Luxury Home Renovation Surrey

Luxury Home Renovation Surrey

Home remodeling consultation

From architects and designers who sketch your dreams onto paper to the craftsmen and builders who turn those sketches into reality, every member plays a crucial role.

Luxury Home Renovation Surrey - Living room renovation

  1. Foundation repair
  2. Aging-in-place renovations
  3. Accessible home design
  4. Local home renovators Surrey
  5. Surrey heritage home restoration
  6. Luxury home remodeling Surrey
  7. Staircase renovation
  8. Interior remodeling
  9. Surrey kitchen and bath renovations
  10. Roofing and gutters
  11. Home improvement ideas Surrey
  12. Exterior siding replacement
  13. Garage renovation
  14. Baseboard and trim renovation
  15. Full-service renovation Surrey
  16. Affordable home remodeling Surrey
  17. Closet renovations
  18. Entertainment room renovation
  19. Kitchen cabinet replacement
  20. Fence and gate installation
Choosing Canyon Property Projects means you're opting for a hassle-free renovation experience characterized by reliability, efficiency, and outstanding results. That's why we offer transparent pricing and realistic timelines from the outset. This layout not only maximizes your space but also fosters a more connected living environment. Jenny, who'd her entire home renovated, mentions, 'The attention to detail and the seamless integration of sustainable materials blew us away. Learn more about Luxury Home Renovation Surrey here
Our experience spans across all facets of home renovation, ensuring that your vision comes to life in ways that exceed your expectations. You'll be kept in the loop every step of the way, ensuring there are no surprises. Canyon Property doesn't just talk the talk; they walk the walk. Living room renovation They're not just renovators; they're your neighbors, committed to enhancing the community one project at a time. Learn more about Canyon Property Projects Ltd. here.
It's not just about a makeover; it's about creating a space that reflects your personality and meets your lifestyle needs. Choosing Canyon Property Projects means you're opting for a team that values excellence in project management as much as you value your home. If you're intrigued by the prospect of elevating your home with innovative and thoughtful designs, you'll want to discover more about how Canyon Property Projects Ltd can bring your vision to life. Our team understands the importance of not only making your home look good but ensuring it functions well too.
To guarantee your satisfaction, Canyon Property Projects Ltd. employs a thorough consultation process before any work begins. You're not just another client; you're a partner in the creative process. They're also keen on energy efficiency, installing LED lighting, high-efficiency heating systems, and double-glazed windows to keep your home warm in winter and cool in summer, slashing your energy bills and reducing your carbon footprint. Throughout the renovation, you'll be in constant communication with our project manager, keeping you updated on progress and any adjustments needed along the way.

Canyon Property Projects deeply values its role in the Luxury Home Renovation Surrey community, actively participating in local initiatives to strengthen neighborhood bonds and enhance the area's overall well-being. Exterior siding replacement They're flexible, ready to adjust plans as new ideas come to light or challenges arise. Now that we've explored your financing options, let's tackle the challenges you might face during your home renovation project with Canyon Property Projects. Entertainment room renovation Our aim is to minimize disruptions to your daily life, completing the project efficiently and to the highest quality.
Getting started with Canyon isn't just about kicking off a project; it's about laying the foundation for a trusted partnership. Hearing directly from satisfied clients, you'll understand why Canyon Property Projects stands out in Luxury Home Renovation Surrey for top-notch renovation services. This isn't just about seeing your space; it's about experiencing it.
Before a single tool is picked up, we sit down with you to understand your desires, needs, and the functionalities you envision for your space. Hearing directly from satisfied customers, you'll quickly realize why Canyon Property is the go-to choice for eco-conscious home renovations in Luxury Home Renovation Surrey. Read more about Luxury Home Renovation Surrey here Our team specializes in custom renovations, ensuring each project is tailored to meet your specific needs and preferences.
You're involved in the decision-making process from start to finish. Full-service renovation Surrey Whether it's a dream kitchen that caters to your culinary adventures, a bathroom that serves as a spa-like retreat, or a living room that perfectly balances style and comfort, custom renovations allow you to bring these visions to life. Embarking on your renovation journey with Canyon Property Projects is a straightforward process designed to meet your specific needs.

Citations and other links

Residential Renovation Specialists Luxury Home Renovation Surrey

From the initial consultation to the final walkthrough, you're involved in every step, ensuring that our work aligns perfectly with your desires and specifications.

Luxury Home Renovation Surrey - Electrical renovations

  • Home remodeling consultation
  • Permit and code compliance
  • Sunroom addition
  • Built-in storage solutions
  • Home improvement ideas Surrey
  • Exterior siding replacement
  • Garage renovation
  • Baseboard and trim renovation
  • Full-service renovation Surrey
  • Affordable home remodeling Surrey
  • Closet renovations
  • Entertainment room renovation
  • Kitchen cabinet replacement
  • Fence and gate installation
  • Electrical renovations
  • Toilet installation
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  • Walk-in shower installation
  • Experienced renovation team Surrey
  • Kitchen renovation
They finished ahead of schedule, and the results were beyond our dreams,' they shared. Electrical renovations They're not just about updating a single room; they're here to revolutionize the way you live in your space. With us, you're not just getting a contractor; you're gaining a partner committed to bringing your vision to life with precision, quality, and care.

Ensure you understand the local regulations and obtain the necessary permits before starting any work. That's why they're dedicated to creating environments that not only meet your practical needs but also reflect your personal style and comfort.

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  • Surrey heritage home restoration
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  • Electrical renovations
  • Toilet installation
  • Living room renovation
  • Walk-in shower installation
  • Experienced renovation team Surrey
  • Kitchen renovation
  • Eco-friendly renovations
Our commitment to excellence extends beyond the aesthetics, focusing on functionality and durability.

We've integrated eco-friendly materials and green building practices into every renovation project to ensure your home isn't only beautiful but also sustainable. Choosing us means you're not just getting a contractor; you're partnering with professionals who genuinely care about bringing your dream home to life. Another mistake is neglecting proper planning. Fence and gate installation

But what sets them apart isn't just their ability to renovate homes-it's their commitment to sustainable building practices and building a legacy within the community. With Canyon Property, you're not just renovating your house; you're creating a home that's tailor-made just for you. By staying ahead of industry trends and employing innovative solutions, they ensure your project not only meets but surpasses modern standards.

Luxury Home Renovation Surrey - Affordable home remodeling Surrey

  • Electrical renovations
  • Toilet installation
  • Living room renovation
  • Walk-in shower installation
  • Experienced renovation team Surrey
  • Kitchen renovation
  • Eco-friendly renovations
  • Landscaping and hardscaping
  • Backsplash installation
  • Home layout redesign
  • Painting and wall finishes
  • Open concept renovation
  • Foundation repair
  • Aging-in-place renovations
  • Accessible home design
  • Local home renovators Surrey
  • Surrey heritage home restoration


Residential Renovation Specialists Luxury Home Renovation Surrey
Luxury Home Renovation Surrey Home Renovation Solutions Company

Luxury Home Renovation Surrey Home Renovation Solutions Company

Lastly, overlooking the need for permits can lead to significant issues. You're not just getting builders; you're partnering with seasoned designers, architects, and craftsmen who understand the nuances of creating a space that's both beautiful and functional. They're mindful of water conservation too, recommending fixtures that reduce water usage without sacrificing functionality. That's why they're committed to installing high-quality, durable materials that stand the test of time.

Luxury Home Renovation Surrey - Exterior siding replacement

  • Living room renovation
  • Walk-in shower installation
  • Experienced renovation team Surrey
  • Kitchen renovation
  • Eco-friendly renovations
  • Landscaping and hardscaping
  • Backsplash installation
  • Home layout redesign
  • Painting and wall finishes
  • Open concept renovation
  • Foundation repair
  • Aging-in-place renovations
  • Accessible home design
  • Local home renovators Surrey
  • Surrey heritage home restoration
  • Luxury home remodeling Surrey
  • Staircase renovation
  • Interior remodeling
  • Surrey kitchen and bath renovations
  • Roofing and gutters


Whether it's modernizing the living areas with state-of-the-art technology or turning your bathroom into a spa-like retreat, they've got the expertise to make it happen.

Luxury Home Renovation Surrey Residential Home Makeover

They'll guide you through selecting eco-friendly materials and innovations, ensuring your new bathroom isn't only beautiful but also beneficial for the planet. We couldn't be happier with the outcome.'Finally, Lisa G. notes, 'Their customer service is unmatched. So, whatever your renovation goals, Canyon Property Projects is here to turn them into reality. At the helm, we've got Alex Johnson, our visionary founder and lead architect, who's spent over two decades perfecting the art of transforming spaces into bespoke living experiences.

These stories are just a glimpse of what we've accomplished. Toilet installation Sunroom addition Fortunately, contacting them is straightforward and customer-friendly. Experienced renovation team Surrey Each option has its pros and cons, so it's about finding the right fit for your project and financial situation.

Luxury Home Renovation Surrey - Toilet installation

  1. Experienced renovation team Surrey
  2. Kitchen renovation
  3. Eco-friendly renovations
  4. Landscaping and hardscaping
  5. Backsplash installation
  6. Home layout redesign
  7. Painting and wall finishes
  8. Open concept renovation
  9. Foundation repair
  10. Aging-in-place renovations
  11. Accessible home design
  12. Local home renovators Surrey
  13. Surrey heritage home restoration
  14. Luxury home remodeling Surrey
  15. Staircase renovation
  16. Interior remodeling
  17. Surrey kitchen and bath renovations
  18. Roofing and gutters


You'll find that their expertise isn't just about fixing problems; it's about elevating your home's efficiency and sustainability. Behind every successful renovation project lies a team of skilled professionals dedicated to bringing your vision to life. Canyon stands out for numerous reasons.

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  • Roofing and gutters
  • Eco-friendly renovations
  • Landscaping and hardscaping
  • Backsplash installation
  • Home layout redesign
  • Painting and wall finishes
  • Open concept renovation
  • Foundation repair
  • Aging-in-place renovations
  • Accessible home design
  • Local home renovators Surrey
  • Surrey heritage home restoration
  • Luxury home remodeling Surrey
  • Staircase renovation
  • Interior remodeling
  • Surrey kitchen and bath renovations
  • Roofing and gutters
  • Eco-friendly renovations
  • Landscaping and hardscaping
  • Backsplash installation
Affordable home remodeling Surrey

Every corner, every finish is meticulously crafted, guaranteeing that the end result not only meets but exceeds your expectations. Another client mentioned, 'The communication was top-notch.

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  1. Full-service renovation Surrey
  2. Affordable home remodeling Surrey
  3. Closet renovations
  4. Entertainment room renovation
  5. Kitchen cabinet replacement
  6. Fence and gate installation
  7. Electrical renovations
  8. Toilet installation
  9. Living room renovation
  10. Walk-in shower installation
  11. Experienced renovation team Surrey
  12. Kitchen renovation
  13. Eco-friendly renovations
  14. Landscaping and hardscaping
  15. Backsplash installation
This transparency builds trust and ensures the final outcome aligns with your expectations.

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Luxury Home Renovation Surrey General Home Services
Luxury Home Renovation Surrey General Home Services

As trends evolve and the future of home customization beckons, understanding the common mistakes to avoid becomes paramount. Canyon Property Projects doesn't just renovate homes; they're building a community legacy that will stand the test of time. It's not just about aesthetics; it's about creating a space that enhances your quality of life every single day. Canyon Property isn't just renovating homes; they're redefining them with technology at the forefront. This means you get a renovation that's not just beautiful and customized but also durable and long-lasting.

You'll receive regular updates and have direct access to your project manager, who'll be more than happy to address any concerns or adjustments you might've in mind. You've consistently gone above and beyond to ensure your projects not only meet but exceed expectations. Whether you're dreaming of a sleek, modern design or a cozy, traditional feel, they've got the skills and resources to bring your vision to life. We don't stop at materials, though.

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  1. Electrical renovations
  2. Toilet installation
  3. Living room renovation
  4. Walk-in shower installation
  5. Experienced renovation team Surrey
  6. Kitchen renovation
  7. Eco-friendly renovations
  8. Landscaping and hardscaping
  9. Backsplash installation
  10. Home layout redesign
  11. Painting and wall finishes
  12. Open concept renovation
  13. Foundation repair
  14. Aging-in-place renovations
  15. Accessible home design
  16. Local home renovators Surrey
  17. Surrey heritage home restoration


From digital blueprints to project tracking apps, we employ tools that allow for precise planning and execution. It's not just about renovating homes; it's about rebuilding trust and forging lasting relationships with homeowners and local businesses alike. Moreover, Canyon Property Projects Ltd prioritizes recycling and minimizing waste during your renovation. Once the plan's set, we'll guide you through the selection of materials and finishes, balancing quality with your budget.

This level of customization means your home will grow and change with you, always providing the perfect backdrop to your life. They don't just work for you; they work with you, making sure every tile, fixture, and finish reflects your personal style and meets your needs. We're not just about aesthetics; we also prioritize functionality, ensuring that your new spaces not only look beautiful but also work seamlessly for your lifestyle. Their commitment to quality is another reason you'd choose them.

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Their project management approach isn't just about keeping things on track. In the world of home renovations, finding a balance between expertise and innovation can often feel like a quest for a mythical creature, yet Canyon Property Projects stands as a beacon of reliability in Luxury Home Renovation Surrey, bringing a fresh perspective to traditional home makeover needs. Permit and code compliance It's all about making sure you're comfortable and confident with the plan before any work begins. From the initial design process to the unveiling of innovative solutions by their expert team, they redefine the concept of customization in home renovation.
This is where you'll share your vision, needs, and the budget you're working with. We're here to navigate the complexities of sourcing the right components that embody your style and meet functional needs. Emma, a recent client, added, 'Their communication throughout the process was outstanding.
They listen to your needs, preferences, and concerns, ensuring that every aspect of the project aligns with your vision. Canyon Property Projects Ltd. understands that every homeowner in Luxury Home Renovation Surrey has unique tastes and lifestyle requirements. Whether you're looking for a sleek, modern kitchen, a spa-like bathroom retreat, or a complete home makeover, they're ready to deliver.
They go deeper, sourcing materials that are both sustainable and locally available, cutting down on transportation emissions and supporting the local economy. Jumping into renovations without a detailed plan can lead to delays and cost overruns. From the initial concept to the final touches, our tailored design solutions are about making your home uniquely yours.

Explore Luxury Home Renovation Surrey here
Complete Home Makeovers Luxury Home Renovation Surrey
Polybutylene
Names
Other names
polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1
Identifiers
ChemSpider
  • none
ECHA InfoCard 100.111.056 Edit this at Wikidata
Properties
(C4H8)n
Density 0.95 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)[1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
1-butene (monomer)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Polybutylene (polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1) is a polyolefin or saturated polymer with the chemical formula (CH2CH(Et))n. Not be confused with polybutene, PB-1 is mainly used in piping.[2]

Production

[edit]

Polybutylene is produced by polymerisation of 1-butene using supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts.

Catalysts

[edit]

Isotactic PB-1 is produced commercially using two types of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts.[3] The first type of catalyst contains two components, a solid pre-catalyst, the δ-crystalline form of TiCl3, and solution of an organoaluminum cocatalyst, such as Al(C2H5)3. The second type of pre-catalyst is supported. The active ingredient in the catalyst is TiCl4 and the support is microcrystalline MgCl2. These catalysts also contain special modifiers, organic compounds belonging to the classes of esters or ethers. The pre-catalysts are activated by combinations of organoaluminum compounds and other types of organic or organometallic modifiers. Two most important technological advantages of the supported catalysts are high productivity and a high fraction of the crystalline isotactic polymer they produce at 70–80 °C under standard polymerization conditions.[4][5][6]

Characteristics

[edit]

PB-1 is a high molecular weight, linear, isotactic, and semi-crystalline polymer. PB-1 combines typical characteristics of conventional polyolefins with certain properties of technical polymers.

PB-1, when applied as a pure or reinforced resin, can replace materials like metal, rubber and engineering polymers. It is also used synergistically as a blend element to modify the characteristics of other polyolefins like polypropylene and polyethylene. Because of its specific properties it is mainly used in pressure piping, flexible packaging, water heaters, compounding and hot melt adhesives.

Heated up to 190 °C and above, PB-1 can easily be compression moulded, injection moulded, blown to hollow parts, extruded, and welded. It does not tend to crack due to stress.[dubiousdiscuss] Because of its crystalline structure and high molecular weight, PB-1 has good resistance to hydrostatic pressure, showing very low creep even at elevated temperatures.[7] It is flexible, resists impact well and has good elastic recovery.[3][8]

Isotactic polybutylene crystallizes in three different forms. Crystallization from solution yields form-III with the melting point of 106.5 °C. Cooling from the melt results in the form II which has melting point of 124 °C and density of 0.89 g/cm3. At room temperature, it spontaneously converts into the form-I with the melting point of 135 °C and density of 0.95 g/cm3.[1]

PB-1 generally resists chemicals such as detergents, oils, fats, acids, bases, alcohol, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons and hot polar solutions (including water).[3] It shows lower resistance to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons as well as oxidising acids than other polymers such as polysulfone and polyamide 6/6.[7] Additional features include excellent wet abrasion resistance, easy melt flowability (shear thinning), and good dispersion of fillers. It is compatible with polypropylene, ethylene propylene rubbers, and thermoplastic elastomers.

Some properties:[7]

Application areas

[edit]

Piping systems

[edit]

The main use of PB-1 is in flexible pressure piping systems for hot and cold drinking water distribution, pre-insulated district heating networks and surface heating and cooling systems. ISO 15876 defines the performance requirements of PB-1 piping systems.[9] PB-1's most notable characteristics are weldability, temperature resistance, flexibility and high hydrostatic pressure resistance. The material can be classified PB 125 with a minimum required strength (MRS) of 12.5 MPa. Other features include low noise transmission, low linear thermal expansion, no corrosion and calcification.

PB-1 piping systems are no longer being sold in North America (see "Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage", below). The overall market share in Europe and Asia is rather small but PB-1 piping systems have shown a steady growth in recent years. In certain domestic markets, e.g. Kuwait, the United Kingdom, Korea and Spain, PB-1 piping systems have a strong position.[8]

Plastic packaging

[edit]

Several PB-1 grades are commercially available for various applications and conversion technologies (blown film, cast film, extrusion coating). There are two main fields of application:

  • Peelable easy-to-open packaging where PB-1 is used as blend component predominantly in polyethylene to tailor peel strength and peel quality, mainly in alimentary consumer packaging and medical packaging.
  • Lowering seal initiation temperature (SIT) of high speed packaging polypropylene based films. Blending PB-1 into polypropylene, heat sealing temperatures as low as 65 °C can be achieved, maintaining a broad sealing window and good optical film properties.

Hot melt adhesives

[edit]

PB-1 is compatible with a wide range of tackifier resins. It offers high cohesive and adhesive strength and helps tailoring the "open time" of the adhesive (up to 30 minutes) because of its slow crystallisation kinetics. It improves the thermal stability and the viscosity of the adhesive.[10]

Compounding and masterbatches

[edit]

PB-1 accepts very high filler loadings in excess of 70%. In combination with its low melting point it can be employed in halogen-free flame retardant composites or as masterbatch carrier for thermo-sensitive pigments. PB-1 disperses easily in other polyolefins, and at low concentration, acts as processing aid reducing torque and/or increasing throughput.

Thermal insulation

[edit]

PB-1 can be foamed.[11] The use of PB-1 foam as thermal insulation is of great advantage for district heating pipes, since the number of materials in the sandwich structure is reduced to one, facilitating its recycling.[12]

Other applications

[edit]

Other applications include domestic water heaters, electrical insulation, compression packaging, wire and cable, shoe soles, and polyolefin modification (thermal bonding, enhancing softness and flexibility of rigid compounds, increasing temperature resistance and compression set of soft compounds).

Environmental longevity

[edit]

Plumbing and heating systems made from PB-1 have been used in Europe and Asia for more than 30 years. First reference projects in district heating and floor heating systems in Germany and Austria from the early 1970s are still in operation today.[8]

One example is the installation of PB-1 pipes in the Vienna Geothermal Project (1974) where aggressive geothermal water is distributed at a service temperature of 54 °C and 10 bar pressure. Other pipe materials in the same installation failed or corroded and had been replaced in the meantime.[8]

International standards set minimum performance requirements for pipes made from PB-1 used in hot water applications. Standardized extrapolation methods predict lifetimes in excess of 50 years at 70 °C and 10 bar.[8]

Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage

[edit]

Polybutylene plumbing was used in several million homes built in the United States from around 1978 to 1997. Problems with leaks and broken pipes led to a class action lawsuit, Cox v. Shell Oil, that was settled for $1 billion.[13][14] The leaks were associated with degradation of polybutylene exposed to chlorinated water.[15]

Polybutylene water pipes are no longer accepted by the United States building codes and have been the subject[16] of class action lawsuits in both Canada and the U.S.[17][18] The National Plumbing Code of Canada 1995 listed polybutylene piping as acceptable for use with the exception of recirculation plumbing. The piping was removed from the acceptable for use list in the 2005 issue of the standard.[19]

In Australia in March 2023, the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety reported that Australian homes built in 2019-2020 that had used a certain brand of polybutylene piping, had become the subject of an enquiry due to the significance of water leaks reported.[20][21]

There is evidence to suggest that the presence of chlorine and chloramine compounds in municipal water (often deliberately added to retard bacterial growth) will cause deterioration of the internal chemical structure of polybutylene piping and the associated acetal fittings.[22] The reaction with chlorinated water appears to be greatly accelerated by tensile stress, and is most often observed in material under highest mechanical stress such as at fittings, sharp bends, and kinks. Localized stress whitening of the material generally accompanies and precedes decomposition of the polymer. In extreme cases, this stress-activated chemical "corrosion" can lead to perforation and leakage within a few years, but it also may not fail for decades. Fittings with a soft compression seal can give adequate service life.[further explanation needed]

Because the chemical reaction of the water with the pipe occurs inside the pipe, it is often difficult to assess the extent of deterioration. The problem can cause both slow leaks and pipe bursting without any previous warning indication. The only long-term solution is to completely replace the polybutylene plumbing throughout the entire building.[23]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Mark Alger, Mark S. M. Alger (1997). Polymer science dictionary. Springer. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-412-60870-4.
  2. ^ Whiteley, Kenneth S.; Heggs, T. Geoffrey; Koch, Hartmut; Mawer, Ralph L.; Immel, Wolfgang (2000). "Polyolefins". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_487. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  3. ^ a b c d Charles A. Harper (2006). Handbook of plastics technologies: the complete guide to properties and performance. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-07-146068-2.
  4. ^ Hwo, Charles C.; Watkins, Larry K. Laminated film with improved tear strength, European Patent Application EP0459742, Publication date 12/04/1991
  5. ^ Boo-Deuk Kim et al. (2008) U.S. patent 7,442,489
  6. ^ Shimizu, Akihiko; Itakura, Keisuke; Otsu, Takayuki; Imoto, Minoru (1969). "Monomer-isomerization polymerization. VI. Isomerizations of butene-2 with TiCl3 or Al(C2H5)3–TiCl3 catalyst". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 7 (11): 3119. Bibcode:1969JPoSA...7.3119S. doi:10.1002/pol.1969.150071108.
  7. ^ a b c d Freeman, Andrew; Mantell, Susan C.; Davidson, Jane H. (2005). "Mechanical performance of polysulfone, polybutylene, and polyamide 6/6 in hot chlorinated water". Solar Energy. 79 (6): 624–37. Bibcode:2005SoEn...79..624F. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2005.07.003.
  8. ^ a b c d e Polybutylene Archived November 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ ISO 15876-1:2003 iso.org
  10. ^ T.E. Rolando (1998). Solvent-Free Adhesives. iSmithers Rapra. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-85957-133-0.
  11. ^ Doyle, Lucía (2022-03-20). "Extrusion foaming behavior of polybutene-1. Toward single-material multifunctional sandwich structures". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 139 (12). doi:10.1002/app.51816. ISSN 0021-8995.
  12. ^ Doyle Gutierrez, Lucia (2022-12-02). A Circular Economy Approach to Multifunctional Sandwich Structures: Polymeric Foams for District Heating Pre-Insulated Pipes (Thesis thesis). HafenCity Universität Hamburg. doi:10.34712/142.35.
  13. ^ Hensler, Deborah R.; Pace, Nicholas M.; Dombey-Moore, Bonita; Giddens, Beth; Gross, Jennifer; Moller, Erik K. (2000). "Polybutylene Plumbing Pipes Litigation: Cox v. Shell Oil". In Hensler, Deborah R. (ed.). Class action dilemmas: pursuing public goals for private gain. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Institute for Civil Justice. pp. 375–98. ISBN 978-0-8330-2601-9.
  14. ^ Schneider, Martin (November 21, 1999). "Pipe problem getting fixed". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2012-06-04. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  15. ^ Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Assessing material performance in chlorinated potable water applications" (PDF). Book Institute of Materials. 759: 863–72. ISSN 1366-5510. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2010-07-30. also published as: Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Chlorine resistance testing of cross-linked polyethylene piping materials". ANTEC 2001 Proceedings. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 2833–9. ISBN 978-1-58716-098-1.
  16. ^ Pipe dream is nightmare for many, Miami Herald - September 12, 1993
  17. ^ "DuPont USA Settlement of the Canadian Class Action Lawsuits". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  18. ^ Polybutylene Plumbing Pipe Leak Relief
  19. ^ "Polybutylene (Poly-B) Pressure Water Piping" (PDF). municipalaffairs.alberta.ca. Government of Alberta. 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2019-09-09.
  20. ^ "Information for owners of new homes with polybutylene plumbing pipes" (PDF). commerce.wa.gov.au. March 21, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  21. ^ Batajtis, Damian (27 March 2023). "Comprehensive Guide to polybutylene Piping Issues and Solutions in Australia". Wizard Leak Detection. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  22. ^ Cause of failure in polybutylene pipe & acetal fittings http://www.polybutylene.com/poly.html
  23. ^ "Polybutylene Piping". PropEx.com. Archived from the original on 2015-08-29. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

Further reading

[edit]

A contractor[1][2] (North American English) or builder (British English),[3][4] is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.[5]

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.[6]

Description

[edit]

A general contractor is a construction manager employed by a client, usually upon the advice of the project's architect or engineer.[7] General Contractors are mainly responsible for the overall coordination of a project and may also act as building designer and construction foreman (a tradesman in charge of a crew).

A general contractor must first assess the project-specific documents (referred to as a bid, proposal, or tender documents). In the case of renovations, a site visit is required to get a better understanding of the project. Depending on the project delivery method, the general contractor will submit a fixed price proposal or bid, cost-plus price or an estimate. The general contractor considers the cost of home office overhead, general conditions, materials, and equipment, as well as the cost of labor, to provide the owner with a price for the project.

Contract documents may include drawings, project manuals (including general, supplementary, or special conditions and specifications), and addendum or modifications issued prior to proposal/bidding and prepared by a design professional, such as an architect.The general contractor may also assume the role of construction manager, responsible for overseeing the project while assuming financial and legal risks.There are several types of risks can occur include cost overruns, delays, and liabilities related to safety or contract breaches.

Prior to formal appointment, the selected general contractor to whom a client proposes to award a contract is often referred to as a "preferred contractor".[8]

Responsibilities

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A general contractor is responsible for providing all of the material, labor, equipment (such as heavy equipment and tools) and services necessary for the construction of the project. A general contractor often hires specialized subcontractors to perform all or portions of the construction work. When using subcontractors, the general contractor is responsible for overseeing the quality of all work performed by any and all of the workers and subcontractors.

It is a best practice for general contractors to prioritize safety on the job site, and they are generally responsible for ensuring that work takes place following safe practices.

A general contractor's responsibilities may include applying for building permits, advising the person they are hired by, securing the property, providing temporary utilities on site, managing personnel on site, providing site surveying and engineering, disposing or recycling of construction waste, monitoring schedules and cash flows, and maintaining accurate records.[9]

The general contractor may be responsible for some part of the design, referred to as the "contractor's design portion" (JCT terminology).[10]

United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Australia usage

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In the United Kingdom, Australia and some British Commonwealth countries, the term 'general contractor' was gradually superseded by builders during the early twentieth century.[citation needed] This was the term used by major professional, trade, and consumer organizations when issuing contracts for construction work, and thus the term 'general contractor' fell out of use except in large organizations where the main contractor is the top manager and a general contractor shares responsibilities with professional contractors.

General contractors who conduct work for government agencies are often referred to as "builders". This term is also used in contexts where the customer's immediate general contractor is permitted to sub-contract or circumstances are likely to involve sub-contracting to specialist operators e.g. in various public services.

United States and Asia usage

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In the United States and Asia, the terms general contractor (or simply "contractor"), prime contractor and main contractor are often interchangeable when referring to small local companies that perform residential work. These companies are represented by trade organizations such as the NAHB.[11]

Prime contractor

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Prime contractor is a term defined in the US law.[12][13] Statutory definitions of prime contract, prime contractor, subcontract, and subcontractor are in 41 U.S.C. § 8701.[14] The prime contractor term was already defined before the 8 March 1946 passage of An Act To eliminate the practice by subcontractors, under cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable contacts of the United States, of paying fees or kick-backs, or of granting gifts or gratuities to employees of a cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable prime contractors or of higher tier subcontractors for the purpose of securing the award of subcontracts or orders. (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 79–319, 60 Stat. 37)

Licensing requirements

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Licensing requirements to work legally on construction projects vary from locale to locale. In the United States, there are no federal licensing requirements to become a general contractor, but most US states require general contractors to obtain a local license to operate. It is the states' responsibility to define these requirements: for example, in the state of California, the requirements are stated as follows:

With a few exceptions, all businesses or individuals who work on any building, highway, road, parking facility, railroad, excavation, or other structure in California must be licensed by the California Contractors State License Board (CSLB) if the total cost of one or more contracts on the project is $500 or more.

In every state that requires a license, a surety bond is required as part of the licensing process, with the exception of Louisiana, where bonding requirements may vary in different parishes. Not all states require General Contractor licenses - these include Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, among others.

Licensing qualifications

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Some general contractors obtain bachelor's degrees in construction science, building science, surveying, construction safety, or other disciplines.

General Contractors often learn about different aspects of construction, including masonry, carpentry, framing, and plumbing. Aspiring general contractors communicate with subcontractors and may learn the management skills they need to run their own company.

Experience in the construction industry as well as references from customers, business partners, or former employers are demanded. Some jurisdictions require candidates to provide proof of financing to own their own general contracting firm.

General Contractors often run their own business. They hire subcontractors to complete specialized construction work and may manage a team of plumbers, electricians, bricklayers, carpenters, iron workers, technicians, handymans, architects and roofers. General Contractors build their business by networking with potential clients, buying basic construction tools, and ensuring that their subcontractors complete high-quality work. General Contractors do not usually complete much construction work themselves, but they need to be familiar with construction techniques so they can manage workers effectively. Other reasons include access to specialist skills, flexible hiring and firing, and lower costs.

General contractor example

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A property owner or real estate developer develops a program of their needs and selects a site (often with an architect). The architect assembles a design team of consulting engineers and other experts to design the building and specify the building systems. Today contractors frequently participate on the design team by providing pre-design services such as providing estimations of the budget and scheduling requirements to improve the economy of the project. In other cases, the general contractor is hired at the close of the design phase. The owner, architect, and general contractor work closely together to meet deadlines and budget. The general contractor works with subcontractors to ensure quality standards; subcontractors specialise in areas such as electrical wiring, plumbing, masonry, etc.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Davies, Nikolas, and Erkki Jokiniemi. Architect's illustrated pocket dictionary. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2011. 289. Print.
  2. ^ "Collins Dictionary".
  3. ^ "Merriam-Webster".
  4. ^ "Builder vs. Construction Manager".
  5. ^ Hendrickson, Chris. & Au, Tung (2000), The Design and Construction Process. Project Management for Construction: Fundamental Concepts for Owners, Engineers, Architects and Builders, chapter 3
  6. ^ "What's the difference between a developer and a builder?". Chicago Tribune. 2005-01-23. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  7. ^ Shekhar, R. K. (2005), Academic Dictionary of Architecture, Delhi: Isha Books, 69
  8. ^ Law Insider Inc., Preferred Contractor(s definition [sic], accessed 21 March 2023
  9. ^ Allen, Edward, & Iano Joseph (2009). Fundamentals of Building Construction Materials and Methods. 5th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
  10. ^ Joint Contracts Tribunal, Intermediate Building Contract with contractor’s design (ICD), current edition 2019, accessed 7 July 2021
  11. ^ "About NAHB". www.nahb.org. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  12. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1.
  13. ^ Carril & Duggan 2020.
  14. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1, Note 5.

Sources

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