House Improvement Contractors Surrey

House Improvement Contractors Surrey

Luxury home remodeling Surrey

After exploring the potential transformations in our Before and After Gallery, you might wonder how to finance your own renovation project. Whether you're dreaming of a modern, sleek design or a cozy, traditional space, their team of professionals works closely with you to bring those visions to life. The owners were thrilled, not just with the aesthetic upgrade but also with how we managed to reduce their energy bills significantly. Whether it's transforming a quaint living space into a modern oasis or revitalizing an old structure to meet contemporary standards, Canyon's success stories are a testament to their competitive pricing and deep community involvement.

House Improvement Contractors Surrey - Flooring installation

  1. Garage renovation
  2. Walk-in shower installation
  3. Home improvement services
  4. Surrey kitchen and bath renovations
  5. Fence and gate installation
  6. Home insulation upgrades
  7. Home gym remodeling
  8. Tile installation services
  9. Countertop installation
  10. Toilet installation
  11. Green home remodeling
  12. Entryway remodeling
  13. Home theater installation
  14. Interior remodeling
  15. Bedroom remodeling
  16. Garage conversion
You'll notice that our designs emphasize natural light, reducing the need for artificial lighting and further decreasing energy consumption. Learn more about House Improvement Contractors Surrey here
We don't just stop at the basics; we also offer custom carpentry, enabling unique additions that make your home truly yours. This step is crucial for aligning your dreams with the reality of the space and structural possibilities. Learn more about Canyon Property Projects Ltd. here. It's a solid option if you're looking for a straightforward, no-collateral-required solution. At Canyon Property Projects, we believe that exceptional project management is the backbone of every successful renovation.
You'll find that their approach to sustainability isn't a one-size-fits-all. You'll see a stunning array of homes that have gone from outdated or unremarkable to absolutely breathtaking. Once you give the green light, our team swings into action, obtaining necessary permits to ensure your project complies with local regulations and standards. If you've built up equity in your home, this can be a cost-effective way to borrow, often offering lower interest rates than personal loans or credit cards.
Their team of experienced designers listens to your ideas, preferences, and the specific requirements you have for your living space. Their clear communication and professionalism made the entire process stress-free.'Daniel T. highlights, 'The attention to detail in our bathroom renovation was exceptional. Living room renovation You've got a vision for your space, and we're here to ensure the financial side doesn't hold you back. It'll be a true reflection of you, making it a place where you'll love to live for years to come.

They use cutting-edge technology and eco-friendly practices to reduce water waste and save you money in the long run. Turning your dream home into a tangible reality starts with understanding the renovation process and setting clear, achievable goals. We're committed to integrating sustainable practices into every renovation, ensuring your project not only meets but surpasses environmental standards. You're encouraged to share your thoughts, adjustments, and preferences, making the process truly collaborative. Green home remodeling
Lighting also plays a crucial role, with LED strips and under-cabinet options creating ambiance and enhancing functionality. We also navigate the complexities of planning and permits, making the process as seamless as possible. Hardwood floor refinishing One homeowner couldn't believe the transformation, saying, 'Canyon Property Projects turned our outdated kitchen into a modern masterpiece.
This is where your feedback comes into play. Read more about House Improvement Contractors Surrey here That's why we've honed our project management process to ensure your journey is smooth, from concept to completion. Building on our commitment to high-quality craftsmanship, Canyon Property Projects offers a comprehensive range of services to turn your renovation dreams into reality.
They use only the finest materials and the latest techniques to ensure your renovation stands the test of time. Our approach includes recycling construction materials whenever possible, opting for sustainable wood and low-VOC paints. We tailor every element to suit your lifestyle, ensuring that the final layout is as practical as it is beautiful.



House Improvement Contractors Surrey - Entertainment room renovation

  1. Mudroom design
  2. Eco-friendly renovations
  3. Laundry room renovation
  4. Porch renovation
  5. Kitchen renovation
  6. Exterior siding replacement
  7. Affordable home remodeling Surrey
  8. Painting and wall finishes
  9. Drywall installation and repair
  10. Project management
  11. Accessible home design
  12. Plumbing upgrades
  13. Local home renovators Surrey
  14. Garage renovation
  15. Walk-in shower installation
  16. Home improvement services
  17. Surrey kitchen and bath renovations
  18. Fence and gate installation

Citations and other links

Home Makeovers House Improvement Contractors Surrey

Why settle for a one-size-fits-all approach when your home can reflect your personal style and needs through a tailored makeover? Regular updates keep you in the loop, ensuring the project stays on track and within budget. You're witnessing a revolution in home living, where traditional spaces are being reimagined into modern sanctuaries that cater not just to aesthetic desires but to practical needs as well. This collaborative process ensures the final outcome not only meets but exceeds your expectations.

In today's era, homeowners are increasingly prioritizing sustainable building practices, and Canyon Property Projects consistently meets this demand with eco-friendly solutions. As you contemplate giving your space a facelift or embarking on a more ambitious renovation journey, understanding what sets Canyon apart in an industry rife with tales of woe could be the first step towards a successful partnership. Luxury home remodeling Surrey We can replace windows, doors, and insulation to enhance your home's energy performance, saving you money in the long run and contributing to a healthier planet.

Her approach is collaborative, always keeping your vision at the forefront while introducing innovative design elements that push the boundaries of traditional home decor. We prioritize understanding your vision, ensuring the final outcome reflects your desires and lifestyle. You'll find that their testimonials reflect not just satisfaction but genuine appreciation for the work done.

Once you give the green light, your dream project moves from concept to reality, with Canyon guiding you at every step. They used sustainable materials that reduced our carbon footprint and still delivered top-notch quality. You'll find that their use of reclaimed or recycled materials doesn't compromise on quality or aesthetics.

Home Makeovers House Improvement Contractors Surrey
Residential Home Makeover House Improvement Contractors Surrey

Residential Home Makeover House Improvement Contractors Surrey

Moving beyond custom solutions, we also embrace innovative design approaches to elevate your home renovation project. We understand that your home is more than just a place to live; it's a reflection of your personal style and a sanctuary for your family. Their team is a blend of seasoned professionals, each bringing a wealth of experience and a keen eye for detail to your project. Plus, their email is always open for inquiries, allowing you to get detailed information at your own pace.

It's easy to get caught up in the excitement of design possibilities, but it's crucial to have a realistic budget and include a contingency fund for unexpected expenses. In House Improvement Contractors Surrey, a wave of innovative home renovations is transforming how residents live, elevating both style and functionality to new heights. Home gym remodeling Canyon Property Projects lists their phone number prominently on their site.

You'll find that our team doesn't just manage tasks; we anticipate challenges, communicate proactively, and adapt swiftly to any changes, ensuring minimal disruption to your daily life. Our team employs advanced insulation techniques and energy-efficient windows to lower your home's energy consumption. It's not just about the before and after; it's about understanding the journey between.

With Canyon Property Projects, you're not just renovating your home; you're creating the space you've always dreamed of. They're adept at navigating the challenges that often accompany renovations, ensuring smooth transitions from one phase to the next. They used sustainable materials and stayed on schedule and budget, a rarity in renovations.

Window replacement

House Improvement Contractors Surrey Home Upgrades

Unlike the one-size-fits-all solutions you might find elsewhere, they dive deep into understanding what you envision for your home. Just as a single stone can start an avalanche, Canyon Property Projects Ltd.

House Improvement Contractors Surrey - Custom home remodeling

  1. Kitchen renovation
  2. Exterior siding replacement
  3. Affordable home remodeling Surrey
  4. Painting and wall finishes
  5. Drywall installation and repair
  6. Project management
  7. Accessible home design
  8. Plumbing upgrades
  9. Local home renovators Surrey
  10. Garage renovation
  11. Walk-in shower installation
  12. Home improvement services
  13. Surrey kitchen and bath renovations
  14. Fence and gate installation
  15. Home insulation upgrades
  16. Toilet installation
has initiated a seismic shift in House Improvement Contractors Surrey's home renovation landscape. Deciding on Canyon Property Projects for your home renovation means choosing a partner committed to bringing your vision to life with excellence and precision. We're also keen on incorporating energy-efficient fixtures and appliances that save you money in the long run while protecting the environment.

We provide regular updates and are always available to answer your questions. Next, Canyon's team will schedule a visit to your property. Moreover, Canyon Property prioritizes transparent communication.

House Improvement Contractors Surrey - Hardwood floor refinishing

  • Fireplace remodeling
  • Vanity replacement
  • Basement waterproofing
  • Surrey renovation project planning
  • Lighting upgrades
  • Foundation repair
  • Backsplash installation
  • Electrical renovations
  • Whole house renovation
  • Home office renovation
  • Surrey home renovation company
  • Bathroom tile renovation
  • Custom design-build services
  • Landscaping and hardscaping
  • Financing options for renovation
  • Home renovation
  • Basement suite construction
  • Staircase renovation


With each renovation, you're not just improving your living space; you're also enhancing your quality of life, making your home not just a place to live, but a place to thrive.

House Improvement Contractors Surrey - Green home remodeling

  1. Home insulation upgrades
  2. Interior remodeling
  3. Bedroom remodeling
  4. Garage conversion
  5. Home remodeling consultation
  6. Surrey custom home upgrades
  7. Trusted renovation contractors Surrey
  8. Exterior painting
  9. Soundproofing renovation
  10. Renovation cost estimates
  11. Experienced renovation team Surrey
  12. Fireplace remodeling
  13. Vanity replacement
  14. Basement waterproofing
  15. Surrey renovation project planning
We're talking about reclaimed wood that adds character to your space, low-VOC paints that keep the air quality in your home pristine, and energy-efficient lighting that cuts down on your utility bills. Canyon Property Projects has recently broadened its array of services, promising to cater to a more diverse set of home renovation requirements.

But what really sets Canyon Property apart is their commitment to quality and detail. Our project managers are seasoned experts, each with a deep understanding of both the technical and human elements of home renovation. They've taken a hands-on approach to make a difference, whether it's by sponsoring local sports teams, participating in charity events, or offering their expertise to help with community-led improvement projects.

House Improvement Contractors Surrey Home Upgrades
Kitchen and Bathroom Renovation House Improvement Contractors Surrey
Kitchen and Bathroom Renovation House Improvement Contractors Surrey

Understanding your project's unique demands, Canyon Property Projects implements a tailored project management approach to ensure your renovation dreams are realized efficiently and effectively. You're kept in the loop with regular updates and clear timelines, making the renovation process as stress-free as possible. The future of home customization promises limitless possibilities, allowing you to tailor every aspect of your living space to suit your unique needs and preferences. You're not just hiring a team; you're partnering with professionals who bring years of experience and a passion for excellence to every project. Interior remodeling From smart appliances that save time and energy to digital assistants that help with recipes and reminders, your kitchen becomes an efficient and enjoyable place to spend time in.

This collaboration ensures that the end result is as unique as you are, perfectly suited to your tastes and functional needs.

House Improvement Contractors Surrey - Tile installation services

  • Soaking tub installation
  • Bathroom renovation
  • Interior painting
  • Basement finishing
  • Mudroom design
  • Eco-friendly renovations
  • Laundry room renovation
  • Porch renovation
  • Kitchen renovation
  • Exterior siding replacement
  • Affordable home remodeling Surrey
  • Painting and wall finishes
  • Drywall installation and repair
  • Project management
  • Accessible home design
  • Plumbing upgrades
  • Local home renovators Surrey
Imagine your home in House Improvement Contractors Surrey as a diamond in the rough, holding untold potential that only needs the expert touch of Canyon Property Projects to truly shine. Having explored our commitment to sustainability, let's now walk you through the steps involved in our renovation process. But what sets them apart isn't just their craftsmanship-it's their approach to each project, ensuring every detail reflects the homeowner's vision and needs.

We're not just living in a more beautiful home, but a more environmentally conscious one too.'What stands out in these testimonials is the consistent mention of Canyon Property Projects Ltd's commitment to their clients' visions and the planet's well-being. This approach not only improves your living environment but also supports your well-being. You'll find their team eager to discuss your project, whether you're contemplating a simple update or a comprehensive remodel. At Canyon Property Projects, we're committed to integrating sustainable practices into every renovation, ensuring your project not only looks great but also benefits the environment. Toilet installation

Transparency is key, so you'll never be left in the dark about the progress of your renovation. Properly insulating your home means your heating and cooling systems don't have to work as hard, saving energy and money in the long run. That's what they're bringing to homes across House Improvement Contractors Surrey. Custom renovations offer a unique opportunity to tailor your home to your specific needs and preferences, ensuring every detail aligns with your vision.

Inexpensive Renovation Contractors House Improvement Contractors Surrey

Whether it's a luxurious walk-in shower, a statement-making vanity, or ambient lighting that sets the perfect mood, they've got the skills to bring your dream bathroom to life. With a keen eye for detail, their team ensures every tile, fixture, and feature aligns perfectly with your preferences and the latest trends. You're also thinking about functionality, improving the flow of your home, and incorporating smart technology that enhances your day-to-day living. They stand out in the crowded market for several compelling reasons. After reading the glowing testimonials, you might be wondering how to embark on your own renovation journey with Canyon Property.
We meticulously oversee every detail, ensuring the workmanship meets our exacting standards-and yours. Communication is key. Entertainment room renovation Our team then crafts a design plan tailored just for you, incorporating your feedback and preferences at every step. Each photo tells a story of spaces reborn, highlighting our commitment to sustainable building practices and innovative design.
They then use this insight to create a customized design plan that not only meets but exceeds your expectations. By merging innovative design with practical solutions, they ensure that the end result isn't only beautiful but also functional. This approach builds trust and ensures that your project aligns with your expectations and budget. Canyon Property Projects does just that, with a commitment to excellence that's evident in every job they undertake.
Share your inspirations, timelines, and budget right from the start. Tile installation services You can trust them to handle every detail with precision, from securing the necessary permits to coordinating with skilled tradespeople. From the initial consultation to the final walkthrough, you're involved in every step, ensuring that your needs and preferences shape the project's direction. You'll soon be able to control and adjust every element of your house, from the wall colors and lighting to the layout, with just a few clicks on your smartphone or voice commands.

Explore House Improvement Contractors Surrey here
Inexpensive Renovation Contractors House Improvement Contractors Surrey
Polybutylene
Names
Other names
polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1
Identifiers
ChemSpider
  • none
ECHA InfoCard 100.111.056 Edit this at Wikidata
Properties
(C4H8)n
Density 0.95 g/cm3[1]
Melting point 135 °C (275 °F; 408 K)[1]
Related compounds
Related compounds
1-butene (monomer)
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Polybutylene (polybutene-1, poly(1-butene), PB-1) is a polyolefin or saturated polymer with the chemical formula (CH2CH(Et))n. Not be confused with polybutene, PB-1 is mainly used in piping.[2]

Production

[edit]

Polybutylene is produced by polymerisation of 1-butene using supported Ziegler–Natta catalysts.

Catalysts

[edit]

Isotactic PB-1 is produced commercially using two types of heterogeneous Ziegler–Natta catalysts.[3] The first type of catalyst contains two components, a solid pre-catalyst, the δ-crystalline form of TiCl3, and solution of an organoaluminum cocatalyst, such as Al(C2H5)3. The second type of pre-catalyst is supported. The active ingredient in the catalyst is TiCl4 and the support is microcrystalline MgCl2. These catalysts also contain special modifiers, organic compounds belonging to the classes of esters or ethers. The pre-catalysts are activated by combinations of organoaluminum compounds and other types of organic or organometallic modifiers. Two most important technological advantages of the supported catalysts are high productivity and a high fraction of the crystalline isotactic polymer they produce at 70–80 °C under standard polymerization conditions.[4][5][6]

Characteristics

[edit]

PB-1 is a high molecular weight, linear, isotactic, and semi-crystalline polymer. PB-1 combines typical characteristics of conventional polyolefins with certain properties of technical polymers.

PB-1, when applied as a pure or reinforced resin, can replace materials like metal, rubber and engineering polymers. It is also used synergistically as a blend element to modify the characteristics of other polyolefins like polypropylene and polyethylene. Because of its specific properties it is mainly used in pressure piping, flexible packaging, water heaters, compounding and hot melt adhesives.

Heated up to 190 °C and above, PB-1 can easily be compression moulded, injection moulded, blown to hollow parts, extruded, and welded. It does not tend to crack due to stress.[dubiousdiscuss] Because of its crystalline structure and high molecular weight, PB-1 has good resistance to hydrostatic pressure, showing very low creep even at elevated temperatures.[7] It is flexible, resists impact well and has good elastic recovery.[3][8]

Isotactic polybutylene crystallizes in three different forms. Crystallization from solution yields form-III with the melting point of 106.5 °C. Cooling from the melt results in the form II which has melting point of 124 °C and density of 0.89 g/cm3. At room temperature, it spontaneously converts into the form-I with the melting point of 135 °C and density of 0.95 g/cm3.[1]

PB-1 generally resists chemicals such as detergents, oils, fats, acids, bases, alcohol, ketones, aliphatic hydrocarbons and hot polar solutions (including water).[3] It shows lower resistance to aromatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons as well as oxidising acids than other polymers such as polysulfone and polyamide 6/6.[7] Additional features include excellent wet abrasion resistance, easy melt flowability (shear thinning), and good dispersion of fillers. It is compatible with polypropylene, ethylene propylene rubbers, and thermoplastic elastomers.

Some properties:[7]

Application areas

[edit]

Piping systems

[edit]

The main use of PB-1 is in flexible pressure piping systems for hot and cold drinking water distribution, pre-insulated district heating networks and surface heating and cooling systems. ISO 15876 defines the performance requirements of PB-1 piping systems.[9] PB-1's most notable characteristics are weldability, temperature resistance, flexibility and high hydrostatic pressure resistance. The material can be classified PB 125 with a minimum required strength (MRS) of 12.5 MPa. Other features include low noise transmission, low linear thermal expansion, no corrosion and calcification.

PB-1 piping systems are no longer being sold in North America (see "Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage", below). The overall market share in Europe and Asia is rather small but PB-1 piping systems have shown a steady growth in recent years. In certain domestic markets, e.g. Kuwait, the United Kingdom, Korea and Spain, PB-1 piping systems have a strong position.[8]

Plastic packaging

[edit]

Several PB-1 grades are commercially available for various applications and conversion technologies (blown film, cast film, extrusion coating). There are two main fields of application:

  • Peelable easy-to-open packaging where PB-1 is used as blend component predominantly in polyethylene to tailor peel strength and peel quality, mainly in alimentary consumer packaging and medical packaging.
  • Lowering seal initiation temperature (SIT) of high speed packaging polypropylene based films. Blending PB-1 into polypropylene, heat sealing temperatures as low as 65 °C can be achieved, maintaining a broad sealing window and good optical film properties.

Hot melt adhesives

[edit]

PB-1 is compatible with a wide range of tackifier resins. It offers high cohesive and adhesive strength and helps tailoring the "open time" of the adhesive (up to 30 minutes) because of its slow crystallisation kinetics. It improves the thermal stability and the viscosity of the adhesive.[10]

Compounding and masterbatches

[edit]

PB-1 accepts very high filler loadings in excess of 70%. In combination with its low melting point it can be employed in halogen-free flame retardant composites or as masterbatch carrier for thermo-sensitive pigments. PB-1 disperses easily in other polyolefins, and at low concentration, acts as processing aid reducing torque and/or increasing throughput.

Thermal insulation

[edit]

PB-1 can be foamed.[11] The use of PB-1 foam as thermal insulation is of great advantage for district heating pipes, since the number of materials in the sandwich structure is reduced to one, facilitating its recycling.[12]

Other applications

[edit]

Other applications include domestic water heaters, electrical insulation, compression packaging, wire and cable, shoe soles, and polyolefin modification (thermal bonding, enhancing softness and flexibility of rigid compounds, increasing temperature resistance and compression set of soft compounds).

Environmental longevity

[edit]

Plumbing and heating systems made from PB-1 have been used in Europe and Asia for more than 30 years. First reference projects in district heating and floor heating systems in Germany and Austria from the early 1970s are still in operation today.[8]

One example is the installation of PB-1 pipes in the Vienna Geothermal Project (1974) where aggressive geothermal water is distributed at a service temperature of 54 °C and 10 bar pressure. Other pipe materials in the same installation failed or corroded and had been replaced in the meantime.[8]

International standards set minimum performance requirements for pipes made from PB-1 used in hot water applications. Standardized extrapolation methods predict lifetimes in excess of 50 years at 70 °C and 10 bar.[8]

Class action lawsuits and removal from building code approved usage

[edit]

Polybutylene plumbing was used in several million homes built in the United States from around 1978 to 1997. Problems with leaks and broken pipes led to a class action lawsuit, Cox v. Shell Oil, that was settled for $1 billion.[13][14] The leaks were associated with degradation of polybutylene exposed to chlorinated water.[15]

Polybutylene water pipes are no longer accepted by the United States building codes and have been the subject[16] of class action lawsuits in both Canada and the U.S.[17][18] The National Plumbing Code of Canada 1995 listed polybutylene piping as acceptable for use with the exception of recirculation plumbing. The piping was removed from the acceptable for use list in the 2005 issue of the standard.[19]

In Australia in March 2023, the Department of Mines, Industry Regulation and Safety reported that Australian homes built in 2019-2020 that had used a certain brand of polybutylene piping, had become the subject of an enquiry due to the significance of water leaks reported.[20][21]

There is evidence to suggest that the presence of chlorine and chloramine compounds in municipal water (often deliberately added to retard bacterial growth) will cause deterioration of the internal chemical structure of polybutylene piping and the associated acetal fittings.[22] The reaction with chlorinated water appears to be greatly accelerated by tensile stress, and is most often observed in material under highest mechanical stress such as at fittings, sharp bends, and kinks. Localized stress whitening of the material generally accompanies and precedes decomposition of the polymer. In extreme cases, this stress-activated chemical "corrosion" can lead to perforation and leakage within a few years, but it also may not fail for decades. Fittings with a soft compression seal can give adequate service life.[further explanation needed]

Because the chemical reaction of the water with the pipe occurs inside the pipe, it is often difficult to assess the extent of deterioration. The problem can cause both slow leaks and pipe bursting without any previous warning indication. The only long-term solution is to completely replace the polybutylene plumbing throughout the entire building.[23]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c Mark Alger, Mark S. M. Alger (1997). Polymer science dictionary. Springer. p. 398. ISBN 978-0-412-60870-4.
  2. ^ Whiteley, Kenneth S.; Heggs, T. Geoffrey; Koch, Hartmut; Mawer, Ralph L.; Immel, Wolfgang (2000). "Polyolefins". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_487. ISBN 978-3527306732.
  3. ^ a b c d Charles A. Harper (2006). Handbook of plastics technologies: the complete guide to properties and performance. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-07-146068-2.
  4. ^ Hwo, Charles C.; Watkins, Larry K. Laminated film with improved tear strength, European Patent Application EP0459742, Publication date 12/04/1991
  5. ^ Boo-Deuk Kim et al. (2008) U.S. patent 7,442,489
  6. ^ Shimizu, Akihiko; Itakura, Keisuke; Otsu, Takayuki; Imoto, Minoru (1969). "Monomer-isomerization polymerization. VI. Isomerizations of butene-2 with TiCl3 or Al(C2H5)3–TiCl3 catalyst". Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry. 7 (11): 3119. Bibcode:1969JPoSA...7.3119S. doi:10.1002/pol.1969.150071108.
  7. ^ a b c d Freeman, Andrew; Mantell, Susan C.; Davidson, Jane H. (2005). "Mechanical performance of polysulfone, polybutylene, and polyamide 6/6 in hot chlorinated water". Solar Energy. 79 (6): 624–37. Bibcode:2005SoEn...79..624F. doi:10.1016/j.solener.2005.07.003.
  8. ^ a b c d e Polybutylene Archived November 30, 2006, at the Wayback Machine
  9. ^ ISO 15876-1:2003 iso.org
  10. ^ T.E. Rolando (1998). Solvent-Free Adhesives. iSmithers Rapra. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-85957-133-0.
  11. ^ Doyle, Lucía (2022-03-20). "Extrusion foaming behavior of polybutene-1. Toward single-material multifunctional sandwich structures". Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 139 (12). doi:10.1002/app.51816. ISSN 0021-8995.
  12. ^ Doyle Gutierrez, Lucia (2022-12-02). A Circular Economy Approach to Multifunctional Sandwich Structures: Polymeric Foams for District Heating Pre-Insulated Pipes (Thesis thesis). HafenCity Universität Hamburg. doi:10.34712/142.35.
  13. ^ Hensler, Deborah R.; Pace, Nicholas M.; Dombey-Moore, Bonita; Giddens, Beth; Gross, Jennifer; Moller, Erik K. (2000). "Polybutylene Plumbing Pipes Litigation: Cox v. Shell Oil". In Hensler, Deborah R. (ed.). Class action dilemmas: pursuing public goals for private gain. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Institute for Civil Justice. pp. 375–98. ISBN 978-0-8330-2601-9.
  14. ^ Schneider, Martin (November 21, 1999). "Pipe problem getting fixed". The Baltimore Sun. Archived from the original on 2012-06-04. Retrieved 2010-07-29.
  15. ^ Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Assessing material performance in chlorinated potable water applications" (PDF). Book Institute of Materials. 759: 863–72. ISSN 1366-5510. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-06-22. Retrieved 2010-07-30. also published as: Vibien, P.; Couch, J.; Oliphant, K.; Zhou, W.; Zhang, B.; Chudnovsky, A. (2001). "Chlorine resistance testing of cross-linked polyethylene piping materials". ANTEC 2001 Proceedings. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 2833–9. ISBN 978-1-58716-098-1.
  16. ^ Pipe dream is nightmare for many, Miami Herald - September 12, 1993
  17. ^ "DuPont USA Settlement of the Canadian Class Action Lawsuits". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-10-01.
  18. ^ Polybutylene Plumbing Pipe Leak Relief
  19. ^ "Polybutylene (Poly-B) Pressure Water Piping" (PDF). municipalaffairs.alberta.ca. Government of Alberta. 2012-01-06. Retrieved 2019-09-09.
  20. ^ "Information for owners of new homes with polybutylene plumbing pipes" (PDF). commerce.wa.gov.au. March 21, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  21. ^ Batajtis, Damian (27 March 2023). "Comprehensive Guide to polybutylene Piping Issues and Solutions in Australia". Wizard Leak Detection. Archived from the original on 12 November 2023. Retrieved November 12, 2023.
  22. ^ Cause of failure in polybutylene pipe & acetal fittings http://www.polybutylene.com/poly.html
  23. ^ "Polybutylene Piping". PropEx.com. Archived from the original on 2015-08-29. Retrieved 2015-07-17.

Further reading

[edit]

A contractor[1][2] (North American English) or builder (British English),[3][4] is responsible for the day-to-day oversight of a construction site, management of vendors and trades, and the communication of information to all involved parties throughout the course of a building project.[5]

In the United States, a contractor may be a sole proprietor managing a project and performing labor or carpentry work, have a small staff, or may be a very large company managing billion dollar projects. Some builders build new homes, some are remodelers, some are developers.[6]

Description

[edit]

A general contractor is a construction manager employed by a client, usually upon the advice of the project's architect or engineer.[7] General Contractors are mainly responsible for the overall coordination of a project and may also act as building designer and construction foreman (a tradesman in charge of a crew).

A general contractor must first assess the project-specific documents (referred to as a bid, proposal, or tender documents). In the case of renovations, a site visit is required to get a better understanding of the project. Depending on the project delivery method, the general contractor will submit a fixed price proposal or bid, cost-plus price or an estimate. The general contractor considers the cost of home office overhead, general conditions, materials, and equipment, as well as the cost of labor, to provide the owner with a price for the project.

Contract documents may include drawings, project manuals (including general, supplementary, or special conditions and specifications), and addendum or modifications issued prior to proposal/bidding and prepared by a design professional, such as an architect.The general contractor may also assume the role of construction manager, responsible for overseeing the project while assuming financial and legal risks.There are several types of risks can occur include cost overruns, delays, and liabilities related to safety or contract breaches.

Prior to formal appointment, the selected general contractor to whom a client proposes to award a contract is often referred to as a "preferred contractor".[8]

Responsibilities

[edit]

A general contractor is responsible for providing all of the material, labor, equipment (such as heavy equipment and tools) and services necessary for the construction of the project. A general contractor often hires specialized subcontractors to perform all or portions of the construction work. When using subcontractors, the general contractor is responsible for overseeing the quality of all work performed by any and all of the workers and subcontractors.

It is a best practice for general contractors to prioritize safety on the job site, and they are generally responsible for ensuring that work takes place following safe practices.

A general contractor's responsibilities may include applying for building permits, advising the person they are hired by, securing the property, providing temporary utilities on site, managing personnel on site, providing site surveying and engineering, disposing or recycling of construction waste, monitoring schedules and cash flows, and maintaining accurate records.[9]

The general contractor may be responsible for some part of the design, referred to as the "contractor's design portion" (JCT terminology).[10]

United Kingdom, Commonwealth and Australia usage

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In the United Kingdom, Australia and some British Commonwealth countries, the term 'general contractor' was gradually superseded by builders during the early twentieth century.[citation needed] This was the term used by major professional, trade, and consumer organizations when issuing contracts for construction work, and thus the term 'general contractor' fell out of use except in large organizations where the main contractor is the top manager and a general contractor shares responsibilities with professional contractors.

General contractors who conduct work for government agencies are often referred to as "builders". This term is also used in contexts where the customer's immediate general contractor is permitted to sub-contract or circumstances are likely to involve sub-contracting to specialist operators e.g. in various public services.

United States and Asia usage

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In the United States and Asia, the terms general contractor (or simply "contractor"), prime contractor and main contractor are often interchangeable when referring to small local companies that perform residential work. These companies are represented by trade organizations such as the NAHB.[11]

Prime contractor

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Prime contractor is a term defined in the US law.[12][13] Statutory definitions of prime contract, prime contractor, subcontract, and subcontractor are in 41 U.S.C. § 8701.[14] The prime contractor term was already defined before the 8 March 1946 passage of An Act To eliminate the practice by subcontractors, under cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable contacts of the United States, of paying fees or kick-backs, or of granting gifts or gratuities to employees of a cost-plus-a-fixed-fee or cost reimbursable prime contractors or of higher tier subcontractors for the purpose of securing the award of subcontracts or orders. (Pub. L.Tooltip Public Law (United States) 79–319, 60 Stat. 37)

Licensing requirements

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Licensing requirements to work legally on construction projects vary from locale to locale. In the United States, there are no federal licensing requirements to become a general contractor, but most US states require general contractors to obtain a local license to operate. It is the states' responsibility to define these requirements: for example, in the state of California, the requirements are stated as follows:

With a few exceptions, all businesses or individuals who work on any building, highway, road, parking facility, railroad, excavation, or other structure in California must be licensed by the California Contractors State License Board (CSLB) if the total cost of one or more contracts on the project is $500 or more.

In every state that requires a license, a surety bond is required as part of the licensing process, with the exception of Louisiana, where bonding requirements may vary in different parishes. Not all states require General Contractor licenses - these include Vermont, New Hampshire and Maine, among others.

Licensing qualifications

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Some general contractors obtain bachelor's degrees in construction science, building science, surveying, construction safety, or other disciplines.

General Contractors often learn about different aspects of construction, including masonry, carpentry, framing, and plumbing. Aspiring general contractors communicate with subcontractors and may learn the management skills they need to run their own company.

Experience in the construction industry as well as references from customers, business partners, or former employers are demanded. Some jurisdictions require candidates to provide proof of financing to own their own general contracting firm.

General Contractors often run their own business. They hire subcontractors to complete specialized construction work and may manage a team of plumbers, electricians, bricklayers, carpenters, iron workers, technicians, handymans, architects and roofers. General Contractors build their business by networking with potential clients, buying basic construction tools, and ensuring that their subcontractors complete high-quality work. General Contractors do not usually complete much construction work themselves, but they need to be familiar with construction techniques so they can manage workers effectively. Other reasons include access to specialist skills, flexible hiring and firing, and lower costs.

General contractor example

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A property owner or real estate developer develops a program of their needs and selects a site (often with an architect). The architect assembles a design team of consulting engineers and other experts to design the building and specify the building systems. Today contractors frequently participate on the design team by providing pre-design services such as providing estimations of the budget and scheduling requirements to improve the economy of the project. In other cases, the general contractor is hired at the close of the design phase. The owner, architect, and general contractor work closely together to meet deadlines and budget. The general contractor works with subcontractors to ensure quality standards; subcontractors specialise in areas such as electrical wiring, plumbing, masonry, etc.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Davies, Nikolas, and Erkki Jokiniemi. Architect's illustrated pocket dictionary. Oxford: Architectural Press, 2011. 289. Print.
  2. ^ "Collins Dictionary".
  3. ^ "Merriam-Webster".
  4. ^ "Builder vs. Construction Manager".
  5. ^ Hendrickson, Chris. & Au, Tung (2000), The Design and Construction Process. Project Management for Construction: Fundamental Concepts for Owners, Engineers, Architects and Builders, chapter 3
  6. ^ "What's the difference between a developer and a builder?". Chicago Tribune. 2005-01-23. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  7. ^ Shekhar, R. K. (2005), Academic Dictionary of Architecture, Delhi: Isha Books, 69
  8. ^ Law Insider Inc., Preferred Contractor(s definition [sic], accessed 21 March 2023
  9. ^ Allen, Edward, & Iano Joseph (2009). Fundamentals of Building Construction Materials and Methods. 5th ed. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons.
  10. ^ Joint Contracts Tribunal, Intermediate Building Contract with contractor’s design (ICD), current edition 2019, accessed 7 July 2021
  11. ^ "About NAHB". www.nahb.org. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  12. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1.
  13. ^ Carril & Duggan 2020.
  14. ^ Nicastro 2023, p. 1, Note 5.

Sources

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Frequently Asked Questions

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