Home Renovation Company Surrey

Home Renovation Company Surrey

Bathroom renovation

Canyon Property Projects Ltd tailors every design to fit your unique style and needs, ensuring your home renovation truly reflects who you are. Now, you're not just getting the exceptional craftsmanship and personalized attention you've come to expect from us; you're also getting a wider array of services to transform your home into the haven you've always dreamed of.

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  1. Roofing and gutters
  2. Bathroom tile renovation
  3. Soaking tub installation
  4. Flooring installation
  5. Accessible home design
  6. Custom home remodeling
  7. Built-in storage solutions
  8. Home insulation upgrades
  9. Laundry room renovation
  10. Whole house renovation
  11. Backsplash installation
  12. Window replacement
  13. Kitchen cabinet replacement
  14. Garage renovation
  15. Closet renovations
  16. Door installation
  17. Surrey custom home upgrades
  18. Sustainable renovation materials
  19. Walk-in shower installation
They've integrated green building materials and energy-efficient designs into their renovation projects, ensuring you're not just revamping your space but also contributing positively to the environment. Learn more about Home Renovation Company Surrey here When you're considering us for your project, you're not just getting a contractor; you're partnering with a team that listens.
This dynamic method ensures that the end result isn't just what you asked for; it's more than you imagined.

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  • Bathroom renovation
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  • Vanity replacement
  • Bedroom remodeling
  • Entryway remodeling
  • Home addition services
  • Built-in storage solutions
  • Home insulation upgrades
  • Laundry room renovation
  • Whole house renovation
Let's transform your home into a model of sustainability, showcasing that eco-friendly choices can coexist with sophisticated design and modern comfort. Understanding your unique style and preferences is at the heart of our personalized design approach, ensuring your renovation truly reflects who you are.

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  1. Aging-in-place renovations
  2. Staircase renovation
  3. Surrey kitchen and bath renovations
  4. Local home renovators Surrey
  5. Permit and code compliance
  6. Home remodeling consultation
  7. Home improvement services
  8. Eco-friendly renovations
  9. Toilet installation
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  11. Entertainment room renovation
  12. Deck and patio remodeling
  13. Home renovation
  14. Modern home renovation Surrey
  15. Open concept renovation
  16. Roofing and gutters
  17. Bathroom tile renovation
  18. Soaking tub installation
  19. Flooring installation
  20. Accessible home design

Let's transform your space into the home of your dreams, where every detail reflects your personal style and meets your everyday needs.

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  • Bathroom tile renovation
  • Soaking tub installation
  • Flooring installation
  • Accessible home design
  • Custom home remodeling
  • Sunroom addition
  • Surrey home renovation company
  • Vanity replacement
  • Bedroom remodeling
  • Entryway remodeling
  • Home addition services
  • Built-in storage solutions
  • Home insulation upgrades
  • Laundry room renovation
  • Whole house renovation
  • Backsplash installation
  • Window replacement
Once we've got all the details down, our team of experts crafts a tailored project plan. Their team didn't just meet our expectations; they exceeded them, ensuring every detail reflected our personal style while emphasizing sustainability.'Mike and Jenna R. Sunroom addition recount, 'We were impressed with how Canyon Property Projects managed our home addition.
Canyon Property Projects Ltd. Learn more about Canyon Property Projects Ltd. here. doesn't just stop at aesthetics and utility; they're also committed to using sustainable materials and energy-efficient designs, ensuring your kitchen makeover is as environmentally friendly as it's beautiful. They're keen on understanding your vision, so they'll ask for a detailed account of what you're envisioning. This isn't a distant dream anymore; it's quickly becoming the norm.

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  • Fence and gate installation
  • Interior remodeling
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  • Luxury home remodeling Surrey
  • Painting and wall finishes
  • Aging-in-place renovations
  • Staircase renovation
  • Surrey kitchen and bath renovations
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  • Permit and code compliance
  • Home remodeling consultation
  • Home improvement services
  • Eco-friendly renovations
  • Toilet installation
  • House remodeling experts
  • Entertainment room renovation
  • Deck and patio remodeling
  • Home renovation
  • Modern home renovation Surrey
  • Open concept renovation

This approach ensures you're not just getting the best in class service but also value for your hard-earned money. Imagine controlling your home's lighting, security, and climate with just a few taps on your smartphone. We've committed to reducing waste, conserving energy, and utilizing renewable resources wherever possible. Their commitment to sustainable practices means you're not just investing in your home, but also in the future.

This flexibility means you won't have to put off your renovation dreams due to a tight schedule. Just be mindful of high interest rates if you don't pay the balance promptly. Canyon Property Projects Ltd. excels in breaking down the complexity of home renovations into manageable steps that align with your vision and budget. Green home remodeling

We also understand the importance of personalization. Next, they'll present you with a tailored plan that aligns with your budget and timeline. They're not satisfied until you're looking at your newly renovated space with complete satisfaction.

You'll begin by reaching out to their team to express your interest in a home renovation or customization project. They understand that a bathroom renovation isn't just about aesthetics but also about functionality. You'll find our services extend to the exterior of your home as well.

Citations and other links

Home Renovation Company Surrey Renovation and Design Experts

You'll see their impact in the parks they've revitalized and the public spaces they've enhanced, all part of their commitment to give back. Plus, their commitment to sustainability means you can enjoy a more energy-efficient home, reducing your carbon footprint while saving on utility bills. At Canyon Property Projects, we don't just apply a one-size-fits-all solution; we dive deep into what makes your space special to you.

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  1. Toilet installation
  2. House remodeling experts
  3. Entertainment room renovation
  4. Deck and patio remodeling
  5. Home renovation
  6. Modern home renovation Surrey
  7. Open concept renovation
  8. Roofing and gutters
  9. Bathroom tile renovation
  10. Soaking tub installation
  11. Flooring installation
  12. Accessible home design
  13. Custom home remodeling
  14. Window replacement
  15. Kitchen cabinet replacement
  16. Garage renovation
  17. Closet renovations
  18. Door installation
  19. Surrey custom home upgrades
  20. Sustainable renovation materials
We understand the importance of blending functionality with aesthetics, which is why we focus on both the big picture and the minute details of your renovation project. One key error is underestimating your budget.
This step ensures no surprises pop up down the line. Canyon Property Projects Ltd. doesn't just renovate homes; they build dreams. If you're looking to expand your living space, we also handle extensions and loft conversions, providing that much-needed extra room with seamless integration into your existing home layout. Let Canyon Property Projects guide you through a full-scale renovation that turns your current house into the dream home you've always wanted.
It's not just about delivering on time and budget; it's about adding value that you hadn't even considered. You'll find that smart storage solutions are a key focus, turning cluttered counters into sleek, usable spaces. This isn't just about completing a project; it's about creating a space that feels like a true extension of you and your lifestyle. Read more about Home Renovation Company Surrey here You've got a vision for your home, and Canyon Property Projects Ltd. is here to bring it to life.
We're over the moon with the results!'Another client, Mike D., highlighted the personalized approach. 'The team didn't just offer generic solutions. You're standing at the threshold of transforming your living space into a reflection of your unique tastes and lifestyle needs. It's about adapting to changes, managing resources wisely, and ensuring quality control throughout every phase. The project was completed on time and within budget, which was a huge relief.'

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  1. Staircase renovation
  2. Surrey kitchen and bath renovations
  3. Local home renovators Surrey
  4. Permit and code compliance
  5. Home remodeling consultation
  6. Home improvement services
  7. Eco-friendly renovations
  8. Toilet installation
  9. House remodeling experts
  10. Entertainment room renovation
  11. Deck and patio remodeling
  12. Home renovation
  13. Modern home renovation Surrey
  14. Open concept renovation
  15. Roofing and gutters
This showcases Canyon Property Projects' commitment not just to aesthetics but also to punctuality and financial transparency.

Home Renovation Company Surrey Renovation and Design Experts
Home Renovation Consultants Home Renovation Company Surrey

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You're likely seeking a partner that combines a unique renovation approach with tailored design solutions, and that's precisely where Canyon stands out.

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  • Custom home remodeling
  • Whole house renovation
  • Backsplash installation
  • Window replacement
  • Kitchen cabinet replacement
  • Garage renovation
  • Closet renovations
  • Door installation
  • Surrey custom home upgrades
  • Sustainable renovation materials
  • Walk-in shower installation
  • Exterior painting
  • Kitchen renovation
  • Wall removal services
  • Project management
  • Living room renovation
  • Basement waterproofing
They'll discuss potential designs, materials, and the scope of work in detail, ensuring everything aligns with your expectations. Whether you're looking to update your kitchen, transform your bathroom, or completely renovate your entire home, their team has the skills and experience to bring your vision to life. Communication is key to our project management strategy.

Embarking on a home renovation journey with Canyon Property Projects starts with a simple, yet comprehensive consultation to understand your vision and needs. They recognize that no two projects are the same, and your vision requires a bespoke plan to bring it to life. It's not just about aesthetics; it's about creating a space that feels right for you.

Sustainable materials and energy-efficient designs are also at the forefront of today's renovation trends. Next up, meet Maria Gonzalez, our interior design guru. That's why they're dedicated to crafting spaces that you'll love for years to come, ensuring every project is a testament to their pioneering craftsmanship excellence.

Our team's expertise means we're adept at navigating challenges that might stymie less experienced crews, turning potential obstacles into opportunities for innovation.

Home Renovation Company Surrey - Entryway remodeling

  1. Entryway remodeling
  2. Home addition services
  3. Built-in storage solutions
  4. Home insulation upgrades
  5. Laundry room renovation
  6. Whole house renovation
  7. Backsplash installation
  8. Window replacement
  9. Kitchen cabinet replacement
  10. Garage renovation
  11. Closet renovations
  12. Door installation
  13. Surrey custom home upgrades
  14. Sustainable renovation materials
  15. Walk-in shower installation
They don't just change the aesthetics; they're redefining how personalized design solutions can significantly enhance your living experience. We're committed to delivering top-notch quality within agreed timelines, because we know you're eager to enjoy your newly renovated space.

Home Renovation Company Surrey Interior Renovation Experts

You've set the standard for transparency and reliability in Home Renovation Company Surrey's competitive housing market. In the world of home renovation, where the only constant is the dust and the surprises lurking behind every wall, Canyon Property Projects emerges as a beacon of reliability and professionalism in Home Renovation Company Surrey. It's a collaborative journey that guarantees the end result is uniquely yours. Best renovation experts Surrey Stay with us as we unveil the layers of dedication and creativity that make Canyon Property Projects the first choice among Home Renovation Company Surrey residents, and perhaps, why they should be yours too.

With a keen eye for detail and a commitment to quality, their team transforms spaces while keeping you informed and involved at every turn. Surrey home renovation company They listen intently, ensuring every detail of what you envision is captured. We've integrated state-of-the-art project management tools that provide you with real-time updates on your project's progress.

Water conservation is another key aspect. At Canyon Property Projects, we understand that every homeowner has a unique dream for their space. It's clear that Canyon Property Projects isn't just renovating homes; they're crafting spaces where memories are made and dreams come to life.

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  7. Interior remodeling
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  9. Luxury home remodeling Surrey
  10. Painting and wall finishes
  11. Aging-in-place renovations
  12. Staircase renovation
  13. Surrey kitchen and bath renovations
  14. Local home renovators Surrey
  15. Permit and code compliance
  16. Home remodeling consultation
  17. Home improvement services
  18. Eco-friendly renovations


That's why they're committed to working closely with you from the initial concept to the final touches. During this initial step, we'll dive deep into what you envision for your space, the scope of the renovation, and any specific requirements or challenges your property might present. While DIY projects may seem cost-effective, they can lead to costly errors. Built-in storage solutions

Home Renovation Company Surrey Interior Renovation Experts
Full House Renovation Home Renovation Company Surrey
Full House Renovation Home Renovation Company Surrey

In essence, choosing Canyon Property means you're opting for a seamless, stress-free renovation experience delivered by a team that values your satisfaction above all. This open line ensures that any hiccups are swiftly addressed, keeping the project on track. This step is crucial to avoid legal problems and ensure your renovation meets all safety standards. You've got a vision, and we've got the roadmap to bring it to life.

Think solar panels, energy-saving appliances, and repurposed materials. After exploring comprehensive home renovations, let's now focus on how Canyon Property crafts a personalized design process for your project. We understand the importance of reducing our carbon footprint and strive to make eco-friendly choices from start to finish.

Plus, they're upfront about costs and timelines, so there are no surprises along the way. What really makes us stand out is our commitment to transparency and communication. By engaging in various community projects and events, Canyon Property Projects shows its commitment to the place they work and live in. Energy-efficient renovations

You'll discover that Canyon Property Projects Ltd offers a comprehensive array of services, ensuring every aspect of your home renovation is covered. They ensure your kitchen not only looks beautiful but also enhances your home's overall flow and efficiency. It's not just about the drastic changes; it's about how these renovations reflect the unique styles and needs of each homeowner.

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It's all about making informed decisions that align with your values. Our team's meticulously planned approach means you won't be left guessing what's next. Lastly, don't overlook government loans or grants, especially if your project includes energy-efficient upgrades. They've got a knack for seamlessly integrating tech solutions with hands-on expertise, which means you're not just getting a contractor; you're getting a finely-tuned team dedicated to making your vision a reality without the usual stress.
When you choose Canyon Property Projects for your home renovation in Home Renovation Company Surrey, you're opting for a team that prioritizes the health of the planet as much as the transformation of your space. Surrey heritage home restoration Their project management approach is hands-on and proactive. We're not satisfied until every element of your renovation meets our rigorous standards and exceeds your expectations.
We can help you reduce your carbon footprint and save on energy bills by integrating smart home technology, upgrading insulation, and more. It's this blend of skilled craftsmanship and personalized service that turns your house into the dream home you've always wanted. These aren't just any workers; they're specialists in their fields, ensuring that whether you're updating a kitchen, transforming a bathroom, or adding an extension to your home, you're covered by the best in the business.
In essence, you've shown that building community trust isn't just a byproduct of doing business; it's a deliberate and integral part of how Canyon Property Projects operates. Vanity replacement What sets Canyon Property apart is their commitment to not just meeting, but exceeding your expectations. Building on their plumbing expertise, Canyon Property Projects also excels in transforming bathrooms into modern sanctuaries.

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Home Renovation Company Surrey - Sunroom addition

  • Garage renovation
  • Closet renovations
  • Door installation
  • Surrey custom home upgrades
  • Sustainable renovation materials
  • Walk-in shower installation
  • Exterior painting
  • Kitchen renovation
  • Wall removal services
  • Project management
  • Living room renovation
  • Basement waterproofing
  • Trusted renovation contractors Surrey
  • Experienced renovation team Surrey
  • Garage conversion
  • Mudroom design
  • Custom design-build services
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A contractor[1][2] (North American English) or builder (British English),[3][4] is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.[5]

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.[6]

Description

[edit]

A general contractor is a construction manager employed by a client, usually upon the advice of the project's architect or engineer.[7] General Contractors are mainly responsible for the overall coordination of a project and may also act as building designer and construction foreman (a tradesman in charge of a crew).

A general contractor must first assess the project-specific documents (referred to as a bid, proposal, or tender documents). In the case of renovations, a site visit is required to get a better understanding of the project. Depending on the project delivery method, the general contractor will submit a fixed price proposal or bid, cost-plus price or an estimate. The general contractor considers the cost of home office overhead, general conditions, materials, and equipment, as well as the cost of labor, to provide the owner with a price for the project.

Contract documents may include drawings, project manuals (including general, supplementary, or special conditions and specifications), and addendum or modifications issued prior to proposal/bidding and prepared by a design professional, such as an architect.The general contractor may also assume the role of construction manager, responsible for overseeing the project while assuming financial and legal risks.There are several types of risks can occur include cost overruns, delays, and liabilities related to safety or contract breaches.

Prior to formal appointment, the selected general contractor to whom a client proposes to award a contract is often referred to as a "preferred contractor".[8]

Responsibilities

[edit]

A general contractor is responsible for providing all of the material, labor, equipment (such as heavy equipment and tools) and services necessary for the construction of the project. A general contractor often hires specialized subcontractors to perform all or portions of the construction work. When using subcontractors, the general contractor is responsible for overseeing the quality of all work performed by any and all of the workers and subcontractors.

It is a best practice for general contractors to prioritize safety on the job site, and they are generally responsible for ensuring that work takes place following safe practices.

A general contractor's responsibilities may include applying for building permits, advising the person they are hired by, securing the property, providing temporary utilities on site, managing personnel on site, providing site surveying and engineering, disposing or recycling of construction waste, monitoring schedules and cash flows, and maintaining accurate records.[9]

The general contractor may be responsible for some part of the design, referred to as the "contractor's design portion" (JCT terminology).[10]

United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Australia usage

[edit]

In the United Kingdom, Australia and some British Commonwealth countries, the term 'general contractor' was gradually superseded by builders during the early twentieth century.[citation needed] This was the term used by major professional, trade, and consumer organizations when issuing contracts for construction work, and thus the term 'general contractor' fell out of use except in large organizations where the main contractor is the top manager and a general contractor shares responsibilities with professional contractors.

General contractors who conduct work for government agencies are often referred to as "builders". This term is also used in contexts where the customer's immediate general contractor is permitted to sub-contract or circumstances are likely to involve sub-contracting to specialist operators e.g. in various public services.

United States and Asia usage

[edit]

In the United States and Asia, the terms general contractor (or simply "contractor"), prime contractor and main contractor are often interchangeable when referring to small local companies that perform residential work. These companies are represented by trade organizations such as the NAHB.[11]

Prime contractor

[edit]

Prime contractor is a term defined in the US law.[12][13] Statutory definitions of prime contract, prime contractor, subcontract, and subcontractor are in 41 U.S.C. § 8701.[14] The prime contractor term was already defined before the 8 March 1946 passage of An Act To eliminate the practice by subcontractors, under cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable contacts of the United States, of paying fees or kick-backs, or of granting gifts or gratuities to employees of a cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable prime contractors or of higher tier subcontractors for the purpose of securing the award of subcontracts or orders. (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 79–319, 60 Stat. 37)

Licensing requirements

[edit]

Licensing requirements to work legally on construction projects vary from locale to locale. In the United States, there are no federal licensing requirements to become a general contractor, but most US states require general contractors to obtain a local license to operate. It is the states' responsibility to define these requirements: for example, in the state of California, the requirements are stated as follows:

With a few exceptions, all businesses or individuals who work on any building, highway, road, parking facility, railroad, excavation, or other structure in California must be licensed by the California Contractors State License Board (CSLB) if the total cost of one or more contracts on the project is $500 or more.

In every state that requires a license, a surety bond is required as part of the licensing process, with the exception of Louisiana, where bonding requirements may vary in different parishes. Not all states require General Contractor licenses - these include Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, among others.

Licensing qualifications

[edit]

Some general contractors obtain bachelor's degrees in construction science, building science, surveying, construction safety, or other disciplines.

General Contractors often learn about different aspects of construction, including masonry, carpentry, framing, and plumbing. Aspiring general contractors communicate with subcontractors and may learn the management skills they need to run their own company.

Experience in the construction industry as well as references from customers, business partners, or former employers are demanded. Some jurisdictions require candidates to provide proof of financing to own their own general contracting firm.

General Contractors often run their own business. They hire subcontractors to complete specialized construction work and may manage a team of plumbers, electricians, bricklayers, carpenters, iron workers, technicians, handymans, architects and roofers. General Contractors build their business by networking with potential clients, buying basic construction tools, and ensuring that their subcontractors complete high-quality work. General Contractors do not usually complete much construction work themselves, but they need to be familiar with construction techniques so they can manage workers effectively. Other reasons include access to specialist skills, flexible hiring and firing, and lower costs.

General contractor example

[edit]

A property owner or real estate developer develops a program of their needs and selects a site (often with an architect). The architect assembles a design team of consulting engineers and other experts to design the building and specify the building systems. Today contractors frequently participate on the design team by providing pre-design services such as providing estimations of the budget and scheduling requirements to improve the economy of the project. In other cases, the general contractor is hired at the close of the design phase. The owner, architect, and general contractor work closely together to meet deadlines and budget. The general contractor works with subcontractors to ensure quality standards; subcontractors specialise in areas such as electrical wiring, plumbing, masonry, etc.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Davies, Nikolas, and Erkki Jokiniemi. Architect's illustrated pocket dictionary. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2011. 289. Print.
  2. ^ "Collins Dictionary".
  3. ^ "Merriam-Webster".
  4. ^ "Builder vs. Construction Manager".
  5. ^ Hendrickson, Chris. & Au, Tung (2000), The Design and Construction Process. Project Management for Construction: Fundamental Concepts for Owners, Engineers, Architects and Builders, chapter 3
  6. ^ "What's the difference between a developer and a builder?". Chicago Tribune. 2005-01-23. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  7. ^ Shekhar, R. K. (2005), Academic Dictionary of Architecture, Delhi: Isha Books, 69
  8. ^ Law Insider Inc., Preferred Contractor(s definition [sic], accessed 21 March 2023
  9. ^ Allen, Edward, & Iano Joseph (2009). Fundamentals of Building Construction Materials and Methods. 5th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
  10. ^ Joint Contracts Tribunal, Intermediate Building Contract with contractor’s design (ICD), current edition 2019, accessed 7 July 2021
  11. ^ "About NAHB". www.nahb.org. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  12. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1.
  13. ^ Carril & Duggan 2020.
  14. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1, Note 5.

Sources

[edit]

Polybutylene
Names
Other names
polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1
Identifiers
ChemSpider
  • none
ECHA InfoCard 100.111.056 Edit this at Wikidata
Properties
(C4H8)n
Density 0.95 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)[1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
1-butene (monomer)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Polybutylene (polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1) is a polyolefin or saturated polymer with the chemical formula (CH2CH(Et))n. Not be confused with polybutene, PB-1 is mainly used in piping.[2]

Production

[edit]

Polybutylene is produced by polymerisation of 1-butene using supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts.

Catalysts

[edit]

Isotactic PB-1 is produced commercially using two types of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts.[3] The first type of catalyst contains two components, a solid pre-catalyst, the δ-crystalline form of TiCl3, and solution of an organoaluminum cocatalyst, such as Al(C2H5)3. The second type of pre-catalyst is supported. The active ingredient in the catalyst is TiCl4 and the support is microcrystalline MgCl2. These catalysts also contain special modifiers, organic compounds belonging to the classes of esters or ethers. The pre-catalysts are activated by combinations of organoaluminum compounds and other types of organic or organometallic modifiers. Two most important technological advantages of the supported catalysts are high productivity and a high fraction of the crystalline isotactic polymer they produce at 70–80 °C under standard polymerization conditions.[4][5][6]

Characteristics

[edit]

PB-1 is a high molecular weight, linear, isotactic, and semi-crystalline polymer. PB-1 combines typical characteristics of conventional polyolefins with certain properties of technical polymers.

PB-1, when applied as a pure or reinforced resin, can replace materials like metal, rubber and engineering polymers. It is also used synergistically as a blend element to modify the characteristics of other polyolefins like polypropylene and polyethylene. Because of its specific properties it is mainly used in pressure piping, flexible packaging, water heaters, compounding and hot melt adhesives.

Heated up to 190 °C and above, PB-1 can easily be compression moulded, injection moulded, blown to hollow parts, extruded, and welded. It does not tend to crack due to stress.[dubiousdiscuss] Because of its crystalline structure and high molecular weight, PB-1 has good resistance to hydrostatic pressure, showing very low creep even at elevated temperatures.[7] It is flexible, resists impact well and has good elastic recovery.[3][8]

Isotactic polybutylene crystallizes in three different forms. Crystallization from solution yields form-III with the melting point of 106.5 °C. Cooling from the melt results in the form II which has melting point of 124 °C and density of 0.89 g/cm3. At room temperature, it spontaneously converts into the form-I with the melting point of 135 °C and density of 0.95 g/cm3.[1]

PB-1 generally resists chemicals such as detergents, oils, fats, acids, bases, alcohol, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons and hot polar solutions (including water).[3] It shows lower resistance to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons as well as oxidising acids than other polymers such as polysulfone and polyamide 6/6.[7] Additional features include excellent wet abrasion resistance, easy melt flowability (shear thinning), and good dispersion of fillers. It is compatible with polypropylene, ethylene propylene rubbers, and thermoplastic elastomers.

Some properties:[7]

Application areas

[edit]

Piping systems

[edit]

The main use of PB-1 is in flexible pressure piping systems for hot and cold drinking water distribution, pre-insulated district heating networks and surface heating and cooling systems. ISO 15876 defines the performance requirements of PB-1 piping systems.[9] PB-1's most notable characteristics are weldability, temperature resistance, flexibility and high hydrostatic pressure resistance. The material can be classified PB 125 with a minimum required strength (MRS) of 12.5 MPa. Other features include low noise transmission, low linear thermal expansion, no corrosion and calcification.

PB-1 piping systems are no longer being sold in North America (see "Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage", below). The overall market share in Europe and Asia is rather small but PB-1 piping systems have shown a steady growth in recent years. In certain domestic markets, e.g. Kuwait, the United Kingdom, Korea and Spain, PB-1 piping systems have a strong position.[8]

Plastic packaging

[edit]

Several PB-1 grades are commercially available for various applications and conversion technologies (blown film, cast film, extrusion coating). There are two main fields of application:

  • Peelable easy-to-open packaging where PB-1 is used as blend component predominantly in polyethylene to tailor peel strength and peel quality, mainly in alimentary consumer packaging and medical packaging.
  • Lowering seal initiation temperature (SIT) of high speed packaging polypropylene based films. Blending PB-1 into polypropylene, heat sealing temperatures as low as 65 °C can be achieved, maintaining a broad sealing window and good optical film properties.

Hot melt adhesives

[edit]

PB-1 is compatible with a wide range of tackifier resins. It offers high cohesive and adhesive strength and helps tailoring the "open time" of the adhesive (up to 30 minutes) because of its slow crystallisation kinetics. It improves the thermal stability and the viscosity of the adhesive.[10]

Compounding and masterbatches

[edit]

PB-1 accepts very high filler loadings in excess of 70%. In combination with its low melting point it can be employed in halogen-free flame retardant composites or as masterbatch carrier for thermo-sensitive pigments. PB-1 disperses easily in other polyolefins, and at low concentration, acts as processing aid reducing torque and/or increasing throughput.

Thermal insulation

[edit]

PB-1 can be foamed.[11] The use of PB-1 foam as thermal insulation is of great advantage for district heating pipes, since the number of materials in the sandwich structure is reduced to one, facilitating its recycling.[12]

Other applications

[edit]

Other applications include domestic water heaters, electrical insulation, compression packaging, wire and cable, shoe soles, and polyolefin modification (thermal bonding, enhancing softness and flexibility of rigid compounds, increasing temperature resistance and compression set of soft compounds).

Environmental longevity

[edit]

Plumbing and heating systems made from PB-1 have been used in Europe and Asia for more than 30 years. First reference projects in district heating and floor heating systems in Germany and Austria from the early 1970s are still in operation today.[8]

One example is the installation of PB-1 pipes in the Vienna Geothermal Project (1974) where aggressive geothermal water is distributed at a service temperature of 54 °C and 10 bar pressure. Other pipe materials in the same installation failed or corroded and had been replaced in the meantime.[8]

International standards set minimum performance requirements for pipes made from PB-1 used in hot water applications. Standardized extrapolation methods predict lifetimes in excess of 50 years at 70 °C and 10 bar.[8]

Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage

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Polybutylene plumbing was used in several million homes built in the United States from around 1978 to 1997. Problems with leaks and broken pipes led to a class action lawsuit, Cox v. Shell Oil, that was settled for $1 billion.[13][14] The leaks were associated with degradation of polybutylene exposed to chlorinated water.[15]

Polybutylene water pipes are no longer accepted by the United States building codes and have been the subject[16] of class action lawsuits in both Canada and the U.S.[17][18] The National Plumbing Code of Canada 1995 listed polybutylene piping as acceptable for use with the exception of recirculation plumbing. The piping was removed from the acceptable for use list in the 2005 issue of the standard.[19]

In Australia in March 2023, the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety reported that Australian homes built in 2019-2020 that had used a certain brand of polybutylene piping, had become the subject of an enquiry due to the significance of water leaks reported.[20][21]

There is evidence to suggest that the presence of chlorine and chloramine compounds in municipal water (often deliberately added to retard bacterial growth) will cause deterioration of the internal chemical structure of polybutylene piping and the associated acetal fittings.[22] The reaction with chlorinated water appears to be greatly accelerated by tensile stress, and is most often observed in material under highest mechanical stress such as at fittings, sharp bends, and kinks. Localized stress whitening of the material generally accompanies and precedes decomposition of the polymer. In extreme cases, this stress-activated chemical "corrosion" can lead to perforation and leakage within a few years, but it also may not fail for decades. Fittings with a soft compression seal can give adequate service life.[further explanation needed]

Because the chemical reaction of the water with the pipe occurs inside the pipe, it is often difficult to assess the extent of deterioration. The problem can cause both slow leaks and pipe bursting without any previous warning indication. The only long-term solution is to completely replace the polybutylene plumbing throughout the entire building.[23]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Mark Alger, Mark S. M. Alger (1997). Polymer science dictionary. Springer. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-412-60870-4.
  2. ^ Whiteley, Kenneth S.; Heggs, T. Geoffrey; Koch, Hartmut; Mawer, Ralph L.; Immel, Wolfgang (2000). "Polyolefins". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_487. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  3. ^ a b c d Charles A. Harper (2006). Handbook of plastics technologies: the complete guide to properties and performance. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-07-146068-2.
  4. ^ Hwo, Charles C.; Watkins, Larry K. Laminated film with improved tear strength, European Patent Application EP0459742, Publication date 12/04/1991
  5. ^ Boo-Deuk Kim et al. (2008) U.S. patent 7,442,489
  6. ^ Shimizu, Akihiko; Itakura, Keisuke; Otsu, Takayuki; Imoto, Minoru (1969). "Monomer-isomerization polymerization. VI. Isomerizations of butene-2 with TiCl3 or Al(C2H5)3–TiCl3 catalyst". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 7 (11): 3119. Bibcode:1969JPoSA...7.3119S. doi:10.1002/pol.1969.150071108.
  7. ^ a b c d Freeman, Andrew; Mantell, Susan C.; Davidson, Jane H. (2005). "Mechanical performance of polysulfone, polybutylene, and polyamide 6/6 in hot chlorinated water". Solar Energy. 79 (6): 624–37. Bibcode:2005SoEn...79..624F. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2005.07.003.
  8. ^ a b c d e Polybutylene Archived November 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ ISO 15876-1:2003 iso.org
  10. ^ T.E. Rolando (1998). Solvent-Free Adhesives. iSmithers Rapra. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-85957-133-0.
  11. ^ Doyle, Lucía (2022-03-20). "Extrusion foaming behavior of polybutene-1. Toward single-material multifunctional sandwich structures". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 139 (12). doi:10.1002/app.51816. ISSN 0021-8995.
  12. ^ Doyle Gutierrez, Lucia (2022-12-02). A Circular Economy Approach to Multifunctional Sandwich Structures: Polymeric Foams for District Heating Pre-Insulated Pipes (Thesis thesis). HafenCity Universität Hamburg. doi:10.34712/142.35.
  13. ^ Hensler, Deborah R.; Pace, Nicholas M.; Dombey-Moore, Bonita; Giddens, Beth; Gross, Jennifer; Moller, Erik K. (2000). "Polybutylene Plumbing Pipes Litigation: Cox v. Shell Oil". In Hensler, Deborah R. (ed.). Class action dilemmas: pursuing public goals for private gain. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Institute for Civil Justice. pp. 375–98. ISBN 978-0-8330-2601-9.
  14. ^ Schneider, Martin (November 21, 1999). "Pipe problem getting fixed". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2012-06-04. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  15. ^ Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Assessing material performance in chlorinated potable water applications" (PDF). Book Institute of Materials. 759: 863–72. ISSN 1366-5510. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2010-07-30. also published as: Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Chlorine resistance testing of cross-linked polyethylene piping materials". ANTEC 2001 Proceedings. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 2833–9. ISBN 978-1-58716-098-1.
  16. ^ Pipe dream is nightmare for many, Miami Herald - September 12, 1993
  17. ^ "DuPont USA Settlement of the Canadian Class Action Lawsuits". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  18. ^ Polybutylene Plumbing Pipe Leak Relief
  19. ^ "Polybutylene (Poly-B) Pressure Water Piping" (PDF). municipalaffairs.alberta.ca. Government of Alberta. 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2019-09-09.
  20. ^ "Information for owners of new homes with polybutylene plumbing pipes" (PDF). commerce.wa.gov.au. March 21, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  21. ^ Batajtis, Damian (27 March 2023). "Comprehensive Guide to polybutylene Piping Issues and Solutions in Australia". Wizard Leak Detection. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  22. ^ Cause of failure in polybutylene pipe & acetal fittings http://www.polybutylene.com/poly.html
  23. ^ "Polybutylene Piping". PropEx.com. Archived from the original on 2015-08-29. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

Further reading

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Frequently Asked Questions

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