. Transport services You're not just getting from point A to point B; you're part of a larger effort to protect the environment for future generations. They're constantly updating their practices to ensure they're as environmentally friendly as possible, from reducing paper use through digital bookings and communications to implementing efficient driving routes that cut down on fuel consumption.

Whether you're planning a wedding, corporate event, school trip, or a special night out with friends, their fleet of high-end buses can accommodate your group with unparalleled elegance. Whether it's arranging for exclusive entry to attractions, recommending hidden gems in Vancouver, or ensuring that your onboard experience is nothing short of luxurious, we're committed to delivering a service that exceeds your expectations. Our state-of-the-art buses utilize the latest in eco-technology, significantly reducing emissions compared to traditional travel methods. While customizing your luxury experience, it's crucial to emphasize that your safety and comfort always come first with Star Coach.

Eco-Friendly Charter Buses Vancouver

Indigenous settlement of Vancouver began more than 10,000 years ago and included the Squamish, Musqueam, and Tsleil-Waututh (Burrard) peoples. The beginnings of the modern city, which was originally named Gastown, grew around the site of a makeshift tavern on the western edges of Hastings Mill that was built on July 1, 1867, and owned by proprietor Gassy Jack. The Gastown steam clock marks the original site. Gastown then formally registered as a townsite dubbed Granville, Burrard Inlet. The city was renamed "Vancouver" in 1886 through a deal with the Canadian Pacific Railway. The Canadian Pacific transcontinental railway was extended to the city by 1887. The city's large natural seaport on the Pacific Ocean became a vital link in the trade between Asia-Pacific, East Asia, Europe, and Eastern Canada.

Citations and other links

Private Group Coach Vancouver

You'll find their staff to be not just responsive but proactive, anticipating your needs before they even arise. They're trained to handle any queries with the utmost professionalism and warmth, making you feel valued and understood. Building on their commitment to tailored travel experiences, Star Coach's exceptional customer service ensures your journey is seamless and personalized every step of the way. Imagine sipping on champagne, reclined in plush seating, while the city lights glide by.

Their commitment to customer satisfaction doesn't go unnoticed. Licensed bus operators With Star Coach, you're not just renting a bus; you're crafting an experience. Furthermore, the coach is fitted with a Lane Departure Warning System (LDWS), alerting you if you're unintentionally drifting out of your lane. Tour bus rental

They've implemented a strict adherence to safety protocols, including regular safety drills and the availability of first aid kits on every bus. Whether you're planning a corporate event, a sightseeing tour, or a special celebration, Star Coach has a range of luxurious buses to fit your needs. Imagine settling into plush, reclining seats, with ample legroom to stretch out during your journey.

The luxury and reliability they offer are unmatched.'Mark, who booked a tour for his photography club, says, 'The panoramic windows and spacious seating on the bus made our photo journey through Vancouver incredibly enjoyable. When you book with Star Coach, you're not just renting a bus; you're securing a stress-free experience. Group tour bus You won't have to worry about the technicalities; they've got it covered with a team of expert mechanics and technicians dedicated to keeping the wheels smoothly turning and the ride safe.

Private Group Coach Vancouver
Private Luxury Charter Bus Vancouver

Private Luxury Charter Bus Vancouver

We believe in the power of sustainable travel and are dedicated to implementing eco-friendly practices across our operations. So, when you're ready to explore Vancouver in style, remember that our executive fleet is here to transform your city tour into a luxurious adventure.

Transport services

  • Wedding bus rental
If you're satisfied, you can proceed to confirm your booking online. With them, you're not just booking a ride; you're crafting a personalized adventure. Safety is a recurring theme in these testimonials.

You can rest assured knowing that the bus you're boarding is in top-notch condition. It's a conscious choice to support the planet while providing top-notch service. That's why they've introduced a variety of packages that cater to different budgets and requirements. You're no longer limited to the traditional, cramped modes of transportation for your team's travel needs.

Prioritizing your peace of mind, Star Coach Bus Rentals implements rigorous safety and security measures for every journey. Imagine gliding through the bustling streets and serene landscapes of this coastal city, all while ensconced in unparalleled comfort. No problem. It's a hassle-free experience from start to finish, perfectly aligning with the high standards of service they're known for.

Each bus undergoes rigorous maintenance and safety checks before hitting the road, ensuring that every component is in perfect working order. We're committed to providing a seamless booking experience, mirroring the exceptional quality of travel you can expect with us. Bus for hire You've probably heard the theory that luxury transportation can significantly elevate a city's tourism experience, but have you ever wondered just how much of an impact it truly has? After customizing your travel experience with Star Coach, you'll find their booking process to be equally straightforward and user-friendly.



Sport team transportation

  1. Greater Vancouver
  2. Party bus
  3. Safe bus rental
  4. Custom bus rental
  5. Downtown Vancouver
  6. Convention transport
  7. Licensed bus operators
  8. Bus travel
  9. Metro Vancouver
  10. Community bus service
  11. Event transportation
  12. Transport services
  13. Bus packages
  14. British Columbia
  15. Sport team transportation
  16. Group tour bus
  17. Long-distance bus
  18. Luxury bus rental
  19. Vancouver region

Corporate VIP Bus Service Vancouver

This holistic approach to eco-friendly practices makes Star Coach stand out in the luxury transportation sector. Dive into multiplayer games that you can enjoy with fellow passengers, turning travel time into playtime. Understanding Star Coach Bus Rentals' competitive pricing models is key to recognizing the value they offer for any group transportation need. Choosing our luxury bus rentals means prioritizing your comfort and space, transforming your group travel experience from merely functional to genuinely enjoyable. We'll work closely with you to bring your vision to life, down to the finest detail.

It's not just a bus ride; it's a luxury experience that redefines what bus travel can be in Vancouver. Downtown bus rental You can choose from several secure payment options, all designed to give you peace of mind. Metro Vancouver Need a tour guide to provide insights during your journey? Moreover, you'll appreciate the peace of mind that comes with professional, courteous drivers who navigate the city with ease.

From the moment you book until you reach your destination, Star Coach's experienced drivers and staff are committed to providing a level of service that goes beyond just transportation. The plush seating invites you to sink in and relax, each chair designed to cradle you in unparalleled comfort during your journey. Whether you're organizing a corporate event, planning a family reunion, or setting up a tour for a group of friends, they've got you covered. Once you're satisfied, confirming your booking is as easy as clicking a button or giving your confirmation over the phone.

However, Star Coach differentiates itself through a blend of unmatched luxury fleet options, tailored travel experiences, and exceptional customer service that genuinely stands apart. Choosing Star Coach's corporate travel packages means you're opting for reliability, flexibility, and comfort. For those longer journeys, onboard restrooms offer convenience and comfort, eliminating unnecessary stops along the way. You'll also find that each vehicle undergoes rigorous maintenance and safety checks before hitting the road, guaranteeing your ride isn't only comfortable but also dependable.



Downtown bus rental

  • Minibus rental
  • Wedding bus rental
  • Vancouver city
  • Passenger bus rental
  • School bus rental
  • Festival shuttle
  • Charter vehicle
  • Executive bus charter
  • Vancouver
  • Transport charter
  • Group transportation
  • Travel coach
  • Field trip bus
  • Bus driver service
  • Bus line
Corporate VIP Bus Service Vancouver
Vancouver Executive Bus Transportation
Vancouver Executive Bus Transportation

Choosing Star Coach means you're opting for not just a ride, but a premium service that elevates group travel to a new standard. Star Coach's team works meticulously to match the right vehicle and amenities to your specific occasion. Every seat feels like the best seat in the house, offering panoramic views of the city's stunning landscapes from the North Shore Mountains to the sparkling waters of English Bay. Picture a day spent hopping from one award-winning winery to another, savoring fine wines and local cuisine, without the hassle of driving. They're quick to respond, providing clear, concise information to help you make the best decision for your group.

You won't have to worry about timing either; their expert coordinators work closely with you to plan every detail, from pick-up times to the best routes, ensuring punctuality and a smooth ride. You'll find their commitment to comfort, style, and safety isn't just lip service; it's woven into the very fabric of their service. You'll find yourself surrounded by an environment that's both elegant and equipped to cater to your every need. Whether you're heading to Granville Island for some artisan shopping or to Stanley Park for a leisurely stroll among ancient cedars, we've got you covered.

It's a thoughtful touch that shows your guests how much you value their comfort and experience, making your big day even more unforgettable. Consider it done. Whether you're planning a corporate event, a wedding, or a scenic tour around Vancouver, Star Coach has a vehicle to match your needs. Community bus service For your comfort, climate control is at your fingertips, allowing you to adjust the temperature to your liking.

By opting for their services, you're not just getting from point A to B; you're actively participating in a movement towards a greener planet. You'll find the overhead compartments and underfloor storage areas surprisingly generous, allowing you to bring along everything you need without the usual hassle. In Vancouver's competitive bus rental market, Star Coach's fleet quality truly is unmatched. If you opt for the online route, you'll find a simple form to fill out.

Tour bus rental

  • Charter shuttle service
  • Mini coach rental
  • Senior group travel
  • Coach hire
  • Shuttle service
  • Bus leasing
  • Minibus rental
  • Wedding bus rental
  • Vancouver city
  • Passenger bus rental
  • School bus rental
  • Festival shuttle
  • Charter vehicle
  • Executive bus charter
  • Vancouver
  • Transport charter
  • Group transportation


Luxury Charter Shuttle Vancouver

Did you know that over 10 million tourists visit Vancouver each year, seeking not just the breathtaking landscapes and vibrant city life but also exceptional comfort and convenience in their travel? You won't have to settle for a one-size-fits-all approach. With Star Coach, you're not just booking a bus; you're ensuring a seamless, professional experience that reflects your company's commitment to quality and excellence. Explore Vancouver Shuttle Services here With its sleek exterior and spacious interior, you're in for a ride that combines the best of modern luxury with the reliability and safety you demand. They can do that.
This not only reduces emissions but also enhances the overall travel experience with smoother, quieter rides.

Downtown bus rental

  1. Corporate bus rental
  2. Bus fleet
  3. Private group transport
  4. Charter transportation
  5. Airport transfer
  6. Comfortable bus rental
  7. Greater Vancouver
  8. Party bus
  9. Safe bus rental
  10. Custom bus rental
  11. Downtown Vancouver
  12. Convention transport
  13. British Columbia
  14. Sport team transportation
  15. Group tour bus
  16. Long-distance bus
  17. Luxury bus rental
  18. Vancouver region
  19. Charter shuttle service
They've mastered the art of personal touch, customizing trips to meet your specific needs.

Long-distance bus

  1. Group transportation
  2. Travel coach
  3. Field trip bus
  4. Bus driver service
  5. Bus line
  6. Vancouver BC
  7. Crew shuttle
  8. Sightseeing bus
  9. Bus hire
  10. Tour transportation
  11. Bus excursion
  12. City tour bus
  13. Motor coach rental
  14. Bus rental for tours
  15. Affordable bus rental
She booked a trip for her wedding party and was moved by the extra touches our team added. 'They made us feel so special, adding to the joy of our big day,' she said. Beyond ensuring your journey is efficient with strategic route planning, we also offer competitive pricing models that fit your budget.
You're not just getting a ride; you're crafting an experience. They're not just transporting you; they're adding to the magic of your day. Imagine gliding through the vibrant streets, where every corner turned unveils a piece of the city's heart and history.

Bus charter

  • Bus leasing
  • Minibus rental
  • Wedding bus rental
  • Vancouver city
  • Passenger bus rental
  • School bus rental
  • Festival shuttle
  • Charter vehicle
  • Executive bus charter
  • Vancouver
  • Transport charter
  • Group transportation
  • Travel coach
  • Field trip bus
  • Bus driver service
  • Bus line
  • Vancouver BC
Read more about Vancouver Shuttle Services here This isn't just about having a place to put your suitcase; it's about creating an environment where you're free to unwind, work, or socialize without the constraints of tight spaces.
In today's environmentally conscious climate, you'll find that luxury bus rentals in Vancouver also offer eco-friendly travel options, ensuring your journey leaves a lighter footprint on our planet. Our maintenance team consists of certified professionals who specialize in keeping our buses in top condition.

Transport services

  1. Bus leasing
  2. Minibus rental
  3. Wedding bus rental
  4. Vancouver city
  5. Passenger bus rental
  6. School bus rental
  7. Festival shuttle
  8. Charter vehicle
  9. Executive bus charter
  10. Vancouver
  11. Transport charter
  12. Group transportation
  13. Travel coach
  14. Field trip bus
  15. Bus driver service
  16. Bus line
  17. Vancouver BC
  18. Crew shuttle
  19. Sightseeing bus
You're not just a passenger; you're a valued guest aboard a moving haven. Whether you're planning a short local outing or a long-distance adventure, they've got a pricing model that's fit for your budget.

Luxury Charter Shuttle Vancouver
1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

[edit]
The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

[edit]

Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

[edit]

The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

[edit]
Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

[edit]

A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
[edit]
  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

1908 Studebaker limousine with an open driver's compartment
1953 Rolls-Royce Phantom IV (coachwork by Hooper)

A limousine (/ˈlɪməziːn/ or /lɪməˈziːn/), or limo (/ˈlɪmoʊ/) for short,[1] is a large, chauffeur-driven luxury vehicle with a partition between the driver compartment and the passenger compartment which can be operated mechanically by hand or by a button electronically.[2] A luxury sedan with a very long wheelbase and driven by a professional driver is called a stretch limousine.[3]

In some countries, such as the United States, Germany, Canada, and Australia, a limousine service may be any pre-booked hire car with a driver, usually, but only sometimes a luxury car. In particular, airport shuttle services are often called "limousine services", though they often use minivans or light commercial vehicles.[2]

Etymology

[edit]
The type of limousine hood or roof described in the text (1912 Vauxhall)

The word limousine is derived from the name of the French region Limousin; however, how the area's name was transferred to the car is uncertain.

One possibility involves a particular type of carriage hood or roof that physically resembled the raised hood of the cloak worn by the shepherds there.[4][5]

An alternate etymology speculates that some early chauffeurs wore a Limousin-style cloak in the open driver's compartment for protection from the weather.[6] The name was then extended to this particular type of car with a permanent top projecting over the chauffeur.[4] This former type of automobile had an enclosed passenger compartment seating three to five persons, with only a roof projecting forward over the open driver's area in the front.[7]

History

[edit]

Wealthy owners of expensive carriages and their passengers were accustomed to their private compartments leaving their coachman or driver outside in all weathers. When automobiles arrived, the same people required a similar arrangement for their chauffeurs. As such, the 1916 definition of limousine by the US Society of Automobile Engineers is "a closed car seating three to five inside, with driver's seat outside".[8]

In Great Britain, the limousine de-ville was a version of the limousine town car where the driver's compartment was outside and had no weather protection.[9]: 103  The limousine-landaulet variant (also sold in the United States) had a removable or folding roof section over the rear passenger seat.[9]: 100 

In the United States, sub-categories of limousines in 1916 were the berline, defined as "a limousine having the driver's seat entirely enclosed", and the brougham, described as "a limousine with no roof over the driver's seat."[8]

The president of the United States has ridden in a variety of brands of state cars starting from 1899 when President William McKinley was the first to ride in a car, a steam Locomobile.[10][11][12]

U.S. limousine business declined in the 21st century due to the effects of the Great Recession, the subsequent rise of ride sharing apps, and an industry crisis precipitated by deadly stretch limousine crashes in 2015 and Schoharie, New York, in 2018. Moreover, during this time, people who would have once utilized limousines began opting to travel more discreetly in cars like black SUVs.[13]

Characteristics

[edit]

The limousine body style usually has a partition separating the driver from the rear passenger compartment.[6][9] This partition usually includes an openable glass section so passengers may see the road. Communication with the driver is possible either by opening the partition window or using an intercom system.

Limousines are often long-wheelbase vehicles to provide extra legroom in the passenger compartment. There will usually be occasional seats (in the U.S. called jump seats) at the front of the compartment (either forward-facing, rear-facing, or able to face either direction).

Many nations have official state cars designed to transport government officials. The top leaders have dedicated and specially equipped limousines. The United States Presidential State Car is the official car of the President of the United States.

Stretch limousines

[edit]
Lincoln Town Car stretch limousine

Stretch limousines are longer than regular limousines, usually to accommodate more passengers. Stretch limousines may have seating along the sides of the cabin.

A "stretch limousine" was created in Fort Smith, Arkansas, around 1928 by the Armbruster coach company. Their vehicles were primarily used to transport famous "big band" leaders, such as Glenn Miller and Benny Goodman, and their members and equipment. These early stretch limousines were often called "big band buses". Armbruster called their lengthened cars "extended-wheelbase multi-door auto-coaches". Their 12-passenger coaches were used by hotels, taxis, airlines, corporations, and tour companies.[14] Knock-down programs by automakers made coachbuilders stretch vehicles, but Armbruster also custom built limousines using unibody construction such as the 1969 AMC Ambassadors.[15]

As of 2023, stretch limousines comprise one percent of U.S. limousine company offerings. That total was down from about ten percent in 2013.[13]

Novelty limousines

[edit]

A variety of vehicles not designed as limousines have been converted into novelty limousines.[16] Another style of novelty limousine are those painted in bright colors, such as purple or pink.[17]

Vehicles converted into novelty stretch limousines include the East German Trabant, Volkswagen Beetle, Fiat Panda, and Citroën 2CV. There are instances of Corvettes, Ferraris, and Mini Coopers being stretched to accommodate up to 10 passengers.

[edit]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Garner, Bryan (July 28, 2009). Garner's Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199874620. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved August 2, 2020.
  2. ^ a b "Definition of limousine". merriam-webster.com. October 28, 2019. Archived from the original on September 20, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  3. ^ "Definition of Stretch Limo". merriam-webster.com. Archived from the original on July 2, 2020. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b Dyke, Andrew Lee (1920). Dyke's Automobile and Gasoline Engine Encyclopedia (Twelfth ed.). p. 582. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  5. ^ Ayto, John (2009). Word Origins. A&C Black Publishers. ISBN 978-1-4081-0160-5. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  6. ^ a b The Random House College Dictionary. Random House. 1975. p. 777. ISBN 0-394-43600-8. 1. an automobile having a permanently enclosed compartment for from three to five persons, the roof of which projects forward over the driver's seat in front...[< F, special use of limousine long cloak, so called because worn by the shepherds of Limousin, a former province in central France]
  7. ^ "Definition of limousine" (Complete & Unabridged Digital ed.). Collins English Dictionary. 2012. Archived from the original on April 17, 2019. Retrieved November 6, 2019.
  8. ^ a b "What's What in Automobile Bodies Officially Determined". The New York Times. August 20, 1916. Archived from the original on May 2, 2014. Retrieved June 27, 2015. Here it is, with other body types and distinctions, officially determined recently by the Nomenclature Division of the Society of Automobile Engineers
  9. ^ a b c Haajanen, Lennart W. (2003). Illustrated Dictionary of Automobile Body Styles. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. p. 96. ISBN 0-7864-1276-3. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved January 1, 2019.
  10. ^ Huffman, John Pearley (January 19, 2009). "The Top Presidential Limousines of All Time". Popular Mechanics. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  11. ^ DeWitt, Nancy (September 4, 2012). "Presidential Wheels". Fountainhead Antique Auto Museum. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  12. ^ "A Car Fit For A President". Grundy Insurance. February 25, 2017. Retrieved December 6, 2023.
  13. ^ a b Jiménez, Jesus (2023-04-28). "The Long Demise of the Stretch Limousine". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 2023-04-30. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
  14. ^ Theobald, Mark; DeWinter IV, Bernie (2004). "Armbruster & Company, Tom Armbruster, Ed Robben, Armbruster/Stageway, Fort Smith, Airport Limousine, Earnhart & Johansen". coachbuilt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  15. ^ Strohl, Daniel (23 September 2018). "1969 AMC Ambassador Limousine". Hemmings. Archived from the original on 28 December 2022. Retrieved 28 December 2022.
  16. ^ "Dave's Classic Limousines Pictures: Novelty Limousines". Archived from the original on July 12, 2015. Retrieved June 27, 2015.
  17. ^ Naylor, Sharon (2004). 1000 Best Wedding Bargains. Sourcebooks. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4022-0298-8. Retrieved June 27, 2015. novelty limousines.
[edit]
  • The dictionary definition of limousine at Wiktionary
  • Media related to Limousines at Wikimedia Commons

 

An example of a charter (Magna Carta).

A charter is the grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified. It is implicit that the granter retains superiority (or sovereignty), and that the recipient admits a limited (or inferior) status within the relationship, and it is within that sense that charters were historically granted, and it is that sense which is retained in modern usage of the term. In early medieval Britain, charters transferred land from donors to recipients.

The word entered the English language from the Old French charte, via Latin charta, and ultimately from Greek χάρτης (khartes, meaning "layer of papyrus"). It has come to be synonymous with a document that sets out a grant of rights or privileges.

Other usages

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The term is used for a special case (or as an exception) of an institutional charter. A charter school, for example, is one that has different rules, regulations, and statutes from a state school.

Charter can be used as a synonym for "hire" or "lease", as in the "charter" of a bus, boat or plane.[1]

A charter member (US English) of an organization is an original member; that is, one who became a member when the organization received its charter.[2] A chartered member (British English) is a member who holds an individual chartered designation authorized under that organization's royal charter.[3][4]

Different types of charters

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Anglo-Saxon charters

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Anglo-Saxon charters (also called diplomas) are documents drawn up between the seventh century and 1066 in Britain, which typically make a grant of land or record a privilege. They are usually written on parchment, in Latin. Around 200 survive in their original form, and many of the others have been altered or forged. The oldest surviving charters granted land and privileges to the church, but from the 8th century surviving charters were increasingly used to grant land to lay people.[5]

Colony charter

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The British Empire used three main types of colonies as it sought to expand its territory to distant parts of the earth. These three types were royal colonies, proprietary colonies, and corporate colonies. A charter colony by definition is a "colony chartered to an individual, trading company, etc., by the British crown."[6] Although charter colonies were not the most prevalent of the three types of colonies in the British Empire, they were by no means insignificant.

Congressional charter

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A Congressional charter is a law passed by the United States Congress that states the mission, authority, and activities of a group. Congress issued federal charters from 1791 until 1992 under Title 36 of the United States Code.

Corporate charter

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A corporate charter is a document or charter that establishes the existence of a corporation in the United States and Canada.

Inspeximus charter

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A charter of "Inspeximus" (Latin, literally "We have inspected") is frequently a royal charter, by which an earlier charter or series of charters relating to a particular foundation (such as a monastery or a guild) was recited and incorporated into a new charter, usually in order to confirm and renew its validity under present authority. Where the original documents are lost, an inspeximus charter may sometimes preserve their texts and lists of witnesses.

Municipal charter

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Swedish-language charter for the city of Viborg from 1403

A municipal corporation is the legal term for a local governing body, including (but not necessarily limited to) cities, counties, towns, townships, charter townships, villages, and boroughs. Municipal incorporation occurs when such municipalities become self-governing entities under the laws of the state or province in which they are located. Often, this event is marked by the award or declaration of a municipal charter, a term used because municipal power was historically granted by the sovereign, by royal charter.

Order charter

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Charters may establish or govern the operation of chivalric orders and other orders, such as the Sovereign Military Order of Malta.

Project charter

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In project management, a project charter (sometimes called the terms of reference) is provided by the sponsor to formally authorize the existence of a project. It provides a preliminary delineation of roles and responsibilities, outlines the project purpose and objectives, identifies key stakeholders, and defines the authority of the project manager. It serves as a reference of authority for future planning of the project. The project scope is developed from the project charter.

Royal charter

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A royal charter is a formal grant issued by a monarch under royal prerogative as letters patent. Historically, they have been used to promulgate public laws, the most famous example being the English Magna Carta (great charter) of 1215, but since the 14th century have only been used in place of private acts to grant a right or power to an individual or a body corporate.[7][8][9] They were, and are still, used to establish significant organisations such as boroughs (with municipal charters), universities and learned societies, and were used historically to establish companies.

The Charter of 1814, France's constitution during the Bourbon Restoration, was thus called to promote the legal fiction that the King had granted it "voluntarily, and by the free exercise of [his] royal authority", in the manner of medieval charters.

At one time a royal charter was the only way in which an incorporated body could be formed, but other means (such as the registration process for limited companies) are generally now used instead.

University charter

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A university charter is a charter issued to create or recognise a university. The form of charter used varies by period and jurisdiction.[10]

Uprising charter

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In the context of a political uprising, a charter might lay out the basic principles and goals of the movement, define the organizational structure of the movement, and describe the roles and responsibilities of its members.[11]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "charter". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 2. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  2. ^ "charter member". Lexico. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  3. ^ "chartered". Lexico. Oxford University Press. 1.1. Archived from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  4. ^ "Royal Charters". Privy Council of the United Kingdom. Retrieved 24 August 2019.
  5. ^ Keynes, Simon (2014). "Charters and Writs". In Lapidge, Michael; Blair, John; Keynes, Simon; Scragg, Donald (eds.). The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Anglo-Saxon England (2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978-0-470-65632-7.
  6. ^ charter colony - Definitions from Dictionary.com
  7. ^ "Charter". The Supplement to the Penny Cyclopaedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. Vol. 1. Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge. 1845. pp. 331–332. Archived from the original on 22 August 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  8. ^ "Magna Carta 1215". British Library. Archived from the original on 3 October 2022. Retrieved 3 February 2019.
  9. ^ Peter Crooks (July 2015). "Exporting Magna Carta: exclusionary liberties in Ireland and the world". History Ireland. 23 (4). Archived from the original on 1 January 2023. Retrieved 4 February 2019.
  10. ^ Phyllis Riddle (Spring 1993). "Political Authority and University Formation in Europe, 1200-1800". Sociological Perspectives. 36 (1). SAGE Publications: 49–50. doi:10.2307/1389441. JSTOR 1389441. S2CID 143493887.
  11. ^ Political Documents - Iranian Scholars for Liberty

Further reading

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[edit]
  • Media related to Charters at Wikimedia Commons
  • The dictionary definition of charter at Wiktionary

 

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