Professional Home Renovators Surrey

Professional Home Renovators Surrey

Plumbing upgrades

That's why we're committed to efficient timelines and transparent costings. At Canyon Property Projects, we're not just about fresh coats of paint and new fixtures; we're about reimagining your living space with innovations that blend style, efficiency, and sustainability. After reimagining your kitchen, consider how a full-scale renovation by Canyon Property Projects can transform your entire home into a masterpiece of design and comfort. Learn more about Professional Home Renovators Surrey here Our project management ensures a seamless process, minimizing disruptions to your daily life.
They've mastered the art of plumbing, from simple repairs to complete system overhauls, ensuring your home's water systems operate flawlessly. First, their team's expertise spans across all aspects of home renovation.

Professional Home Renovators Surrey - Plumbing upgrades

  1. Mudroom design
  2. Permit and code compliance
  3. Experienced renovation team Surrey
  4. Bedroom remodeling
  5. Basement finishing
  6. Energy-efficient renovations
  7. Walk-in shower installation
  8. Green home remodeling
  9. Surrey custom home upgrades
  10. Wall removal services
  11. Mudroom design
  12. Permit and code compliance
  13. Experienced renovation team Surrey
  14. Bedroom remodeling
  15. Basement finishing
  16. Energy-efficient renovations
  17. Walk-in shower installation
  18. Green home remodeling
Roofing and gutters Let these images inspire your next home project and imagine the possibilities.
Transform your bathroom into a sanctuary of comfort and style with Canyon Property's expert upgrade solutions. We pride ourselves on a meticulous approach to planning and execution. Learn more about Canyon Property Projects Ltd. here. As you seek to transform your living space, you'll find their unmatched expertise and wide range of services tailor-made for your renovation dreams.

Professional Home Renovators Surrey - Laundry room renovation

  • Mudroom design
  • Permit and code compliance
  • Experienced renovation team Surrey
  • Bedroom remodeling
  • Basement finishing
  • Energy-efficient renovations
  • Whole house renovation
  • Soundproofing renovation
  • Built-in storage solutions
  • Renovation cost estimates
  • Home theater installation
  • Home addition services
  • Exterior home renovation
  • Walk-in shower installation
  • Green home remodeling
  • Surrey custom home upgrades

Our goal is to create spaces that aren't only visually stunning but also functionally advanced. Residents have come to know that when they see the Canyon Property Projects sign, they're in for a service that's both professional and personalized. They listen carefully to your ideas and feedback throughout the process, adapting and evolving their approach to align with your changing needs and preferences.

From the initial consultation to the final walkthrough, you're involved in every step, ensuring that our work aligns perfectly with your desires and specifications. They finished ahead of schedule, and the results were beyond our dreams,' they shared. They're not just about updating a single room; they're here to revolutionize the way you live in your space. With us, you're not just getting a contractor; you're gaining a partner committed to bringing your vision to life with precision, quality, and care.

Ensure you understand the local regulations and obtain the necessary permits before starting any work. That's why they're dedicated to creating environments that not only meet your practical needs but also reflect your personal style and comfort. Our commitment to excellence extends beyond the aesthetics, focusing on functionality and durability.

We've integrated eco-friendly materials and green building practices into every renovation project to ensure your home isn't only beautiful but also sustainable. Renovation cost estimates Choosing us means you're not just getting a contractor; you're partnering with professionals who genuinely care about bringing your dream home to life.

Professional Home Renovators Surrey - Exterior home renovation

  1. Permit and code compliance
  2. Experienced renovation team Surrey
  3. Bedroom remodeling
  4. Basement finishing
  5. Energy-efficient renovations
  6. Kitchen renovation
  7. Structural renovation
  8. Roofing and gutters
  9. Painting and wall finishes
  10. Laundry room renovation
  11. Sunroom addition
  12. Whole house renovation
  13. Soundproofing renovation
  14. Built-in storage solutions
  15. Renovation cost estimates
  16. Home theater installation
  17. Home addition services
  18. Exterior home renovation
  19. Walk-in shower installation
Another mistake is neglecting proper planning.

But what sets them apart isn't just their ability to renovate homes-it's their commitment to sustainable building practices and building a legacy within the community. With Canyon Property, you're not just renovating your house; you're creating a home that's tailor-made just for you. Home theater installation By staying ahead of industry trends and employing innovative solutions, they ensure your project not only meets but surpasses modern standards.

Citations and other links

Home Remodeling and Renovation Professional Home Renovators Surrey

From architects and designers who sketch your dreams onto paper to the craftsmen and builders who turn those sketches into reality, every member plays a crucial role. Choosing Canyon Property Projects means you're opting for a hassle-free renovation experience characterized by reliability, efficiency, and outstanding results. That's why we offer transparent pricing and realistic timelines from the outset. This layout not only maximizes your space but also fosters a more connected living environment. Jenny, who'd her entire home renovated, mentions, 'The attention to detail and the seamless integration of sustainable materials blew us away.

Our experience spans across all facets of home renovation, ensuring that your vision comes to life in ways that exceed your expectations. You'll be kept in the loop every step of the way, ensuring there are no surprises. Canyon Property doesn't just talk the talk; they walk the walk. They're not just renovators; they're your neighbors, committed to enhancing the community one project at a time.

Professional Home Renovators Surrey - Structural renovation

  1. Green home remodeling
  2. Surrey custom home upgrades
  3. Wall removal services
  4. Mudroom design
  5. Permit and code compliance
  6. Experienced renovation team Surrey
  7. Bedroom remodeling
  8. Basement finishing
  9. Energy-efficient renovations
  10. Structural renovation
  11. Roofing and gutters
  12. Painting and wall finishes
  13. Laundry room renovation
  14. Sunroom addition
  15. Whole house renovation
  16. Soundproofing renovation
  17. Built-in storage solutions


It's not just about a makeover; it's about creating a space that reflects your personality and meets your lifestyle needs. Choosing Canyon Property Projects means you're opting for a team that values excellence in project management as much as you value your home. If you're intrigued by the prospect of elevating your home with innovative and thoughtful designs, you'll want to discover more about how Canyon Property Projects Ltd can bring your vision to life. Our team understands the importance of not only making your home look good but ensuring it functions well too.

To guarantee your satisfaction, Canyon Property Projects Ltd. employs a thorough consultation process before any work begins. You're not just another client; you're a partner in the creative process. They're also keen on energy efficiency, installing LED lighting, high-efficiency heating systems, and double-glazed windows to keep your home warm in winter and cool in summer, slashing your energy bills and reducing your carbon footprint. Throughout the renovation, you'll be in constant communication with our project manager, keeping you updated on progress and any adjustments needed along the way.

Home Remodeling and Renovation Professional Home Renovators Surrey
Exterior Home Improvement Professional Home Renovators Surrey

Exterior Home Improvement Professional Home Renovators Surrey

Canyon Property Projects deeply values its role in the Professional Home Renovators Surrey community, actively participating in local initiatives to strengthen neighborhood bonds and enhance the area's overall well-being.

Professional Home Renovators Surrey - Painting and wall finishes

  • Wall removal services
  • Mudroom design
  • Permit and code compliance
  • Experienced renovation team Surrey
  • Bedroom remodeling
  • Basement finishing
  • Energy-efficient renovations
  • Renovation cost estimates
  • Home theater installation
  • Home addition services
  • Exterior home renovation
  • Walk-in shower installation
  • Green home remodeling
  • Surrey custom home upgrades
  • Wall removal services
  • Mudroom design
  • Permit and code compliance
  • Experienced renovation team Surrey
  • Bedroom remodeling
  • Basement finishing
They're flexible, ready to adjust plans as new ideas come to light or challenges arise. Now that we've explored your financing options, let's tackle the challenges you might face during your home renovation project with Canyon Property Projects. Our aim is to minimize disruptions to your daily life, completing the project efficiently and to the highest quality.

Getting started with Canyon isn't just about kicking off a project; it's about laying the foundation for a trusted partnership. Hearing directly from satisfied clients, you'll understand why Canyon Property Projects stands out in Professional Home Renovators Surrey for top-notch renovation services. This isn't just about seeing your space; it's about experiencing it.

Before a single tool is picked up, we sit down with you to understand your desires, needs, and the functionalities you envision for your space. Walk-in shower installation Hearing directly from satisfied customers, you'll quickly realize why Canyon Property is the go-to choice for eco-conscious home renovations in Professional Home Renovators Surrey. Laundry room renovation Our team specializes in custom renovations, ensuring each project is tailored to meet your specific needs and preferences.

You're involved in the decision-making process from start to finish. Whether it's a dream kitchen that caters to your culinary adventures, a bathroom that serves as a spa-like retreat, or a living room that perfectly balances style and comfort, custom renovations allow you to bring these visions to life. Embarking on your renovation journey with Canyon Property Projects is a straightforward process designed to meet your specific needs.

House Remodeling Experts Professional Home Renovators Surrey

Lastly, overlooking the need for permits can lead to significant issues. Whole house renovation You're not just getting builders; you're partnering with seasoned designers, architects, and craftsmen who understand the nuances of creating a space that's both beautiful and functional. They're mindful of water conservation too, recommending fixtures that reduce water usage without sacrificing functionality. Structural renovation That's why they're committed to installing high-quality, durable materials that stand the test of time.

Whether it's modernizing the living areas with state-of-the-art technology or turning your bathroom into a spa-like retreat, they've got the expertise to make it happen.

House Remodeling Experts Professional Home Renovators Surrey
Professional Home Renovators Surrey Home Renovation Specialists
Professional Home Renovators Surrey Home Renovation Specialists

We're looking for anything that might affect the renovation, from structural issues to potential enhancements. You'll appreciate the way they prioritize understanding your vision. You've likely noticed the buzz surrounding their innovative approach, which seamlessly blends unique design philosophies with unparalleled craftsmanship. From the outset, they're all ears, keen to grasp every detail of what you envision for your space. You're benefiting from years of experience that span a wide range of renovation projects, big and small. Painting and wall finishes
We understand that your home is a reflection of you, which is why we're dedicated to not just meeting, but exceeding your renovation expectations. As you imagine a future where your home evolves with your lifestyle, Canyon Property Projects offers the first step towards making that vision a reality. Let's explore together how Canyon Property Projects could be the missing piece in turning your property dreams into reality. With Canyon Property Projects, you can tap into these trends and more, creating a home that's not just updated, but truly yours.
Their approach intertwines expert project management with a team of skilled professionals, ensuring every detail is meticulously crafted. Hearing directly from satisfied customers, you'll discover how Canyon Property Projects has transformed their homes and exceeded expectations. Our aim is to deliver exceptional results that exceed your expectations without any hidden costs or delays. She's got an eye for aesthetics that's unmatched, blending colors, textures, and lighting to create spaces that aren't just beautiful but feel like they're truly yours. Read more about Professional Home Renovators Surrey here
Whether you're looking to enhance your curb appeal with a new deck or patio or need comprehensive landscaping services, we've got you covered. It's about transparency, communication, and collaboration. Exploring the latest trends in home renovation can inspire you to customize your space with Canyon Property Projects. Don't forget to check out their social media profiles.

Discounted Renovation Services Professional Home Renovators Surrey

Their project management approach isn't just about keeping things on track. In the world of home renovations, finding a balance between expertise and innovation can often feel like a quest for a mythical creature, yet Canyon Property Projects stands as a beacon of reliability in Professional Home Renovators Surrey, bringing a fresh perspective to traditional home makeover needs. It's all about making sure you're comfortable and confident with the plan before any work begins. Soundproofing renovation From the initial design process to the unveiling of innovative solutions by their expert team, they redefine the concept of customization in home renovation.
This is where you'll share your vision, needs, and the budget you're working with.

Professional Home Renovators Surrey - Structural renovation

  1. Plumbing upgrades
  2. Vanity replacement
  3. Kitchen renovation
  4. Structural renovation
  5. Roofing and gutters
  6. Painting and wall finishes
  7. Laundry room renovation
  8. Sunroom addition
  9. Whole house renovation
  10. Soundproofing renovation
  11. Built-in storage solutions
  12. Renovation cost estimates
  13. Home theater installation
  14. Home addition services
  15. Exterior home renovation
  16. Walk-in shower installation
  17. Green home remodeling
  18. Surrey custom home upgrades
  19. Wall removal services
  20. Mudroom design
We're here to navigate the complexities of sourcing the right components that embody your style and meet functional needs. Emma, a recent client, added, 'Their communication throughout the process was outstanding.
They listen to your needs, preferences, and concerns, ensuring that every aspect of the project aligns with your vision. Canyon Property Projects Ltd. understands that every homeowner in Professional Home Renovators Surrey has unique tastes and lifestyle requirements. Whether you're looking for a sleek, modern kitchen, a spa-like bathroom retreat, or a complete home makeover, they're ready to deliver.
They go deeper, sourcing materials that are both sustainable and locally available, cutting down on transportation emissions and supporting the local economy. Jumping into renovations without a detailed plan can lead to delays and cost overruns.

Professional Home Renovators Surrey - Kitchen renovation

  1. Experienced renovation team Surrey
  2. Bedroom remodeling
  3. Basement finishing
  4. Energy-efficient renovations
  5. Exterior home renovation
  6. Walk-in shower installation
  7. Green home remodeling
  8. Surrey custom home upgrades
  9. Wall removal services
  10. Mudroom design
  11. Permit and code compliance
  12. Experienced renovation team Surrey
  13. Bedroom remodeling
  14. Basement finishing
  15. Energy-efficient renovations
  16. Exterior home renovation
  17. Walk-in shower installation
  18. Green home remodeling
  19. Surrey custom home upgrades
  20. Wall removal services
From the initial concept to the final touches, our tailored design solutions are about making your home uniquely yours.

Explore Professional Home Renovators Surrey here
Discounted Renovation Services Professional Home Renovators Surrey
Polybutylene
Names
Other names
polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1
Identifiers
ChemSpider
  • none
ECHA InfoCard 100.111.056 Edit this at Wikidata
Properties
(C4H8)n
Density 0.95 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)[1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
1-butene (monomer)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Polybutylene (polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1) is a polyolefin or saturated polymer with the chemical formula (CH2CH(Et))n. Not be confused with polybutene, PB-1 is mainly used in piping.[2]

Production

[edit]

Polybutylene is produced by polymerisation of 1-butene using supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts.

Catalysts

[edit]

Isotactic PB-1 is produced commercially using two types of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts.[3] The first type of catalyst contains two components, a solid pre-catalyst, the δ-crystalline form of TiCl3, and solution of an organoaluminum cocatalyst, such as Al(C2H5)3. The second type of pre-catalyst is supported. The active ingredient in the catalyst is TiCl4 and the support is microcrystalline MgCl2. These catalysts also contain special modifiers, organic compounds belonging to the classes of esters or ethers. The pre-catalysts are activated by combinations of organoaluminum compounds and other types of organic or organometallic modifiers. Two most important technological advantages of the supported catalysts are high productivity and a high fraction of the crystalline isotactic polymer they produce at 70–80 °C under standard polymerization conditions.[4][5][6]

Characteristics

[edit]

PB-1 is a high molecular weight, linear, isotactic, and semi-crystalline polymer. PB-1 combines typical characteristics of conventional polyolefins with certain properties of technical polymers.

PB-1, when applied as a pure or reinforced resin, can replace materials like metal, rubber and engineering polymers. It is also used synergistically as a blend element to modify the characteristics of other polyolefins like polypropylene and polyethylene. Because of its specific properties it is mainly used in pressure piping, flexible packaging, water heaters, compounding and hot melt adhesives.

Heated up to 190 °C and above, PB-1 can easily be compression moulded, injection moulded, blown to hollow parts, extruded, and welded. It does not tend to crack due to stress.[dubiousdiscuss] Because of its crystalline structure and high molecular weight, PB-1 has good resistance to hydrostatic pressure, showing very low creep even at elevated temperatures.[7] It is flexible, resists impact well and has good elastic recovery.[3][8]

Isotactic polybutylene crystallizes in three different forms. Crystallization from solution yields form-III with the melting point of 106.5 °C. Cooling from the melt results in the form II which has melting point of 124 °C and density of 0.89 g/cm3. At room temperature, it spontaneously converts into the form-I with the melting point of 135 °C and density of 0.95 g/cm3.[1]

PB-1 generally resists chemicals such as detergents, oils, fats, acids, bases, alcohol, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons and hot polar solutions (including water).[3] It shows lower resistance to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons as well as oxidising acids than other polymers such as polysulfone and polyamide 6/6.[7] Additional features include excellent wet abrasion resistance, easy melt flowability (shear thinning), and good dispersion of fillers. It is compatible with polypropylene, ethylene propylene rubbers, and thermoplastic elastomers.

Some properties:[7]

Application areas

[edit]

Piping systems

[edit]

The main use of PB-1 is in flexible pressure piping systems for hot and cold drinking water distribution, pre-insulated district heating networks and surface heating and cooling systems. ISO 15876 defines the performance requirements of PB-1 piping systems.[9] PB-1's most notable characteristics are weldability, temperature resistance, flexibility and high hydrostatic pressure resistance. The material can be classified PB 125 with a minimum required strength (MRS) of 12.5 MPa. Other features include low noise transmission, low linear thermal expansion, no corrosion and calcification.

PB-1 piping systems are no longer being sold in North America (see "Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage", below). The overall market share in Europe and Asia is rather small but PB-1 piping systems have shown a steady growth in recent years. In certain domestic markets, e.g. Kuwait, the United Kingdom, Korea and Spain, PB-1 piping systems have a strong position.[8]

Plastic packaging

[edit]

Several PB-1 grades are commercially available for various applications and conversion technologies (blown film, cast film, extrusion coating). There are two main fields of application:

  • Peelable easy-to-open packaging where PB-1 is used as blend component predominantly in polyethylene to tailor peel strength and peel quality, mainly in alimentary consumer packaging and medical packaging.
  • Lowering seal initiation temperature (SIT) of high speed packaging polypropylene based films. Blending PB-1 into polypropylene, heat sealing temperatures as low as 65 °C can be achieved, maintaining a broad sealing window and good optical film properties.

Hot melt adhesives

[edit]

PB-1 is compatible with a wide range of tackifier resins. It offers high cohesive and adhesive strength and helps tailoring the "open time" of the adhesive (up to 30 minutes) because of its slow crystallisation kinetics. It improves the thermal stability and the viscosity of the adhesive.[10]

Compounding and masterbatches

[edit]

PB-1 accepts very high filler loadings in excess of 70%. In combination with its low melting point it can be employed in halogen-free flame retardant composites or as masterbatch carrier for thermo-sensitive pigments. PB-1 disperses easily in other polyolefins, and at low concentration, acts as processing aid reducing torque and/or increasing throughput.

Thermal insulation

[edit]

PB-1 can be foamed.[11] The use of PB-1 foam as thermal insulation is of great advantage for district heating pipes, since the number of materials in the sandwich structure is reduced to one, facilitating its recycling.[12]

Other applications

[edit]

Other applications include domestic water heaters, electrical insulation, compression packaging, wire and cable, shoe soles, and polyolefin modification (thermal bonding, enhancing softness and flexibility of rigid compounds, increasing temperature resistance and compression set of soft compounds).

Environmental longevity

[edit]

Plumbing and heating systems made from PB-1 have been used in Europe and Asia for more than 30 years. First reference projects in district heating and floor heating systems in Germany and Austria from the early 1970s are still in operation today.[8]

One example is the installation of PB-1 pipes in the Vienna Geothermal Project (1974) where aggressive geothermal water is distributed at a service temperature of 54 °C and 10 bar pressure. Other pipe materials in the same installation failed or corroded and had been replaced in the meantime.[8]

International standards set minimum performance requirements for pipes made from PB-1 used in hot water applications. Standardized extrapolation methods predict lifetimes in excess of 50 years at 70 °C and 10 bar.[8]

Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage

[edit]

Polybutylene plumbing was used in several million homes built in the United States from around 1978 to 1997. Problems with leaks and broken pipes led to a class action lawsuit, Cox v. Shell Oil, that was settled for $1 billion.[13][14] The leaks were associated with degradation of polybutylene exposed to chlorinated water.[15]

Polybutylene water pipes are no longer accepted by the United States building codes and have been the subject[16] of class action lawsuits in both Canada and the U.S.[17][18] The National Plumbing Code of Canada 1995 listed polybutylene piping as acceptable for use with the exception of recirculation plumbing. The piping was removed from the acceptable for use list in the 2005 issue of the standard.[19]

In Australia in March 2023, the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety reported that Australian homes built in 2019-2020 that had used a certain brand of polybutylene piping, had become the subject of an enquiry due to the significance of water leaks reported.[20][21]

There is evidence to suggest that the presence of chlorine and chloramine compounds in municipal water (often deliberately added to retard bacterial growth) will cause deterioration of the internal chemical structure of polybutylene piping and the associated acetal fittings.[22] The reaction with chlorinated water appears to be greatly accelerated by tensile stress, and is most often observed in material under highest mechanical stress such as at fittings, sharp bends, and kinks. Localized stress whitening of the material generally accompanies and precedes decomposition of the polymer. In extreme cases, this stress-activated chemical "corrosion" can lead to perforation and leakage within a few years, but it also may not fail for decades. Fittings with a soft compression seal can give adequate service life.[further explanation needed]

Because the chemical reaction of the water with the pipe occurs inside the pipe, it is often difficult to assess the extent of deterioration. The problem can cause both slow leaks and pipe bursting without any previous warning indication. The only long-term solution is to completely replace the polybutylene plumbing throughout the entire building.[23]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Mark Alger, Mark S. M. Alger (1997). Polymer science dictionary. Springer. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-412-60870-4.
  2. ^ Whiteley, Kenneth S.; Heggs, T. Geoffrey; Koch, Hartmut; Mawer, Ralph L.; Immel, Wolfgang (2000). "Polyolefins". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_487. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  3. ^ a b c d Charles A. Harper (2006). Handbook of plastics technologies: the complete guide to properties and performance. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-07-146068-2.
  4. ^ Hwo, Charles C.; Watkins, Larry K. Laminated film with improved tear strength, European Patent Application EP0459742, Publication date 12/04/1991
  5. ^ Boo-Deuk Kim et al. (2008) U.S. patent 7,442,489
  6. ^ Shimizu, Akihiko; Itakura, Keisuke; Otsu, Takayuki; Imoto, Minoru (1969). "Monomer-isomerization polymerization. VI. Isomerizations of butene-2 with TiCl3 or Al(C2H5)3–TiCl3 catalyst". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 7 (11): 3119. Bibcode:1969JPoSA...7.3119S. doi:10.1002/pol.1969.150071108.
  7. ^ a b c d Freeman, Andrew; Mantell, Susan C.; Davidson, Jane H. (2005). "Mechanical performance of polysulfone, polybutylene, and polyamide 6/6 in hot chlorinated water". Solar Energy. 79 (6): 624–37. Bibcode:2005SoEn...79..624F. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2005.07.003.
  8. ^ a b c d e Polybutylene Archived November 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ ISO 15876-1:2003 iso.org
  10. ^ T.E. Rolando (1998). Solvent-Free Adhesives. iSmithers Rapra. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-85957-133-0.
  11. ^ Doyle, Lucía (2022-03-20). "Extrusion foaming behavior of polybutene-1. Toward single-material multifunctional sandwich structures". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 139 (12). doi:10.1002/app.51816. ISSN 0021-8995.
  12. ^ Doyle Gutierrez, Lucia (2022-12-02). A Circular Economy Approach to Multifunctional Sandwich Structures: Polymeric Foams for District Heating Pre-Insulated Pipes (Thesis thesis). HafenCity Universität Hamburg. doi:10.34712/142.35.
  13. ^ Hensler, Deborah R.; Pace, Nicholas M.; Dombey-Moore, Bonita; Giddens, Beth; Gross, Jennifer; Moller, Erik K. (2000). "Polybutylene Plumbing Pipes Litigation: Cox v. Shell Oil". In Hensler, Deborah R. (ed.). Class action dilemmas: pursuing public goals for private gain. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Institute for Civil Justice. pp. 375–98. ISBN 978-0-8330-2601-9.
  14. ^ Schneider, Martin (November 21, 1999). "Pipe problem getting fixed". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2012-06-04. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  15. ^ Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Assessing material performance in chlorinated potable water applications" (PDF). Book Institute of Materials. 759: 863–72. ISSN 1366-5510. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2010-07-30. also published as: Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Chlorine resistance testing of cross-linked polyethylene piping materials". ANTEC 2001 Proceedings. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 2833–9. ISBN 978-1-58716-098-1.
  16. ^ Pipe dream is nightmare for many, Miami Herald - September 12, 1993
  17. ^ "DuPont USA Settlement of the Canadian Class Action Lawsuits". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  18. ^ Polybutylene Plumbing Pipe Leak Relief
  19. ^ "Polybutylene (Poly-B) Pressure Water Piping" (PDF). municipalaffairs.alberta.ca. Government of Alberta. 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2019-09-09.
  20. ^ "Information for owners of new homes with polybutylene plumbing pipes" (PDF). commerce.wa.gov.au. March 21, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  21. ^ Batajtis, Damian (27 March 2023). "Comprehensive Guide to polybutylene Piping Issues and Solutions in Australia". Wizard Leak Detection. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  22. ^ Cause of failure in polybutylene pipe & acetal fittings http://www.polybutylene.com/poly.html
  23. ^ "Polybutylene Piping". PropEx.com. Archived from the original on 2015-08-29. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

Further reading

[edit]

A contractor[1][2] (North American English) or builder (British English),[3][4] is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.[5]

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.[6]

Description

[edit]

A general contractor is a construction manager employed by a client, usually upon the advice of the project's architect or engineer.[7] General Contractors are mainly responsible for the overall coordination of a project and may also act as building designer and construction foreman (a tradesman in charge of a crew).

A general contractor must first assess the project-specific documents (referred to as a bid, proposal, or tender documents). In the case of renovations, a site visit is required to get a better understanding of the project. Depending on the project delivery method, the general contractor will submit a fixed price proposal or bid, cost-plus price or an estimate. The general contractor considers the cost of home office overhead, general conditions, materials, and equipment, as well as the cost of labor, to provide the owner with a price for the project.

Contract documents may include drawings, project manuals (including general, supplementary, or special conditions and specifications), and addendum or modifications issued prior to proposal/bidding and prepared by a design professional, such as an architect.The general contractor may also assume the role of construction manager, responsible for overseeing the project while assuming financial and legal risks.There are several types of risks can occur include cost overruns, delays, and liabilities related to safety or contract breaches.

Prior to formal appointment, the selected general contractor to whom a client proposes to award a contract is often referred to as a "preferred contractor".[8]

Responsibilities

[edit]

A general contractor is responsible for providing all of the material, labor, equipment (such as heavy equipment and tools) and services necessary for the construction of the project. A general contractor often hires specialized subcontractors to perform all or portions of the construction work. When using subcontractors, the general contractor is responsible for overseeing the quality of all work performed by any and all of the workers and subcontractors.

It is a best practice for general contractors to prioritize safety on the job site, and they are generally responsible for ensuring that work takes place following safe practices.

A general contractor's responsibilities may include applying for building permits, advising the person they are hired by, securing the property, providing temporary utilities on site, managing personnel on site, providing site surveying and engineering, disposing or recycling of construction waste, monitoring schedules and cash flows, and maintaining accurate records.[9]

The general contractor may be responsible for some part of the design, referred to as the "contractor's design portion" (JCT terminology).[10]

United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Australia usage

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In the United Kingdom, Australia and some British Commonwealth countries, the term 'general contractor' was gradually superseded by builders during the early twentieth century.[citation needed] This was the term used by major professional, trade, and consumer organizations when issuing contracts for construction work, and thus the term 'general contractor' fell out of use except in large organizations where the main contractor is the top manager and a general contractor shares responsibilities with professional contractors.

General contractors who conduct work for government agencies are often referred to as "builders". This term is also used in contexts where the customer's immediate general contractor is permitted to sub-contract or circumstances are likely to involve sub-contracting to specialist operators e.g. in various public services.

United States and Asia usage

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In the United States and Asia, the terms general contractor (or simply "contractor"), prime contractor and main contractor are often interchangeable when referring to small local companies that perform residential work. These companies are represented by trade organizations such as the NAHB.[11]

Prime contractor

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Prime contractor is a term defined in the US law.[12][13] Statutory definitions of prime contract, prime contractor, subcontract, and subcontractor are in 41 U.S.C. § 8701.[14] The prime contractor term was already defined before the 8 March 1946 passage of An Act To eliminate the practice by subcontractors, under cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable contacts of the United States, of paying fees or kick-backs, or of granting gifts or gratuities to employees of a cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable prime contractors or of higher tier subcontractors for the purpose of securing the award of subcontracts or orders. (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 79–319, 60 Stat. 37)

Licensing requirements

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Licensing requirements to work legally on construction projects vary from locale to locale. In the United States, there are no federal licensing requirements to become a general contractor, but most US states require general contractors to obtain a local license to operate. It is the states' responsibility to define these requirements: for example, in the state of California, the requirements are stated as follows:

With a few exceptions, all businesses or individuals who work on any building, highway, road, parking facility, railroad, excavation, or other structure in California must be licensed by the California Contractors State License Board (CSLB) if the total cost of one or more contracts on the project is $500 or more.

In every state that requires a license, a surety bond is required as part of the licensing process, with the exception of Louisiana, where bonding requirements may vary in different parishes. Not all states require General Contractor licenses - these include Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, among others.

Licensing qualifications

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Some general contractors obtain bachelor's degrees in construction science, building science, surveying, construction safety, or other disciplines.

General Contractors often learn about different aspects of construction, including masonry, carpentry, framing, and plumbing. Aspiring general contractors communicate with subcontractors and may learn the management skills they need to run their own company.

Experience in the construction industry as well as references from customers, business partners, or former employers are demanded. Some jurisdictions require candidates to provide proof of financing to own their own general contracting firm.

General Contractors often run their own business. They hire subcontractors to complete specialized construction work and may manage a team of plumbers, electricians, bricklayers, carpenters, iron workers, technicians, handymans, architects and roofers. General Contractors build their business by networking with potential clients, buying basic construction tools, and ensuring that their subcontractors complete high-quality work. General Contractors do not usually complete much construction work themselves, but they need to be familiar with construction techniques so they can manage workers effectively. Other reasons include access to specialist skills, flexible hiring and firing, and lower costs.

General contractor example

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A property owner or real estate developer develops a program of their needs and selects a site (often with an architect). The architect assembles a design team of consulting engineers and other experts to design the building and specify the building systems. Today contractors frequently participate on the design team by providing pre-design services such as providing estimations of the budget and scheduling requirements to improve the economy of the project. In other cases, the general contractor is hired at the close of the design phase. The owner, architect, and general contractor work closely together to meet deadlines and budget. The general contractor works with subcontractors to ensure quality standards; subcontractors specialise in areas such as electrical wiring, plumbing, masonry, etc.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Davies, Nikolas, and Erkki Jokiniemi. Architect's illustrated pocket dictionary. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2011. 289. Print.
  2. ^ "Collins Dictionary".
  3. ^ "Merriam-Webster".
  4. ^ "Builder vs. Construction Manager".
  5. ^ Hendrickson, Chris. & Au, Tung (2000), The Design and Construction Process. Project Management for Construction: Fundamental Concepts for Owners, Engineers, Architects and Builders, chapter 3
  6. ^ "What's the difference between a developer and a builder?". Chicago Tribune. 2005-01-23. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  7. ^ Shekhar, R. K. (2005), Academic Dictionary of Architecture, Delhi: Isha Books, 69
  8. ^ Law Insider Inc., Preferred Contractor(s definition [sic], accessed 21 March 2023
  9. ^ Allen, Edward, & Iano Joseph (2009). Fundamentals of Building Construction Materials and Methods. 5th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
  10. ^ Joint Contracts Tribunal, Intermediate Building Contract with contractor’s design (ICD), current edition 2019, accessed 7 July 2021
  11. ^ "About NAHB". www.nahb.org. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  12. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1.
  13. ^ Carril & Duggan 2020.
  14. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1, Note 5.

Sources

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Frequently Asked Questions

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